1、NFPA 92 Standard for Smoke Control Systems 2015 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USA An International Codes and Standards Organization 1/14ISBN: 978-145591040-3 (Print)ISBN: 978-145591086-1 (PDF)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPASTANDARDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER
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29、 cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.Copyright 2014 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA92Standard forSmoke Control Systems2015 EditionThis edition of NFPA 92, Standard for Smoke Control Systems, was prepared by the TechnicalCommittee on Smoke Management Systems. It was issued
30、by the Standards Council on No-vember 11, 2014, with an effective date of December 1, 2014, and supersedes all previouseditions.This edition of NFPA 92 was approved as an American National Standard on December 1,2014.Origin and Development of NFPA 92The NFPA Standards Council established the Technic
31、al Committee on Smoke Manage-ment Systems in 1985 and charged it with addressing the need for guidelines and materials onsmoke management in buildings. The Committees first document, NFPA 92A, RecommendedPractice for Smoke-Control Systems, was published in 1988 and addressed smoke control utilizingb
32、arriers, airflows, and pressure differentials so as to confine the smoke of a fire to the zone offire origin to maintain a tenable environment in other zones. The complex problem of main-taining tenable conditions within large zones of fire origin such as atria and shopping mallsrepresented a more d
33、ifficult issue in terms of the physics involved and thus was reserved foranother document, NFPA 92B, Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria, and LargeAreas, first published in 1991.Between 1991 and 2009, NFPA 92A and NFPA 92B were separately maintained. In 2006,NFPA 92A was rewritten as
34、a standard with mandatory provisions regarding design, installa-tion, and testing of smoke-control systems and was renamed Smoke-Control Systems UtilizingBarriers and Pressure Differences. In 2005 and 2006, both documents were reorganized to complywith the Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committe
35、e Documents. Both documents eventuallycontained many of the same requirements for design objectives, activation, and installation.In the Annual 2011 revision cycle, NFPA 92A and NFPA 92B were withdrawn and replacedwith a new document, NFPA 92, Standard for Smoke Control Systems. NFPA 92 was created
36、usingrequirements from both of the original documents, removing duplicate provisions and mak-ing numerous editorial changes. The new document used the term smoke control systems toaddress both containment and management systems. With the consolidation effort, the newstandard covered the following to
37、pics: design of smoke management systems and calcula-tions, design of smoke containment systems, design of stairwell pressurization systems, andtesting requirements.The 2015 edition includes editorial revisions and new requirements addressing draft cur-tain materials.921NFPA and National Fire Protec
38、tion Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Technical Committee on Smoke Management SystemsRandolph W. Tucker, Chairccrd partners, TX SESanjay Aggarwal, The RJA Group, Inc., CA SEElyahu Avidor, Tel Aviv, Israel RTRep. Standards
39、Institution of IsraelFlora F. Chen, Hayward Fire Department, CA EPaul David Compton, Colt International, Ltd., UnitedKingdom MRichard J. Davis, FM Global, MA IKevin L. Derr, U.S. Architect of the Capitol, DC EMichael Earl Dillon, Dillon Consulting Engineers, Inc.,CA SEKelly Eisenstein, City Of San D
40、iego, CA EDouglas H. Evans, Clark County Building Department,NV EMichael J. Ferreira, Hughes Associates, Inc., MD SEBrian Green, Viking Corporation, MI MGeoffrey Harris, Smoke and Fire EngineeringTechnology Ltd., United Kingdom SERep. ISO TC on Smoke and Heat Control Systems andComponentsJohn E. Kam
41、pmeyer, Sr., Triad Fire ProtectionEngineering Corporation, PA SERep. National Society of Professional EngineersDavid A. Killian, Walt Disney Parks an elevatorhoistway; an escalator opening; or as a utility shaft used forplumbing, electrical, air-conditioning, or communications fa-cilities. 101, 2015
42、3.3.2* Ceiling Jet. A flow of smoke under the ceiling, extend-ing radially from the point of fire plume impingement on theceiling.3.3.3* Design Pressure Difference. The desired pressure dif-ference between the protected space and an adjacent spacemeasured at the boundary of the protected space under
43、 aspecified set of conditions with the smoke control system op-erating.3.3.4* Draft Curtain. A fixed or automatically deployable bar-rier that protrudes downward from the ceiling to channel,contain, or prevent the migration of smoke.3.3.5 Fire.3.3.5.1 Fuel Limited Fire. A fire that has a heat releas
44、e ratethat is controlled by the material burning.3.3.5.2 Steady Fire. A fire that has a constant heat releaserate.3.3.5.3 t-squared (t2) Fire. A fire that has a heat release ratethat grows proportionally to the square of time from igni-tion. See Annex B for further information on t-squared (t2) prof
45、ilefires.3.3.5.4 Unsteady Fire. A fire that has a heat release ratethat varies with respect to time.3.3.5.5 Ventilation Limited Fire. A fire where every object inthe fire compartment is fully involved in fire and the heatrelease rate depends on the airflow through the openingsto the fire compartment
46、.3.3.6* Fire Fighters Smoke Control Station (FSCS). A systemthat provides graphical monitoring and manual overriding ca-pability over smoke control systems and equipment at desig-nated location(s) within the building for use by the fire de-partment.3.3.7 Growth Time (tg). The time interval from the
47、time of ef-fective ignition until the heat release rate of the fire is 1000 Btu/sec (1055 kW).3.3.8 Plugholing. The condition where air from below thesmoke layer is pulled through the smoke layer into the smokeexhaust due to a high exhaust rate.3.3.9* Plume. A column of smoke that rises above a fire
48、.3.3.9.1* Axisymmetric Plume. A plume that rises above afire, does not come into contact with walls or other ob-stacles, and is not disrupted or deflected by airflow.3.3.9.2* Balcony Spill Plume. A smoke plume that origi-nates from a compartment fire, flows out the doorway,flows under a balcony, and
49、 flows upward after passing thebalcony edge.3.3.9.3* Window Plume. A plume that flows out of an open-ing to a room or other compartment that is involved in aventilation limited fire.3.3.10 Pressurized Stairwells. A type of containment smokecontrol system in which stair shafts are mechanically pressur-ized, with respect to the fire area, with outdoor air to keepsmoke from contaminating them during a fire incident.3.3.11 Registered Design Professional (RDP). An individualwho is registered or licensed to practice their respective de-sign profession
