NFPA 160-2016 Standard for the Use of Flame Effects Before an Audience (Effective Date 06 15 2015).pdf

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29、 be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.160-1 NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association . All Rights Reserved. NFPA 160 Standard for th

30、e Use of Flame Effects Before an Audience 2016 Edition This edition of NFPA 160, Standard for the Use of Flame Effects Before an Audience, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Special Effects. It was issued by the Standards Council on May 26, 2015, with an effective date of June 15, 2015, and

31、supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 160 was approved as an American National Standard on June 15, 2015. Origin and Development of NFPA 160 NFPA 160, Standard for Flame Effects Before an Audience, was developed by the Technical Committee on Special Effects, which was established in

32、 1994, in response to a recognized need for a document to provide guidance to public safety ofcials, designers, and operators of ame effects. The purpose of this standard is to provide requirements for reasonable protection for viewing audiences and performers of ame effects. The rst edition of the

33、standard was 1998. For the 2001 edition, the Committee completed a partial revision of the standard. Revisions included amendments to standardized denitions, harmonization with the pyrotechnics special effects document, and editorial changes according to the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Commit

34、tee Documents. The 2006 edition included a complete revision of the standard by the Committee. Key changes found in the 2006 edition included revisions to Chapter 3, Denitions; clarication of the document applicability by modifying the document title; denitions for temporary and permanent installati

35、ons to correlate with the effect classications based upon those terms; a new requirement for inspection intervals; and a new Annex C on inspection guidelines. The 2006 edition of the standard also incorporated editorial changes according to the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents.

36、 The 2011 edition of the standard incorporated amendments to the application section to clarify that NFPA 140, Standard on Motion Picture and Television Production Studio Soundstages, Approved Production Facilities, and Production Locations, applies to ame effect use when no audience is present. The

37、 Committee added denitions for the terms performer and support personnel extracted from NFPA 1126, Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience, for consistency between the special effects documents. Requirements for development and approval of the ame effects plan were included.

38、 The Committee revised the separation distance requirements to eliminate the thermal ux provision and retain the skin surface temperature requirements. The skin surface temperature is based on a test method that can be more easily performed in the eld. The 2016 edition of NFPA 160 denes a hybrid ame

39、 effect and adds requirements for their use. The new edition of NFPA 160 indicates which portions of hybrid ame effects are covered by NFPA 160 and which are covered by NFPA 1126, since both documents apply, and adds explanatory annex material to provide further guidance on the simultaneous applicat

40、ion of NFPA 160 and NFPA 1126. The 2016 edition also claries that the use of ground-based effects utilizing explosives, liquid fuels, or other combustibles in air show environments is not covered by NFPA 160 and provides a reference for the use of such effects.USE OF FLAME EFFECTS BEFORE AN AUDIENCE

41、 160-2 2016 Edition Technical Committee on Special Effects Joshua Lazarus, Chair J Lazarus Company, NJ SE Robert Bauer, The Doyle Street Group, CA IM Glenn A. Birket, Birket Engineering, Inc., FL M Randall W. A. Davidson, Risk International & Assoc., Inc., CO SE Glenn A. Dean, Virginia Department of

42、 Fire Programs, VA E Rep. International Fire Marshals Association Gregory V. Dumansky, XL Global Asset Protection Services, CA I June M. Fields, Henderson, NV SE Hardial Gore, RADCO, CA RT Jeremiah Harris, Harris Production Services/PRG, NY U John Kelly, Washington DC Fire & EMS Department, MD E Ken

43、neth L. Kosanke, PyroLabs, Incorporated, CO SE Mark Lee, Universal Studios Orlando, FL U Daryl Marmon, Wald-All American Fireworks, KS M Rep. Pyrotechnics Guild International, Inc. Craig A. Meyers, Clark County Fire Department, NV E Thaine Morris, MP Associates Incorporated, CA M Andrew T. Nicholls,

44、 Orlando Special Effects, Inc., FL M Amanda McLean Nixon, Pyroam, Inc./Luna Tech, Inc., AL M Rachel Robbins, Natural Resources Canada, Canada E John T. Rodgers, John T. Rodgers, PE, CA M Monona Rossol, Arts, Crafts & Theater Safety, Inc., NY SE Larry Schoeneman, Interesting Products, IL SE Rep. PLAS

45、A North America James D. Streett, International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, CA L Bert von Rosen, Natural Resources Canada, Canada RT Charles P. Weeth, Weeth & Associates, LLC, WI SE Christopher T. Wyman, New Hampshire State Fire Marshals Ofce, NH E Rep. National Association of State Fire

46、 Marshals Tylor A. Wymer, WOW!Works, A Buckley/Wymer Co., FL U Marge Yarbrough, California State Fire Marshal, CA E William J. Young, Superior Energy Systems, Ltd., OH M Rep. National Propane Gas Association Alternates Tassilo Baur, Burbank, CA U (Voting Alt. to ASEPO Rep.) Daniel Birket, Birket Eng

47、ineering Inc., FL M (Alt. to G. A. Birket) John Hamaric, Universal Studios Orlando, FL U (Alt. to M. Lee) Garry Hanson, Precocious Pyrotechnics, Inc., MN M (Alt. to A. T. Nicholls) Edward J. Kaminski, Clark County Fire Prevention Bureau, NV E (Alt. to C. A. Meyers) John R. Kitchens, Los Angeles City

48、 Fire Department, CA E (Alt. to J. Kelly) Eric Larsen, Explosive FX Inc., NJ U (Alt. to T. A. Wymer) Paul G. Makuc, Connecticut State Police, CT E (Alt. to C. T. Wyman) Gregory Meeh, Jauchem & Meeh Inc., NY U (Alt. to J. Harris) Robert B. Nicholson, III, Eastern Propane Corporation, NJ M (Alt. to W.

49、 J. Young) Brian M. Panther, Hi-Tech FX LLC, IA M (Alt. to A. McLean Nixon) David J. Pier, MP Associates, Inc., CA M (Alt. to T. Morris) Bob Ross, Pyrotek Special Effects, Canada M (Alt. to J. T. Rodgers) Karl G. Ruling, PLASA North America, NY SE (Alt. to L. Schoeneman) R. Scott Schaffner, CSA International, CA SE (Alt. to J. M. Fields) Steven Sites, Virginia State Fire Marshals Ofce, VA E (Alt. to G. A. Dean) John R. Steinberg, Pyrotechnics Guild Internationa