NFPA 551-2016 Guide for the Evaluation of Fire Risk Assessments (Effective Date 3 5 2015).pdf

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1、NFPA 551 Guide for the Evaluation of Fire Risk Assessments 2016 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USA An International Codes and Standards Organization 1/14ISBN: 978-145591135-6 (Print)ISBN: 978-145591140-0 (PDF)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPASTANDARDS NOTIC

2、E AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA STANDARDSNFPAcodes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Ins

3、titute. This process brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluat

4、e, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards.The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly result

5、ing from the publication, use of, or reliance on NFPA Standards. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.In issuing and making NFPA Standards available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for

6、 or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exerci

7、se of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Standards. Nor does the NFPA list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certificati

8、on or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDSUsers of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA St

9、andards”) should be aware that NFPA Standards may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendment and

10、 any Errata then in effect.In order to determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the Document Information Pages on NFPAs website. The Document Information Pages provide up-to-date, document specific informat

11、ion including any issued Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata.To access the Document Information Page for a specific NFPA Standard, go to http:/www.nfpa.org/docinfo to choose from the list of NFPA Standards or use the search feature on the right to select the NFPA Standard number (e.g., NFPA 101)

12、. In addition to posting all existing Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata, the Document Information Page also includes the option to sign-up for an “Alert” feature to receive an email notification when new updates and other information are posted regarding the document.1/14IMPORTANT NOTICES AND

13、DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPASTANDARDS ADDITIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERSUpdating of NFPA Standards Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended

14、from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a

15、given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected through the issuance of Errata, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire CodesSubscription Service, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org, o

16、r contact the NFPA at the address listed below.Interpretations of NFPA StandardsA statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 6 of the Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards shall not be considered the official position of NFPA or any of its Committe

17、es and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation.PatentsThe NFPA does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights referenced in, related to, or asserted in connection with an NFPA Standard. The users of NFPA Standards bear the sole resp

18、onsibility for determining the validity of any such patent rights, as well as the risk of infringement of such rights, and the NFPA disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting from the use of or reliance on NFPA Standards.NFPA adheres to the policy of the American National Stand

19、ards Institute (ANSI) regarding the inclusion of patents in American National Standards (“the ANSI Patent Policy”), and hereby gives the following notice pursuant to that policy:NOTICE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with an NFPA Standard may require use of an inven

20、tion covered by patent rights. NFPA takes no position as to the validity of any such patent rights or as to whether such patent rights constitute or include essential patent claims under the ANSI Patent Policy. If, in connection with the ANSI Patent Policy, a patent holder has filed a statement of w

21、illingness to grant licenses under these rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, copies of such filed statements can be obtained, on request, from NFPA. For further information, contact the NFPA at the address listed below.Law

22、and RegulationsUsers of NFPA Standards should consult applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. NFPA does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may

23、 not be construed as doing so.CopyrightsNFPA Standards are copyrighted. They are made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of safe practices

24、and methods. By making these documents available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the NFPA does not waive any rights in copyright to these documents.Use of NFPA Standards for regulatory purposes should be accomplished through adoption by reference. The term “adoption by

25、reference” means the citing of title, edition, and publishing information only. Any deletions, additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority should be noted separately in the adopting instrument. In order to assist NFPA in following the uses made of its documents, adopting authorities are

26、 requested to notify the NFPA (Attention: Secretary, Standards Council) in writing of such use. For technical assistance and questions concerning adoption of NFPA Standards, contact NFPA at the address below.For Further InformationAll questions or other communications relating to NFPA Standards and

27、all requests for information on NFPA procedures governing its codes and standards development process, including information on the procedures for requesting Formal Interpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA standards during regular revision cycl

28、es, should be sent to NFPA headquarters, addressed to the attention of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101; email: stds_adminnfpa.orgFor more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All NFPA codes and standards can

29、 be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.Copyright 2015 National Fire ProtectionAssociation.All Rights Reserved.NFPA551Guide for theEvaluation of Fire Risk Assessments2016 EditionThiseditionofNFPA551,GuidefortheEvaluationofFireRiskAssessments,waspreparedbytheTechnical Committee on Fire RiskA

30、ssessment Methods. It was issued by the Standards Coun-cil on February 13, 2015, with an effective date of March 5, 2015, and supersedes all previouseditions.This edition of NFPA551 was approved as anAmerican National Standard on March 5, 2015.Origin and Development of NFPA 551In the mid-1990s, it w

31、as recognized that the application of fire risk assessment methods indeveloping fire and life safety solutions continued to increase. However, a set of rules or aframework that described the properties of an acceptable fire risk assessment method waslacking. Additionally, there were no guidance docu

32、ments available to those responsible forapproving or evaluating fire and life safety solutions that were based on a fire risk assessment.In response, NFPAestablished a new project and technical committee on fire risk assessmentmethods in 1999. NFPA551, 2004 edition, was the first document prepared b

33、y the committeein response to the growing need for guidance documents on fire risk assessment methods.The 2007 edition included a number of enhancements, and new information on the subject.Certaintermswererevisedforconsistencywithotherdocumentsthataddressperformance-baseddesign and fire risk assessm

34、ent methods, and further guidance was provided on applying risk-informed decision making for various fire safety goals, including the preservation of culturalresources. More detail on selecting fire scenarios; identifying and grouping representative chal-lenging scenarios into clusters for conductin

35、g more effective consequence analysis; addressinguncertainty; and the impact of the changing effectiveness of fire protection equipment, features,programs, and procedures were added. The capabilities of those conducting a fire risk assess-ment,thekeyfactorstoconsiderwhenconductingorreviewingafireris

36、kassessment,andtheroleof an operations and maintenance manual were addressed.An expanded discussion on the roleof qualitative, semiquantitative likelihood, semiquantitative consequence, and quantitative meth-ods in a fire risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis was included, as was more detail on

37、properdocumentationandelementsofafireriskassessment,andtheimportanceofusingcheckliststhataddress both likelihood and consequence.The 2010 edition contained a reorganization of Chapter 7 to provide further guidance ondocumentation requirements for the fire risk assessment concept report.The 2013 edit

38、ion included minor updates to add explosions to the list of fire stimuli inChapter 4.The 2016 edition is a reconfirmation of the 2013 edition, with minor updates. It intro-duces a new definition of the term hazard, used throughout the document, as well as updatesto other definitions and referenced p

39、ublications.5511NFPAand National Fire ProtectionAssociation are registered trademarks of the National Fire ProtectionAssociation, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Technical Committee on Fire Risk Assessment MethodsBrian J. Meacham, ChairWorcester Polytechnic Institute, MASEKumar R. Bhimavarapu, FM Global

40、, MAIDavid G. Bueche, Hoover Treated Wood Products, CO MShane M. Clary, BayAlarm Company, CAMRep.Automatic FireAlarmAssociation, Inc.Lisa M. Cockerill, Region of Peel, Canada UD. Allan Coutts, URS Safety Management Solutions LLC,SC UKenneth W. Dungan, Performance Design Technologies,TN SEMichael A.

41、Falzarano, Tyco Electronics, PAMSimon Foo, Public Works rather, it describes the techni-cal review process and documentation that are needed inevaluating an FRA.1.3 Application. This guide is intended to be applied to the as-sessment of performance-based solutions, studies, code equiva-lencies, or r

42、egulatory compliance evaluations developed usingFRAmethods.1.4 Qualifications for Practitioners. Persons undertakingFRAs, as anticipated by this guide, should document theirqualificationsandmakethemavailabletotheauthorityhavingjurisdiction. Depending on the FRA being undertaken, thedocumentation cou

43、ld include educational background, pastexperiencewithFRAs,andprofessionalregistration.Theformof the documentation should meet the needs of the authorityhaving jurisdiction within the context of applicable laws andregulations.1.5* Risk.1.5.1 Theperceptionofrisk,andthereforetheacceptanceofrisk, is inf

44、luenced by the values of the stakeholders. Thus, thevalues of the stakeholders should be established in the riskmetrics, which may include life safety, property, business inter-ruption, and intangibles. The metrics associated with thesevalues may be people affected, dollars of loss, acreage, and sof

45、orth. The expression of the metric is usually rate based (e.g.,frequency, or probability of occurrence over a specified timeperiod). The stakeholders may attach different weights to agiven risk, based on their perspective. Each AHJ may have itsown weighting, depending on its role.1.5.2 For fire safe

46、ty, the hazards are generally fire, explosion,smoke, and toxicity associated with fire products. The likeli-hoods and corresponding consequences are derived from firescenarios associated with these hazards. The impacts or harmfrom the fire scenarios are expressed in the metrics associatedwith the va

47、lues, such as number of people affected per loca-tion per year.Chapter 2 Referenced Publications2.1 General. The documents or portions thereof listed in thischapter are referenced within this guide and should be con-sidered part of the recommendations of this document.2.2 NFPA Publications. National

48、 Fire Protection Association,1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA02169-7471.NFPA 101A, Guide on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety,2013 edition.NFPA550, Guide to the Fire Safety Concepts Tree, 2012 edition.Fire Protection Handbook, 20th edition, 2008 edition.SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineerin

49、g, 4th edition,2008 edition.2.3 Other Publications.Bornhuetter, R. L., and R. E. Ferguson, 1972. “TheActuaryand IBNR,” Proceedings of the Casualty Actuarial Society, 59, 181195.Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition,Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, 2003.2.4 References for Extracts in Advisory Sections. (Reserved)Chapter 3 Definitions3.1 General. The definitions contained in this chapter apply tothe terms used in this guide.Where terms are not defined in thischapter or within another chapter, they should be defined usingtheir ordinarily acce

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