TIA-329 1-D-2009 Minimum Standards for Communications Antennas Base Station Antennas《通信天线及基站天线的最低标准》.pdf

1、 TIA-329.1-D-2009 APPROVED: JANUARY 8, 2009 REAFFIRMED: AUGUST 15, 2013 TIA-329.1-D January 2009Minimum Standards for Communications Antennas, Base Station Antennas NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings betwe

2、en manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any

3、 member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications. Neither shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by Non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. Standards and Publications ar

4、e adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to add

5、ress all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Project No. 3-4543

6、-RV4-RF1, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-8 Mobile and Personal Private Radio Standards, TR-8.11 Subcommittee on Antenna Systems). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Technology (b) there is no assurance that the Document will be approved by any Committee of TIA or any

7、 other body in its present or any other form; (c) the Document may be amended, modified or changed in the standards development or any editing process. The use or practice of contents of this Document may involve the use of intellectual property rights (“IPR”), including pending or issued patents, o

8、r copyrights, owned by one or more parties. TIA makes no search or investigation for IPR. When IPR consisting of patents and published pending patent applications are claimed and called to TIAs attention, a statement from the holder thereof is requested, all in accordance with the Manual. TIA takes

9、no position with reference to, and disclaims any obligation to investigate or inquire into, the scope or validity of any claims of IPR. TIA will neither be a party to discussions of any licensing terms or conditions, which are instead left to the parties involved, nor will TIA opine or judge whether

10、 proposed licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. TIA does not warrant or represent that procedures or practices suggested or provided in the Manual have been complied with as respects the Document or its contents. If the Document contains one or more Normative References

11、 to a document published by another organization (“other SSO”) engaged in the formulation, development or publication of standards (whether designated as a standard, specification, recommendation or otherwise), whether such reference consists of mandatory, alternate or optional elements (as defined

12、in the TIA Engineering Manual, 4thedition) then (i) TIA disclaims any duty or obligation to search or investigate the records of any other SSO for IPR or letters of assurance relating to any such Normative Reference; (ii) TIAs policy of encouragement of voluntary disclosure (see Engineering Manual S

13、ection 6.5.1) of Essential Patent(s) and published pending patent applications shall apply; and (iii) Information as to claims of IPR in the records or publications of the other SSO shall not constitute identification to TIA of a claim of Essential Patent(s) or published pending patent applications.

14、 TIA does not enforce or monitor compliance with the contents of the Document. TIA does not certify, inspect, test or otherwise investigate products, designs or services or any claims of compliance with the contents of the Document. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHO

15、UT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NONINFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTYS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. TIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE AC

16、CURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION, OR THE SAFETY OR HEALTH EFFECTS OF THE CONTENTS OR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFERRED TO IN THE DOCUMENT OR PRODUCED OR RENDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE CONTEN

17、TS. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LIT

18、IGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE C

19、ONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-329.1-D i TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . v Intellectual property rights . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Objective . 1 3 Standard references and test conditions . 1 3.1 Standard impedance . 1 3.2 Gain standards below 1 GHz . 2 3.2.1 Standard gain uni

20、t below 1 GHz . 2 3.2.2 Gain standard antenna below 1 GHz 2 3.3 Gain standards 1 GHz and above . 5 3.3.1 Standard gain unit 1 GHz and above 5 3.3.2 Gain standard antenna 1 GHz and above. 5 3.4 Antenna test site 9 3.4.1 Effective antenna volume 9 3.4.2 Source antenna 9 3.4.3 Antenna test range . 9 3.

21、5 Ambient conditions 9 3.5.1 Ambient weather . 9 3.5.2 Ambient RF noise level . 9 3.6 Polarization 9 3.6.1 Linear . 10 3.6.2 Circular. 10 3.6.3 Orthogonal . 10 3.7 Omnidirectional antenna 10 3.8 Bandwidth 10 3.8.1 Instantaneous 10 3.8.2 Tunable . 10 3.9 Directional antenna 10 3.10 Elevation beam til

22、t . 11 3.11 Smart antenna . 11 3.12 Orthogonally polarized diversity antenna . 11 3.13 Scale model measurements 11 3.13.1 Scale ratio . 12 3.13.2 Linear accuracy 12 3.13.4 Supporting Tower . 12 4 Electrical standards . 12 TIA-329.1-Dii 4.1 Voltage standing wave ratio 12 4.1.1 Method of measurement .

23、 13 4.1.2 Test site 13 4.1.3 Effect of supporting structure 13 4.1.4 Presentation of results 13 4.1.5 Minimum VSWR standard . 14 4.2 Antenna impedance . 14 4.2.1 Impedance measurement procedure 14 4.2.2 Test site 14 4.2.3 Presentation of results 14 4.3 Radiation pattern . 14 4.3.1 Method of measurem

24、ent . 14 4.3.2 Test ranges and chambers . 15 4.3.3 Test procedure 15 4.3.3.1 Horizontal pattern 15 4.3.3.2 Vertical pattern 15 4.3.3.3 Circular pattern 15 4.3.4 Test conditions 15 4.3.4.1 Far field range . 16 4.3.4.2 Near field range . 16 4.3.4.3 Signal detector. 16 4.3.4.4 Signal source . 16 4.3.5

25、Presentation of results 16 4.4 Pattern circularity . 17 4.4.1 Method of measurement . 17 4.4.2 Presentation of results 17 4.4.3 Minimum circularity standard 17 4.5 Azimuth (horizontal) beamwidth 17 4.5.1 Method of measurement . 17 4.5.2 Presentation of results 17 4.5.3 Minimum directional standard .

26、 17 4.6 Elevation (vertical) beamwidth . 17 4.6.1 Method of measurement . 18 4.6.2 Presentation of results 18 4.7 Elevation beam tilt . 18 4.7.1 Method of measurement . 18 4.7.2 Presentation of results 18 4.8 Antenna gain . 18 4.8.1 Method of measurement . 18 4.8.1.1 Test range . 18 4.8.1.2 Test pro

27、cedure 18 4.8.2 Presentation of results 20 4.9 Null fill 20 TIA-329.1-D iii 4.9.1 Method of measurement . 20 4.9.2 Presentation of results 21 4.10 Upper sidelobe level 21 4.10.1 Method of measurement . 21 4.10.2 Presentation of results 21 4.11 Front-to-back ratio . 21 4.11.1 Method of measurement .

28、21 4.11.2 Presentation of results 21 4.12 Port-to-port isolation 21 4.12.1 Method of measurement . 22 4.12.2 Presentation of results 22 4.13 Pattern tracking . 22 4.13.1 Method of measurement . 22 4.13.2 Presentation of results 22 4.14 Polarization quality ratio 22 4.14.1 Method of measurement . 22

29、4.14.2 Presentation of results 23 4.15 Axial ratio . 23 4.15.1 Method of measurement 23 4.15.2 Presentation of results . 23 4.16 Intermodulation (IM) products 23 4.16.1 Method of measurement . 24 4.16.2 Presentation of results 24 4.17 Antenna power rating 24 4.17.1 Method of determination . 24 4.17.

30、2 Presentation of results 24 4.17.3 Maximum power rating standard . 25 4.18 Antenna voltage rating . 25 4.18.1 Voltage rating test procedure 25 4.18.2 Presentation of results 25 4.18.3 Maximum voltage rating standard . 25 5 Structural standards . 25 5.1 Factor of safety 25 5.1.1 Method of determinat

31、ion . 25 5.1.2 Minimum factor of safety standard 25 5.2 Materials and dimensions 26 5.2.1 Dimensions 26 TIA-329.1-Div 5.3 Wind loading 26 5.3.1 Method of determination . 26 5.3.2 Wind load to support structures 27 5.4 Deflection 29 5.4.1 Method of determination . 29 5.4.2 Presentation of results 29

32、5.5 Galvanic corrosion . 29 5.5.1 Recommended practice 29 5.6 Resistance to weathering, fatigue, and cold flow . 29 5.6.1 Recommended practice 29 Annex A (normative) . 31 Annex B (informative) . 32 Annex C (informative) Radial Ice Calculations 33 Annex D (normative) Standard Gain Antenna Constructio

33、n Drawings . 35 TIA-329.1-D v Foreword This Standard was prepared by TIA Working Group WG-8.11.1 and was approved by TIA Engineering Subcommittee TR-8.11. This Standard supersedes Standard ANSI/TIA/EIA-329-C. A significant technical change since the “C” issue expands and corrects the mechanical spec

34、ifications section and adds Annex D, PDF scans of the construction drawings for Standard Gain Reference Antennas referred to in this publication. These drawings were originally drafted in the 1980s and re-drafted in electronic form in the 1990s by the Antenna Specialists Co. in English units of meas

35、ure. The original drawings and files have been lost so there are no metric equivalents shown. A companion document on mobile antennas is TIA-329.2-D. Annexes B and C are informative and are not considered part of this Standard. (This foreword is not part of this Standard.) TIA-329.1-Dvi Intellectual

36、 property rights NOTE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this Standard may require use of an invention covered by patent rights. By publication of this Standard, no position is taken with respect to the scope or validity of such patent claims or of any patent righ

37、ts in connection therewith. TIA-329.1-D1 MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR BASE STATION COMMUNICATION ANTENNAS 1 Scope The test conditions, and methods of measurement of base or fixed station antennas in the Land-Mobile Services are presented for establishing conformance to the performance requirements. The sup

38、plementary terms and definitions and the conditions of measurement set forth in this Standard are intended for typical tests and may be used also for acceptance tests. For the purpose of this Standard, an antenna is defined as a device for coupling a transmission line to space for the purpose of rad

39、iating or receiving electromagnetic waves. It includes any matching, balancing, phasing or other coupling devices up to the point of connection of the transmission line. Base or fixed station antennas are electromagnetic radiators or combinations thereof in arrays used for the mobile communication s

40、ervices at the base station or fixed station. 2 2 Objective The objective of this Standard is to define terms and conditions of measurement used to ascertain the performance of antennas within the scope of this Standard and to make possible a comparison of the results of measurements made by differe

41、nt observers on different equipment. This Standard deals only with antennas for use in the frequency range 25 MHz to 8 GHz. Terminology used generally conforms to that in IEC or IEEE publications 1,2 on antennas. Other definitions will be found in Section 3 of this Standard. 3 Standard references an

42、d test conditions Standard references and test conditions shall apply to an antenna while it is being tested for performance requirements. The following conditions apply unless otherwise specified. 3.1 Standard impedance The characteristic impedance of the transmission lines and test equipment shall

43、 be 50 ohms 5%. TIA-329.1-D2 3.2 Gain standards below 1 GHz 3.2.1 Standard gain unit below 1 GHz The gain of a theoretical (lossless) half-wave dipole shall be used as the standard gain unit. The gain of the standard gain antenna in the plane perpendicular to its axis is therefore zero dBd. The gain

44、 of an antenna (see 4.8) shall be expressed in dB over that of a theoretical (lossless) half-wave dipole in dBd. A half wavelength dipole is one whose electrical length is half a wavelength and is formed by a straight metallic radiator, one-half wavelength long, whose diameter is small compared to i

45、ts length. It is so energized that the current has two nodes, one at each end, producing maximum radiation in the plane normal to its axis. 3.2.2 Gain standard antenna below 1 GHz For specific frequency bands below 1 GHz, the configuration of the standard antenna is shown in Figure 1. It consists of

46、 two parallel half-wave dipoles connected in parallel by two symmetrical sections of balanced open wire line 4 as shown. The dipoles are one-half wavelength apart, and are located one quarter-wavelength away from a conducting ground screen one wavelength by one wavelength in size. There shall be one

47、 standard antenna for each of the bands noted. Table 1 gives the dimensions for each antenna. The gains of these standard antennas, were confirmed by measurements reported in the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 5. It should be noted that standard antenna dimensions defined in the predecess

48、or standard are valid and may be used for their specified frequency bands. The use of pyramidal waveguide horns for antenna transfer standards below 1 GHz, as described below, may be employed when deemed practical for the specific application. Annex D contains the PDF construction drawings scanned f

49、rom full-size copies. TIA-329.1-D3 Figure 1 - Gain standard antenna N O T E S 1. i s t he w av el en g t h o f t he cen t er f r e q ue ncy o f a g i v en ba nd , na m el y , 16 0, 21 9, 42 8, 4 81 , 80 7 . 5, an d 89 2 M H z . Fo r di m en si on s o f A , B , an d C ( see T ab l e 1) . “ A ” O . D . 50 C oa x i a l l i ne sl ott ed di a m et r i cal l y S pl i t t ub e Bal un 3 T y pe “ N ” C on ne c t or on ba c k o f scr ee n “ B ” O . D . “ C ” C en t er t o cen t e r “ B ” O . D . A l umin um sc r ee n ( op en i ng l ess t ha n M ou ntin g C ha nn el