1、 TIA-329.1-D-2009 APPROVED: JANUARY 8, 2009 REAFFIRMED: AUGUST 15, 2013 TIA-329.1-D January 2009Minimum Standards for Communications Antennas, Base Station Antennas NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings betwe
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4、e adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to add
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19、ONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-329.1-D i TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . v Intellectual property rights . vi 1 Scope 1 2 Objective . 1 3 Standard references and test conditions . 1 3.1 Standard impedance . 1 3.2 Gain standards below 1 GHz . 2 3.2.1 Standard gain uni
20、t below 1 GHz . 2 3.2.2 Gain standard antenna below 1 GHz 2 3.3 Gain standards 1 GHz and above . 5 3.3.1 Standard gain unit 1 GHz and above 5 3.3.2 Gain standard antenna 1 GHz and above. 5 3.4 Antenna test site 9 3.4.1 Effective antenna volume 9 3.4.2 Source antenna 9 3.4.3 Antenna test range . 9 3.
21、5 Ambient conditions 9 3.5.1 Ambient weather . 9 3.5.2 Ambient RF noise level . 9 3.6 Polarization 9 3.6.1 Linear . 10 3.6.2 Circular. 10 3.6.3 Orthogonal . 10 3.7 Omnidirectional antenna 10 3.8 Bandwidth 10 3.8.1 Instantaneous 10 3.8.2 Tunable . 10 3.9 Directional antenna 10 3.10 Elevation beam til
22、t . 11 3.11 Smart antenna . 11 3.12 Orthogonally polarized diversity antenna . 11 3.13 Scale model measurements 11 3.13.1 Scale ratio . 12 3.13.2 Linear accuracy 12 3.13.4 Supporting Tower . 12 4 Electrical standards . 12 TIA-329.1-Dii 4.1 Voltage standing wave ratio 12 4.1.1 Method of measurement .
23、 13 4.1.2 Test site 13 4.1.3 Effect of supporting structure 13 4.1.4 Presentation of results 13 4.1.5 Minimum VSWR standard . 14 4.2 Antenna impedance . 14 4.2.1 Impedance measurement procedure 14 4.2.2 Test site 14 4.2.3 Presentation of results 14 4.3 Radiation pattern . 14 4.3.1 Method of measurem
24、ent . 14 4.3.2 Test ranges and chambers . 15 4.3.3 Test procedure 15 4.3.3.1 Horizontal pattern 15 4.3.3.2 Vertical pattern 15 4.3.3.3 Circular pattern 15 4.3.4 Test conditions 15 4.3.4.1 Far field range . 16 4.3.4.2 Near field range . 16 4.3.4.3 Signal detector. 16 4.3.4.4 Signal source . 16 4.3.5
25、Presentation of results 16 4.4 Pattern circularity . 17 4.4.1 Method of measurement . 17 4.4.2 Presentation of results 17 4.4.3 Minimum circularity standard 17 4.5 Azimuth (horizontal) beamwidth 17 4.5.1 Method of measurement . 17 4.5.2 Presentation of results 17 4.5.3 Minimum directional standard .
26、 17 4.6 Elevation (vertical) beamwidth . 17 4.6.1 Method of measurement . 18 4.6.2 Presentation of results 18 4.7 Elevation beam tilt . 18 4.7.1 Method of measurement . 18 4.7.2 Presentation of results 18 4.8 Antenna gain . 18 4.8.1 Method of measurement . 18 4.8.1.1 Test range . 18 4.8.1.2 Test pro
27、cedure 18 4.8.2 Presentation of results 20 4.9 Null fill 20 TIA-329.1-D iii 4.9.1 Method of measurement . 20 4.9.2 Presentation of results 21 4.10 Upper sidelobe level 21 4.10.1 Method of measurement . 21 4.10.2 Presentation of results 21 4.11 Front-to-back ratio . 21 4.11.1 Method of measurement .
28、21 4.11.2 Presentation of results 21 4.12 Port-to-port isolation 21 4.12.1 Method of measurement . 22 4.12.2 Presentation of results 22 4.13 Pattern tracking . 22 4.13.1 Method of measurement . 22 4.13.2 Presentation of results 22 4.14 Polarization quality ratio 22 4.14.1 Method of measurement . 22
29、4.14.2 Presentation of results 23 4.15 Axial ratio . 23 4.15.1 Method of measurement 23 4.15.2 Presentation of results . 23 4.16 Intermodulation (IM) products 23 4.16.1 Method of measurement . 24 4.16.2 Presentation of results 24 4.17 Antenna power rating 24 4.17.1 Method of determination . 24 4.17.
30、2 Presentation of results 24 4.17.3 Maximum power rating standard . 25 4.18 Antenna voltage rating . 25 4.18.1 Voltage rating test procedure 25 4.18.2 Presentation of results 25 4.18.3 Maximum voltage rating standard . 25 5 Structural standards . 25 5.1 Factor of safety 25 5.1.1 Method of determinat
31、ion . 25 5.1.2 Minimum factor of safety standard 25 5.2 Materials and dimensions 26 5.2.1 Dimensions 26 TIA-329.1-Div 5.3 Wind loading 26 5.3.1 Method of determination . 26 5.3.2 Wind load to support structures 27 5.4 Deflection 29 5.4.1 Method of determination . 29 5.4.2 Presentation of results 29
32、5.5 Galvanic corrosion . 29 5.5.1 Recommended practice 29 5.6 Resistance to weathering, fatigue, and cold flow . 29 5.6.1 Recommended practice 29 Annex A (normative) . 31 Annex B (informative) . 32 Annex C (informative) Radial Ice Calculations 33 Annex D (normative) Standard Gain Antenna Constructio
33、n Drawings . 35 TIA-329.1-D v Foreword This Standard was prepared by TIA Working Group WG-8.11.1 and was approved by TIA Engineering Subcommittee TR-8.11. This Standard supersedes Standard ANSI/TIA/EIA-329-C. A significant technical change since the “C” issue expands and corrects the mechanical spec
34、ifications section and adds Annex D, PDF scans of the construction drawings for Standard Gain Reference Antennas referred to in this publication. These drawings were originally drafted in the 1980s and re-drafted in electronic form in the 1990s by the Antenna Specialists Co. in English units of meas
35、ure. The original drawings and files have been lost so there are no metric equivalents shown. A companion document on mobile antennas is TIA-329.2-D. Annexes B and C are informative and are not considered part of this Standard. (This foreword is not part of this Standard.) TIA-329.1-Dvi Intellectual
36、 property rights NOTE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with this Standard may require use of an invention covered by patent rights. By publication of this Standard, no position is taken with respect to the scope or validity of such patent claims or of any patent righ
37、ts in connection therewith. TIA-329.1-D1 MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR BASE STATION COMMUNICATION ANTENNAS 1 Scope The test conditions, and methods of measurement of base or fixed station antennas in the Land-Mobile Services are presented for establishing conformance to the performance requirements. The sup
38、plementary terms and definitions and the conditions of measurement set forth in this Standard are intended for typical tests and may be used also for acceptance tests. For the purpose of this Standard, an antenna is defined as a device for coupling a transmission line to space for the purpose of rad
39、iating or receiving electromagnetic waves. It includes any matching, balancing, phasing or other coupling devices up to the point of connection of the transmission line. Base or fixed station antennas are electromagnetic radiators or combinations thereof in arrays used for the mobile communication s
40、ervices at the base station or fixed station. 2 2 Objective The objective of this Standard is to define terms and conditions of measurement used to ascertain the performance of antennas within the scope of this Standard and to make possible a comparison of the results of measurements made by differe
41、nt observers on different equipment. This Standard deals only with antennas for use in the frequency range 25 MHz to 8 GHz. Terminology used generally conforms to that in IEC or IEEE publications 1,2 on antennas. Other definitions will be found in Section 3 of this Standard. 3 Standard references an
42、d test conditions Standard references and test conditions shall apply to an antenna while it is being tested for performance requirements. The following conditions apply unless otherwise specified. 3.1 Standard impedance The characteristic impedance of the transmission lines and test equipment shall
43、 be 50 ohms 5%. TIA-329.1-D2 3.2 Gain standards below 1 GHz 3.2.1 Standard gain unit below 1 GHz The gain of a theoretical (lossless) half-wave dipole shall be used as the standard gain unit. The gain of the standard gain antenna in the plane perpendicular to its axis is therefore zero dBd. The gain
44、 of an antenna (see 4.8) shall be expressed in dB over that of a theoretical (lossless) half-wave dipole in dBd. A half wavelength dipole is one whose electrical length is half a wavelength and is formed by a straight metallic radiator, one-half wavelength long, whose diameter is small compared to i
45、ts length. It is so energized that the current has two nodes, one at each end, producing maximum radiation in the plane normal to its axis. 3.2.2 Gain standard antenna below 1 GHz For specific frequency bands below 1 GHz, the configuration of the standard antenna is shown in Figure 1. It consists of
46、 two parallel half-wave dipoles connected in parallel by two symmetrical sections of balanced open wire line 4 as shown. The dipoles are one-half wavelength apart, and are located one quarter-wavelength away from a conducting ground screen one wavelength by one wavelength in size. There shall be one
47、 standard antenna for each of the bands noted. Table 1 gives the dimensions for each antenna. The gains of these standard antennas, were confirmed by measurements reported in the IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 5. It should be noted that standard antenna dimensions defined in the predecess
48、or standard are valid and may be used for their specified frequency bands. The use of pyramidal waveguide horns for antenna transfer standards below 1 GHz, as described below, may be employed when deemed practical for the specific application. Annex D contains the PDF construction drawings scanned f
49、rom full-size copies. TIA-329.1-D3 Figure 1 - Gain standard antenna N O T E S 1. i s t he w av el en g t h o f t he cen t er f r e q ue ncy o f a g i v en ba nd , na m el y , 16 0, 21 9, 42 8, 4 81 , 80 7 . 5, an d 89 2 M H z . Fo r di m en si on s o f A , B , an d C ( see T ab l e 1) . “ A ” O . D . 50 C oa x i a l l i ne sl ott ed di a m et r i cal l y S pl i t t ub e Bal un 3 T y pe “ N ” C on ne c t or on ba c k o f scr ee n “ B ” O . D . “ C ” C en t er t o cen t e r “ B ” O . D . A l umin um sc r ee n ( op en i ng l ess t ha n M ou ntin g C ha nn el
