IEC 60193-1999 Hydraulic turbines storage pumps and pump-turbines - Model acceptance tests《水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机 模型验收试验》.pdf

1、NORME INTERNATIONALE CEI IEC INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 60193 Deuximedition Secondedition 199911 Turbineshydrauliques,pompesdaccumulation etpompesturbines Essaisderceptionsurmodle Hydraulicturbines,storagepumps andpumpturbines Modelacceptancetests Numroderfrence Referencenumber CEI/IEC60193:1999Numrosde

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10、logue)* IECBulletin AvailablebothattheIECwebsite*and asaprintedperiodical Terminology,graphicalandletter symbols Forgeneralterminology,readersarereferredto IEC60050:InternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary (IEV). Forgraphicalsymbols,andlettersymbolsandsigns approvedbytheIECforgeneraluse,readersare re

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12、ximedition Secondedition 199911 Turbineshydrauliques,pompesdaccumulation etpompesturbines Essaisderceptionsurmodle Hydraulicturbines,storagepumps andpumpturbines Modelacceptancetests Commission Electrotechnique Internationale InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission Pourprix,voircatalogueenvigueur Fo

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15、ECODE XL- 2 - 60193CEI:1999 SOMMAIRE Pages AVANTPROPOS . 10 Articles 1 Rglesgnrales . 12 1.1 Domainedapplicationetobjet. 12 1.1.1 Domainedapplication . 12 1.1.2 Objet. 12 1.2 Rfrencesnormatives . 14 1.3 Terminologie,dfinitions,symbolesetunits. 16 1.3.1 Gnralits . 16 1.3.2 Units . 18 1.3.3 Listedeste

16、rmes,dfinitions,symbolesetunits 20 1.4 Natureettenduedesgarantiesrelativesaufonctionnementhydraulique 58 1.4.1 Gnralits . 58 1.4.2 Garantiesprincipalesdeperformanceshydrauliquesvrifiables parunessaisurmodle . 60 1.4.3 Garantiesnonvrifiablespardesessaissurmodle 66 1.4.4 Donnescomplmentairesdefonction

17、nement. 66 2 Excutiondesessais 68 2.1 Exigencesimposeslinstallationdessaisetaumodle . 68 2.1.1 Choixdulaboratoire 68 2.1.2 Installationdessais . 68 2.1.3 Exigencesconcernantlemodle . 70 2.2 Contrledimensionneldumodleetduprototype 74 2.2.1 Gnralits . 74 2.2.2 Dimensionscontrlersurlemodleetleprototype

18、 . 94 2.2.3 Ondulationetrugositdesurface .110 2.3 Similitudehydraulique,conditionsdessaietmodalitsdexcutiondesessais118 2.3.1 Similitudehydraulique 118 2.3.2 Conditionsdessai 132 2.3.3 Modalitsdexcutiondesessais138 2.4 Introductionauxmthodesdemesure 160 2.4.1 Mesuresliesauxgarantiesprincipalesdeperf

19、ormanceshydrauliques 160 2.4.2 Mesuresliesdesdonnescomplmentaires 164 2.4.3 Acquisitionettraitementdesdonnes.164 2.5 Propritsphysiques164 2.5.1 Gnralits 164 2.5.2 Acclrationduelapesanteur164 2.5.3 Propritsphysiquesdeleau .166 2.5.4 Propritsphysiquesdelatmosphre.176 2.5.5 Massevolumiquedumercure .178

20、60193IEC:1999 3 CONTENTS Page FOREWORD 11 Clause 1 Generalrules . 13 1.1 Scopeandobject 13 1.1.1 Scope 13 1.1.2 Object 13 1.2 Normativereferences 15 1.3 Terms,definitions,symbolsandunits 17 1.3.1 General . 17 1.3.2 Units . 19 1.3.3 Listofterms,definitions,symbolsandunits . 21 1.4 Natureandextentofgu

21、aranteesrelatedtohydraulicperformance. 59 1.4.1 General . 59 1.4.2 Mainhydraulicperformanceguaranteesverifiablebymodeltest 61 1.4.3 Guaranteesnotverifiablebymodeltest . 67 1.4.4 Additionalperformancedata 67 2 Executionoftests 69 2.1 Requirementsoftestinstallationandmodel. 69 2.1.1 Choiceoflaboratory

22、 69 2.1.2 Testinstallation. 69 2.1.3 Modelrequirements. 71 2.2 Dimensionalcheckofmodelandprototype 75 2.2.1 General. 75 2.2.2 Dimensionsofmodelandprototypetobechecked. 95 2.2.3 Surfacewavinessandroughness111 2.3 Hydraulicsimilitude,testconditionsandtestprocedures.119 2.3.1 Hydraulicsimilitude 119 2.

23、3.2 Testconditions.133 2.3.3 Testprocedures .139 2.4 Introductiontothemethodsofmeasurement 161 2.4.1 Measurementsrelatedtothemainhydraulicperformanceguarantees.161 2.4.2 Measurementsrelatedtoadditionaldata.165 2.4.3 Acquisitionandprocessingofdata .165 2.5 Physicalproperties.165 2.5.1 General165 2.5.

24、2 Accelerationduetogravity .165 2.5.3 Physicalpropertiesofwater167 2.5.4 Physicalconditionsofatmosphere177 2.5.5 Densityofmercury .179- 4 - 60193CEI:1999 Articles Pages 3 Performanceshydrauliquesprincipales:mthodesdemesurageetrsultats180 3.1 Acquisitionettraitementdesdonnes 180 3.1.1 Introductionetd

25、finitions .180 3.1.2 Spcificationsgnrales.180 3.1.3 Acquisitiondesdonnes.184 3.1.4 Spcificationdescomposants 186 3.1.5 Contrledusystmedacquisitiondesdonnes 192 3.2 Mesuragedudbit .196 3.2.1 Gnralits 196 3.2.2 Mthodesprimaires200 3.2.3 Mthodessecondaires208 3.3 Mesuragedelapression 214 3.3.1 Gnralits

26、 214 3.3.2 Choixdelasectiondemesuredelapression .214 3.3.3 Prisesdepressionettuyauteriesdeliaison 216 3.3.4 Appareillagedemesuredelapression .222 3.3.5 Etalonnagedesappareilsdemesuredepression .236 3.3.6 Mesuresdevide.236 3.3.7 Incertitudesurlesmesuresdepression238 3.4 Mesurageduniveaulibre 238 3.4.

27、1 Gnralits 238 3.4.2 Choixdessectionsdemesurageduniveaulibre.238 3.4.3 Nombredespointsdemesuragedansunesection .238 3.4.4 Appareillagedemesure240 3.4.5 Incertitudessurlesmesuresdeniveaulibre .244 3.5 DterminationdeEetNPSE 244 3.5.1 Gnralits 244 3.5.2 DterminationdelnergiehydrauliquemassiqueE 246 3.5

28、3 FormulessimplifiespourE .250 3.5.4 DterminationdelnergiemassiquenettelaspirationNPSE .260 3.6 Mesurageducouplesurlarbre 270 3.6.1 Gnralits 270 3.6.2 Mthodesdemesurageducouple 270 3.6.3 Mthodespourabsorberoufournirlapuissance.272 3.6.4 Schmasdemontage.272 3.6.5 Contrledusystme.282 3.6.6 Etalonnage

29、282 3.6.7 Incertitudesurlamesureducouple 284 3.7 Mesuragedelavitessederotation .286 3.7.1 Gnralits 286 3.7.2 Mthodesdemesuragedelavitesse286 3.7.3 Contrle.286 3.7.4 Incertitudedemesure.28860193IEC:1999 5 Clause Page 3 Mainhydraulicperformances:methodsofmeasurementandresults181 3.1 Dataacquisitionan

30、ddataprocessing .181 3.1.1 Introductionanddefinitions.181 3.1.2 Generalrequirements.181 3.1.3 Dataacquisition .185 3.1.4 Componentrequirements .187 3.1.5 Checkofthedataacquisitionsystem193 3.2 Dischargemeasurement 197 3.2.1 General197 3.2.2 Primarymethods 201 3.2.3 Secondarymethods209 3.3 Pressureme

31、asurement 215 3.3.1 General215 3.3.2 Choiceofpressuremeasuringsection215 3.3.3 Pressuretapsandconnectinglines 217 3.3.4 Apparatusforpressuremeasurement.223 3.3.5 Calibrationofpressuremeasurementapparatus .237 3.3.6 Vacuummeasurements237 3.3.7 Uncertaintyinpressuremeasurements.239 3.4 Freewaterlevelm

32、easurement 239 3.4.1 General239 3.4.2 Choiceofwaterlevelmeasuringsections .239 3.4.3 Numberofmeasuringpointsinameasuringsection .239 3.4.4 Measuringapparatus241 3.4.5 Uncertaintyinfreewaterlevelmeasurement.245 3.5 DeterminationofEandNPSE 245 3.5.1 General245 3.5.2 Determinationofthespecifichydraulic

33、energyE.247 3.5.3 SimplifiedformulaeforE 251 3.5.4 DeterminationofthenetpositivesuctionspecificenergyNPSE 261 3.6 Shafttorquemeasurement .271 3.6.1 General271 3.6.2 Methodsoftorquemeasurement 271 3.6.3 Methodsofabsorbing/generatingpower273 3.6.4 Layoutofarrangement .273 3.6.5 Checkingofsystem 283 3.

34、6.6 Calibration283 3.6.7 Uncertaintyintorquemeasurement 285 3.7 Rotationalspeedmeasurement 287 3.7.1 General287 3.7.2 Methodsofspeedmeasurement.287 3.7.3 Checking287 3.7.4 Uncertaintyofmeasurement.289- 6 - 60193CEI:1999 Articles Pages 3.8 Calculdesrsultatsdessai288 3.8.1 Gnralits 288 3.8.2 Calculdel

35、apuissance,dudbitetdurendementdansledomaine garanti .298 3.8.3 Calculdelavitesseetdudbitdemballementstabilis 328 3.9 Analysedeserreurs .336 3.9.1 Principesdebase(voirISO5168) 336 3.9.2 Dterminationdesincertitudeslorsdesessaissurmodle340 3.10 Comparaisonauxgaranties350 3.10.1 Gnralits 350 3.10.2 Cour

36、bedinterpolationetbandedincertitudetotale .352 3.10.3 Puissance,dbitet/ounergiehydrauliquemassiqueetrendement dansledomainegaranti .354 3.10.4 Vitesseetdbitdemballement .362 3.10.5 Garantiesdecavitation.362 4 DonnescomplmentairesdefonctionnementMthodesdemesurageetrsultats .366 4.1 Introductionaumesu

37、ragedesdonnescomplmentaires .366 4.1.1 Gnralits 366 4.1.2 Conditionsdessaietmodeopratoire 368 4.1.3 Incertitudedemesure.368 4.1.4 Transpositiondumodleauprototype 368 4.2 Acquisitionettraitementdesdonnespourlemesuragedesgrandeurs fluctuantes .370 4.2.1 Gnralits 370 4.2.2 Acquisitiondesdonnes.372 4.2.

38、3 Traitementdesdonnes.376 4.3 Fluctuationsdepression 378 4.3.1 Gnralits 378 4.3.2 Recommandationsparticulirespourlemodleetlinstallation .386 4.3.3 Instrumentationettalonnage 388 4.3.4 Dtailsdeprocdure 390 4.3.5 Mesures.396 4.3.6 Analyse,prsentationetinterprtationdesrsultats .396 4.3.7 Transpositiona

39、uprototype .402 4.3.8 Incertitude408 4.4 Fluctuationsdecouplesurlarbre.410 4.4.1 Gnralits 410 4.4.2 Recommandationspourlesmesures 410 4.4.3 Analysedesrsultatsdessaissurmodle410 4.4.4 Transpositionauprototype .410 4.5 Poussesaxialeetradiale412 4.5.1 Gnralits 412 4.5.2 Pousseaxiale.414 4.5.3 Pousserad

40、iale .42460193IEC:1999 7 Clause Page 3.8 Computationoftestresults.289 3.8.1 General289 3.8.2 Computationofpower,dischargeandefficiencyintheguaranteerange299 3.8.3 Computationofsteadystaterunawayspeedanddischarge 329 3.9 Erroranalysis.337 3.9.1 Basicprinciples(seeISO5168)337 3.9.2 Determinationofunce

41、rtaintiesinmodeltests341 3.10 Comparisonwithguarantees 351 3.10.1 General351 3.10.2 Interpolationcurveandtotaluncertaintybandwidth .353 3.10.3 Power,dischargeand/orspecifichydraulicenergyandefficiencyinthe guaranteerange.355 3.10.4 Runawayspeedanddischarge .363 3.10.5 Cavitationguarantees.363 4 Addi

42、tionalperformancedataMethodsofmeasurementandresults .367 4.1 Introductiontoadditionaldatameasurement.367 4.1.1 General367 4.1.2 Testconditionsandtestprocedures .369 4.1.3 Uncertaintyinmeasurements .369 4.1.4 Modeltoprototypeconversion 369 4.2 Dataacquisitionandprocessingformeasurementoffluctuatingqu

43、antities .371 4.2.1 General371 4.2.2 Dataacquisition .373 4.2.3 Dataprocessing .377 4.3 Pressurefluctuations379 4.3.1 General379 4.3.2 Specialrequirementsformodelandinstallation 387 4.3.3 Instrumentationandcalibration.389 4.3.4 Detailedprocedures .391 4.3.5 Measurement .397 4.3.6 Analysis,presentati

44、onandinterpretationofresults .397 4.3.7 Transpositiontoprototype 403 4.3.8 Uncertainties409 4.4 Shafttorquefluctuations 411 4.4.1 General411 4.4.2 Recommendationsformeasurement 411 4.4.3 Analysisofmodeltestresults .411 4.4.4 Transpositiontoprototype 411 4.5 Axialandradialthrust.413 4.5.1 General413 4.5.2 Axialthrust.415 4.5.3 Radialthrust.425- 8 - 60193CEI:1999 Articles Pages 4.6 Effortshydrauliquessurlesorganesde