NFPA 204-2015 Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting (Effective Date 12 1 2014).pdf

1、NFPA 204 Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting 2015 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USA An International Codes and Standards Organization 1/14ISBN: 978-145591044-1 (Print)ISBN: 978-145591090-8 (PDF)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPASTANDARDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIM

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29、no cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.Copyright 2014 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA204Standard forSmoke and Heat Venting2015 EditionThis edition of NFPA 204, Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting, was prepared by the TechnicalCommittee on Smoke Management Systems. It was i

30、ssued by the Standards Council on November11, 2014, with an effective date of December 1, 2014, and supersedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA 204 was approved as an American National Standard on December 1,2014.Origin and Development of NFPA 204This project was initiated in 1956 when the

31、 NFPA Board of Directors referred the subject tothe Committee on Building Construction. A tentative guide was submitted to NFPA in 1958.Revised and tentatively adopted in 1959 and again in 1960, the guide was officially adopted in1961. In 1968, a revised edition was adopted that included a new secti

32、on, Inspection andMaintenance.In 1975, a reconfirmation action failed as concerns over use of the guide in conjunctionwith automatic sprinklered buildings surfaced. Because of this controversy, work on a revisionto the guide continued at a slow pace.The Technical Committee and Subcommittee members a

33、greed that the state of the arthad progressed sufficiently to develop improved technology-based criteria for design of vent-ing; therefore, the 1982 edition of the document represented a major advance in engineeredsmoke and heating venting, although reservations over vent and sprinkler applications

34、stillexisted.At the time the guide was formulated, the current venting theory was considered unwieldyfor this format; consequently, the more adaptable theory as described herein was adopted.Appreciation must be extended to Dr. Gunnar Heskestad at the Factory Mutual ResearchCorporation (now FM Global

35、) for his major contribution to the theory applied in this stan-dard, which is detailed in Annex B.The 1985 edition again revised Chapter 6 on the subject of venting in sprinklered build-ings. Test data from work done at the Illinois Institute of Technology Research, which hadbeen submitted to the C

36、ommittee as part of a public proposal, did not permit consensus to bedeveloped on whether sprinkler control was impaired or enhanced by the presence of auto-matic roof vents of typical spacing and area. The revised wording of Chapter 6 encouragedthe designer to use the available tools and data refer

37、enced in the document while the use ofautomatic venting in sprinklered buildings was under review.The 1991 edition made minor changes to Chapter 6 to acknowledge that a design basisexisted for using sprinklers and automatic heat venting together but that such had not re-ceived wide recognition.The 1

38、998 edition represented a complete revision of the guide. The rewrite deleted theprevious tables that listed vent areas and incorporated engineering equations and referencedcomputer models, such as LAVENT and DETACT, to provide the designer with the necessarytools to develop vent designs based on pe

39、rformance objectives. This rewrite was based exten-sively on state-of-the-art technology published in the references. In many cases, the authors ofthese references participated in the task groups rewrite efforts.The 2002 edition of NFPA 204 was converted from a guide to a standard, thus implement-in

40、g mandatory requirements and updated language. The document was also updated to meetManual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents requirements.2041NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169

41、The 2007 edition included a number of technical changes. New provisions on air entrainment into the fire plume,the effect of wind on the location of air vents, sizing of air paths, air velocity limitations, and plugholing were provided.Information on the use of vents as air inlets and a better desc

42、ription of the smoke layer interface were added. Revisionswith regard to how heat release rates, discharge coefficients, exhaust rates, and the number of exhaust inlets are to bedetermined were incorporated. Reference to international standards on vents, mechanical smoke extract, and draftcurtains,

43、as well as updated annex text on recent research efforts, were provided.The 2012 edition was updated to include additional requirements and annex material for venting in sprin-klered buildings.The 2015 edition includes revised provisions on draft curtains. These requirements create consistency withN

44、FPA 92.2042 SMOKE AND HEAT VENTING2015 EditionTechnical Committee on Smoke Management SystemsRandolph W. Tucker, Chairccrd partners, TX SESanjay Aggarwal The RJA Group, Inc., CA SEElyahu Avidor, Tel Aviv, Israel RTRep. Standards Institution of IsraelFlora F. Chen, Hayward Fire Department, CA EPaul D

45、avid Compton, Colt International, Ltd., UnitedKingdom MRichard J. Davis, FM Global, MA IKevin L. Derr, U.S. Architect of the Capitol, DC EMichael Earl Dillon, Dillon Consulting Engineers, Inc.,CA SEKelly Eisenstein, City Of San Diego, CA EDouglas H. Evans Clark County Building Department,NV EMichael

46、 J. Ferreira, Hughes Associates, MD SEBrian Green, Viking Corporation, MI MRep. National Fire Sprinkler AssociationGeoffrey Harris, Smoke and Fire EngineeringTechnology Ltd., United Kingdom SERep. ISO TC on Smoke and Heat Control Systems andComponentsJohn E. Kampmeyer, Sr., Triad Fire ProtectionEngi

47、neering Corporation, PA SERep. National Society of Professional EngineersDavid A. Killian, Walt Disney Parks FM 4430, Ap-proval Standard for Heat and Smoke Vents; or other approved,nationally recognized standards.5.2 Vent Design Constraints.5.2.1* The means of vent actuation shall be selected with r

48、e-gard to the full range of expected ambient conditions.5.2.2* Vents shall consist of a single unit (vent), in which theentire unit (vent) opens fully with the activation of a single detec-tor, or multiple units (vents) in rows or arrays (ganged vents) inwhich the units (vents) open simultaneously w

49、ith the activationof a single heat detector, a fusible link, a smoke detector, a sprin-kler waterflow switch, or other means of detection to satisfy theventing requirements for a specific hazard.5.2.3* Where the hazard is localized, vents shall open directlyabove such hazard.5.2.4 Vents, and their supporting structure and means of ac-tuation, shall be designed so that they can be inspected visu-ally after installation.5.3 Methods of Operation.5.3.1* Normally, closed vents shall be designed to open auto-matically in a fire to meet design objectives o