NFPA 551-2016 Guide for the Evaluation of Fire Risk Assessments (Effective Date 3 5 2015).pdf

1、NFPA 551 Guide for the Evaluation of Fire Risk Assessments 2016 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USA An International Codes and Standards Organization 1/14ISBN: 978-145591135-6 (Print)ISBN: 978-145591140-0 (PDF)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPASTANDARDS NOTIC

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29、 be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.Copyright 2015 National Fire ProtectionAssociation.All Rights Reserved.NFPA551Guide for theEvaluation of Fire Risk Assessments2016 EditionThiseditionofNFPA551,GuidefortheEvaluationofFireRiskAssessments,waspreparedbytheTechnical Committee on Fire RiskA

30、ssessment Methods. It was issued by the Standards Coun-cil on February 13, 2015, with an effective date of March 5, 2015, and supersedes all previouseditions.This edition of NFPA551 was approved as anAmerican National Standard on March 5, 2015.Origin and Development of NFPA 551In the mid-1990s, it w

31、as recognized that the application of fire risk assessment methods indeveloping fire and life safety solutions continued to increase. However, a set of rules or aframework that described the properties of an acceptable fire risk assessment method waslacking. Additionally, there were no guidance docu

32、ments available to those responsible forapproving or evaluating fire and life safety solutions that were based on a fire risk assessment.In response, NFPAestablished a new project and technical committee on fire risk assessmentmethods in 1999. NFPA551, 2004 edition, was the first document prepared b

33、y the committeein response to the growing need for guidance documents on fire risk assessment methods.The 2007 edition included a number of enhancements, and new information on the subject.Certaintermswererevisedforconsistencywithotherdocumentsthataddressperformance-baseddesign and fire risk assessm

34、ent methods, and further guidance was provided on applying risk-informed decision making for various fire safety goals, including the preservation of culturalresources. More detail on selecting fire scenarios; identifying and grouping representative chal-lenging scenarios into clusters for conductin

35、g more effective consequence analysis; addressinguncertainty; and the impact of the changing effectiveness of fire protection equipment, features,programs, and procedures were added. The capabilities of those conducting a fire risk assess-ment,thekeyfactorstoconsiderwhenconductingorreviewingafireris

36、kassessment,andtheroleof an operations and maintenance manual were addressed.An expanded discussion on the roleof qualitative, semiquantitative likelihood, semiquantitative consequence, and quantitative meth-ods in a fire risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis was included, as was more detail on

37、properdocumentationandelementsofafireriskassessment,andtheimportanceofusingcheckliststhataddress both likelihood and consequence.The 2010 edition contained a reorganization of Chapter 7 to provide further guidance ondocumentation requirements for the fire risk assessment concept report.The 2013 edit

38、ion included minor updates to add explosions to the list of fire stimuli inChapter 4.The 2016 edition is a reconfirmation of the 2013 edition, with minor updates. It intro-duces a new definition of the term hazard, used throughout the document, as well as updatesto other definitions and referenced p

39、ublications.5511NFPAand National Fire ProtectionAssociation are registered trademarks of the National Fire ProtectionAssociation, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Technical Committee on Fire Risk Assessment MethodsBrian J. Meacham, ChairWorcester Polytechnic Institute, MASEKumar R. Bhimavarapu, FM Global

40、, MAIDavid G. Bueche, Hoover Treated Wood Products, CO MShane M. Clary, BayAlarm Company, CAMRep.Automatic FireAlarmAssociation, Inc.Lisa M. Cockerill, Region of Peel, Canada UD. Allan Coutts, URS Safety Management Solutions LLC,SC UKenneth W. Dungan, Performance Design Technologies,TN SEMichael A.

41、Falzarano, Tyco Electronics, PAMSimon Foo, Public Works rather, it describes the techni-cal review process and documentation that are needed inevaluating an FRA.1.3 Application. This guide is intended to be applied to the as-sessment of performance-based solutions, studies, code equiva-lencies, or r

42、egulatory compliance evaluations developed usingFRAmethods.1.4 Qualifications for Practitioners. Persons undertakingFRAs, as anticipated by this guide, should document theirqualificationsandmakethemavailabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. Depending on the FRA being undertaken, thedocumentation cou

43、ld include educational background, pastexperiencewithFRAs,andprofessionalregistration.Theformof the documentation should meet the needs of the authorityhaving jurisdiction within the context of applicable laws andregulations.1.5* Risk.1.5.1 Theperceptionofrisk,andthereforetheacceptanceofrisk, is inf

44、luenced by the values of the stakeholders. Thus, thevalues of the stakeholders should be established in the riskmetrics, which may include life safety, property, business inter-ruption, and intangibles. The metrics associated with thesevalues may be people affected, dollars of loss, acreage, and sof

45、orth. The expression of the metric is usually rate based (e.g.,frequency, or probability of occurrence over a specified timeperiod). The stakeholders may attach different weights to agiven risk, based on their perspective. Each AHJ may have itsown weighting, depending on its role.1.5.2 For fire safe

46、ty, the hazards are generally fire, explosion,smoke, and toxicity associated with fire products. The likeli-hoods and corresponding consequences are derived from firescenarios associated with these hazards. The impacts or harmfrom the fire scenarios are expressed in the metrics associatedwith the va

47、lues, such as number of people affected per loca-tion per year.Chapter 2 Referenced Publications2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in thischapter are referenced within this guide and should be con-sidered part of the recommendations of this document.2.2 NFPA Publications. National

48、 Fire Protection Association,1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA02169-7471.NFPA 101A, Guide on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety,2013 edition.NFPA550, Guide to the Fire Safety Concepts Tree, 2012 edition.Fire Protection Handbook, 20th edition, 2008 edition.SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineerin

49、g, 4th edition,2008 edition.2.3 Other Publications.Bornhuetter, R. L., and R. E. Ferguson, 1972. “TheActuaryand IBNR,” Proceedings of the Casualty Actuarial Society, 59, 181195.Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition,Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.2.4 References for Extracts in Advisory Sections. (Reserved)Chapter 3 Definitions3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter apply tothe terms used in this guide.Where terms are not defined in thischapter or within another chapter, they should be defined usingtheir ordinarily acce