NFPA 92-2015 Standard for Smoke Control Systems (Effective Date 12 1 2014).pdf

1、NFPA 92 Standard for Smoke Control Systems 2015 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USA An International Codes and Standards Organization 1/14ISBN: 978-145591040-3 (Print)ISBN: 978-145591086-1 (PDF)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPASTANDARDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER

2、 OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA STANDARDSNFPAcodes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This pro

3、cess brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the

4、 accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards.The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the pub

5、lication, use of, or reliance on NFPA Standards. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein.In issuing and making NFPA Standards available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of

6、 any person or entity. Nor is the NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable

7、 care in any given circumstances.The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Standards. Nor does the NFPA list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or other stat

8、ement of compliance with the requirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDSUsers of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should

9、 be aware that NFPA Standards may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendment and any Errata then

10、 in effect.In order to determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the Document Information Pages on NFPAs website. The Document Information Pages provide up-to-date, document specific information including an

11、y issued Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata.To access the Document Information Page for a specific NFPA Standard, go to http:/www.nfpa.org/docinfo to choose from the list of NFPA Standards or use the search feature on the right to select the NFPA Standard number (e.g., NFPA 101). In addition to

12、 posting all existing Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata, the Document Information Page also includes the option to sign-up for an “Alert” feature to receive an email notification when new updates and other information are posted regarding the document.1/14IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONC

13、ERNING NFPASTANDARDS ADDITIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERSUpdating of NFPA Standards Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to tim

14、e through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document i

15、s the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected through the issuance of Errata, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire CodesSubscription Service, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org, or contact the NF

16、PA at the address listed below.Interpretations of NFPA StandardsA statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 6 of the Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards shall not be considered the official position of NFPA or any of its Committees and shall not

17、 be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation.PatentsThe NFPA does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights referenced in, related to, or asserted in connection with an NFPA Standard. The users of NFPA Standards bear the sole responsibility for d

18、etermining the validity of any such patent rights, as well as the risk of infringement of such rights, and the NFPA disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting from the use of or reliance on NFPA Standards.NFPA adheres to the policy of the American National Standards Institute (

19、ANSI) regarding the inclusion of patents in American National Standards (“the ANSI Patent Policy”), and hereby gives the following notice pursuant to that policy:NOTICE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with an NFPA Standard may require use of an invention covered by

20、patent rights. NFPA takes no position as to the validity of any such patent rights or as to whether such patent rights constitute or include essential patent claims under the ANSI Patent Policy. If, in connection with the ANSI Patent Policy, a patent holder has filed a statement of willingness to gr

21、ant licenses under these rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, copies of such filed statements can be obtained, on request, from NFPA. For further information, contact the NFPA at the address listed below.Law and RegulationsU

22、sers of NFPA Standards should consult applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. NFPA does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construe

23、d as doing so.CopyrightsNFPA Standards are copyrighted. They are made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of safe practices and methods. By

24、making these documents available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the NFPA does not waive any rights in copyright to these documents.Use of NFPA Standards for regulatory purposes should be accomplished through adoption by reference. The term “adoption by reference” means

25、 the citing of title, edition, and publishing information only. Any deletions, additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority should be noted separately in the adopting instrument. In order to assist NFPA in following the uses made of its documents, adopting authorities are requested to no

26、tify the NFPA (Attention: Secretary, Standards Council) in writing of such use. For technical assistance and questions concerning adoption of NFPA Standards, contact NFPA at the address below.For Further InformationAll questions or other communications relating to NFPA Standards and all requests for

27、 information on NFPA procedures governing its codes and standards development process, including information on the procedures for requesting Formal Interpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA standards during regular revision cycles, should be se

28、nt to NFPA headquarters, addressed to the attention of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101; email: stds_adminnfpa.orgFor more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All NFPA codes and standards can be viewed at no

29、 cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.Copyright 2014 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA92Standard forSmoke Control Systems2015 EditionThis edition of NFPA 92, Standard for Smoke Control Systems, was prepared by the TechnicalCommittee on Smoke Management Systems. It was issued

30、by the Standards Council on No-vember 11, 2014, with an effective date of December 1, 2014, and supersedes all previouseditions.This edition of NFPA 92 was approved as an American National Standard on December 1,2014.Origin and Development of NFPA 92The NFPA Standards Council established the Technic

31、al Committee on Smoke Manage-ment Systems in 1985 and charged it with addressing the need for guidelines and materials onsmoke management in buildings. The Committees first document, NFPA 92A, RecommendedPractice for Smoke-Control Systems, was published in 1988 and addressed smoke control utilizingb

32、arriers, airflows, and pressure differentials so as to confine the smoke of a fire to the zone offire origin to maintain a tenable environment in other zones. The complex problem of main-taining tenable conditions within large zones of fire origin such as atria and shopping mallsrepresented a more d

33、ifficult issue in terms of the physics involved and thus was reserved foranother document, NFPA 92B, Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and LargeAreas, first published in 1991.Between 1991 and 2009, NFPA 92A and NFPA 92B were separately maintained. In 2006,NFPA 92A was rewritten as

34、a standard with mandatory provisions regarding design, installa-tion, and testing of smoke-control systems and was renamed Smoke-Control Systems UtilizingBarriers and Pressure Differences. In 2005 and 2006, both documents were reorganized to complywith the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committe

35、e Documents. Both documents eventuallycontained many of the same requirements for design objectives, activation, and installation.In the Annual 2011 revision cycle, NFPA 92A and NFPA 92B were withdrawn and replacedwith a new document, NFPA 92, Standard for Smoke Control Systems. NFPA 92 was created

36、usingrequirements from both of the original documents, removing duplicate provisions and mak-ing numerous editorial changes. The new document used the term smoke control systems toaddress both containment and management systems. With the consolidation effort, the newstandard covered the following to

37、pics: design of smoke management systems and calcula-tions, design of smoke containment systems, design of stairwell pressurization systems, andtesting requirements.The 2015 edition includes editorial revisions and new requirements addressing draft cur-tain materials.921NFPA and National Fire Protec

38、tion Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Technical Committee on Smoke Management SystemsRandolph W. Tucker, Chairccrd partners, TX SESanjay Aggarwal, The RJA Group, Inc., CA SEElyahu Avidor, Tel Aviv, Israel RTRep. Standards

39、Institution of IsraelFlora F. Chen, Hayward Fire Department, CA EPaul David Compton, Colt International, Ltd., UnitedKingdom MRichard J. Davis, FM Global, MA IKevin L. Derr, U.S. Architect of the Capitol, DC EMichael Earl Dillon, Dillon Consulting Engineers, Inc.,CA SEKelly Eisenstein, City Of San D

40、iego, CA EDouglas H. Evans, Clark County Building Department,NV EMichael J. Ferreira, Hughes Associates, Inc., MD SEBrian Green, Viking Corporation, MI MGeoffrey Harris, Smoke and Fire EngineeringTechnology Ltd., United Kingdom SERep. ISO TC on Smoke and Heat Control Systems andComponentsJohn E. Kam

41、pmeyer, Sr., Triad Fire ProtectionEngineering Corporation, PA SERep. National Society of Professional EngineersDavid A. Killian, Walt Disney Parks an elevatorhoistway; an escalator opening; or as a utility shaft used forplumbing, electrical, air-conditioning, or communications fa-cilities. 101, 2015

42、3.3.2* Ceiling Jet. A flow of smoke under the ceiling, extend-ing radially from the point of fire plume impingement on theceiling.3.3.3* Design Pressure Difference. The desired pressure dif-ference between the protected space and an adjacent spacemeasured at the boundary of the protected space under

43、 aspecified set of conditions with the smoke control system op-erating.3.3.4* Draft Curtain. A fixed or automatically deployable bar-rier that protrudes downward from the ceiling to channel,contain, or prevent the migration of smoke.3.3.5 Fire.3.3.5.1 Fuel Limited Fire. A fire that has a heat releas

44、e ratethat is controlled by the material burning.3.3.5.2 Steady Fire. A fire that has a constant heat releaserate.3.3.5.3 t-squared (t2) Fire. A fire that has a heat release ratethat grows proportionally to the square of time from igni-tion. See Annex B for further information on t-squared (t2) prof

45、ilefires.3.3.5.4 Unsteady Fire. A fire that has a heat release ratethat varies with respect to time.3.3.5.5 Ventilation Limited Fire. A fire where every object inthe fire compartment is fully involved in fire and the heatrelease rate depends on the airflow through the openingsto the fire compartment

46、.3.3.6* Fire Fighters Smoke Control Station (FSCS). A systemthat provides graphical monitoring and manual overriding ca-pability over smoke control systems and equipment at desig-nated location(s) within the building for use by the fire de-partment.3.3.7 Growth Time (tg). The time interval from the

47、time of ef-fective ignition until the heat release rate of the fire is 1000 Btu/sec (1055 kW).3.3.8 Plugholing. The condition where air from below thesmoke layer is pulled through the smoke layer into the smokeexhaust due to a high exhaust rate.3.3.9* Plume. A column of smoke that rises above a fire

48、.3.3.9.1* Axisymmetric Plume. A plume that rises above afire, does not come into contact with walls or other ob-stacles, and is not disrupted or deflected by airflow.3.3.9.2* Balcony Spill Plume. A smoke plume that origi-nates from a compartment fire, flows out the doorway,flows under a balcony, and

49、 flows upward after passing thebalcony edge.3.3.9.3* Window Plume. A plume that flows out of an open-ing to a room or other compartment that is involved in aventilation limited fire.3.3.10 Pressurized Stairwells. A type of containment smokecontrol system in which stair shafts are mechanically pressur-ized, with respect to the fire area, with outdoor air to keepsmoke from contaminating them during a fire incident.3.3.11 Registered Design Professional (RDP). An individualwho is registered or licensed to practice their respective de-sign profession