1、 IEC 61161 Edition 3.0 2013-01 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Ultrasonics Power measurement Radiation force balances and performance requirements Ultrasons Mesurage de puissance Balances de forces de rayonnement et exigences de fonctionnement IEC61161:2013 THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT
2、PROTECTED Copyright 2013 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or I
3、ECs member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. Droits de repro
4、duction rservs. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de la CEI ou du Comit national de la CEI du pays du
5、 demandeur. Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous dsirez obtenir des droits supplmentaires sur cette publication, utilisez les coordonnes ci-aprs ou contactez le Comit national de la CEI de votre pays de rsidence. IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 3, rue de Varemb
6、Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 CH-1211 Geneva 20 infoiec.ch Switzerland www.iec.ch About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. About IEC public
7、ations The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. Useful links: IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub The advanced search enables you to find I
8、EC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,). It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications. IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details all new publicat
9、ions released. Available on-line and also once a month by email. Electropedia - www.electropedia.org The worlds leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also kn
10、own as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line. Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csciec.ch. A propos de la CEI La Commission Electrotechni
11、que Internationale (CEI) est la premire organisation mondiale qui labore et publie des Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait llectricit, llectronique et aux technologies apparentes. A propos des publications CEI Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez
12、 vous assurer que vous possdez ldition la plus rcente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir t publi. Liens utiles: Recherche de publications CEI - www.iec.ch/searchpub La recherche avance vous permet de trouver des publications CEI en utilisant diffrents critres (numro de rfrence, texte, comit dt
13、udes,). Elle donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les publications remplaces ou retires. Just Published CEI - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Restez inform sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI. Just Published dtaille les nouvelles publications parues. Disponible en ligne et aussi une fo
14、is par mois par email. Electropedia - www.electropedia.org Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes lectroniques et lectriques. Il contient plus de 30 000 termes et dfinitions en anglais et en franais, ainsi que les termes quivalents dans les langues additionnelles. Egalement appel Vocabu
15、laire Electrotechnique International (VEI) en ligne. Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc Si vous dsirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous: csciec.ch. IEC 61161 Edition 3.0 2013-01 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Ultrasonics
16、Power measurement Radiation force balances and performance requirements Ultrasons Mesurage de puissance Balances de forces de rayonnement et exigences de fonctionnement INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE X ICS 17.140.50 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-
17、2-83220-617-1 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publicat
18、ion via un distributeur agr. 2 61161 IEC:2013 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 List of symbols . 9 5 Requirements for radiation force balances 9 5.1 General . 9 5.2 Target type 10 5.2.1 General . 10 5.2.2 Absorbing target 10
19、5.2.3 Reflecting target 10 5.3 Target diameter . 11 5.4 Balance/force measuring system . 11 5.5 System tank 11 5.6 Target support structures 11 5.7 Transducer positioning 11 5.8 Anti-streaming foils 11 5.9 Transducer coupling 12 5.10 Calibration . 12 6 Requirements for measuring conditions 12 6.1 La
20、teral target position 12 6.2 Transducer/target separation . 12 6.3 Water 12 6.4 Water contact 13 6.5 Environmental conditions 13 6.6 Thermal drifts 13 7 Measurement uncertainty . 13 7.1 General . 13 7.2 Balance system including target suspension 13 7.3 Linearity and resolution of the balance system
21、13 7.4 Extrapolation to the moment of switching the ultrasonic transducer . 14 7.5 Target imperfections 14 7.6 Reflecting target geometry 14 7.7 Lateral absorbers in the case of reflecting target measurements . 14 7.8 Target misalignment 14 7.9 Ultrasonic transducer misalignment . 14 7.10 Water temp
22、erature 14 7.11 Ultrasonic attenuation and acoustic streaming . 14 7.12 Foil properties . 14 7.13 Finite target size 15 7.14 Plane-wave assumption . 15 7.15 Scanning influence 15 7.16 Environmental influences 15 7.17 Excitation voltage measurement 15 7.18 Ultrasonic transducer temperature . 15 61161
23、 IEC:2013 3 7.19 Nonlinearity . 15 7.20 Acceleration due to gravity 15 7.21 Other sources 16 Annex A (informative) Additional information on various aspects of radiation force measurements 17 Annex B (informative) Basic formulae 30 Annex C (informative) Other methods of ultrasonic power measurement
24、36 Annex D (informative) Propagation medium and degassing 37 Annex E (informative) Radiation force measurement with diverging ultrasonic beams 38 Annex F (informative) Limitations associated with the balance arrangements . 42 Bibliography 46 Figure 1 Section through an absorbing target . 16 Figure 2
25、 Linearity check: balance readout as a function of the input quantity . 16 Figure E.1 Piston result (oscillating curve) for P/cF as a function of ka . 39 Figure E.2 P/cF as a function of ka for four different pseudo-trapezoidal amplitude distributions 39 Figure E.3 Ratio of the radiation conductance
26、 G as obtained using a convex-conical reflecting target to an absorbing target versus the value of ka 29 41 Figure F.1 Arrangement A 42 Figure F.2 Arrangement B, with convex-conical reflecting target 43 Figure F.3 Arrangement B, with absorbing target . 43 Figure F.4 Arrangement C, with absorbing tar
27、get . 43 Figure F.5 Arrangement E, with absorbing (a) or concave-conical reflecting (b) target . 43 Figure F.6 Arrangement F, with convex-conical reflecting target 44 Figure F.7 Arrangement F with absorbing target . 44 Table F.1 Advantages and disadvantages of different arrangements 45 4 61161 IEC:2
28、013 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ULTRASONICS POWER MEASUREMENT RADIATION FORCE BALANCES AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC
29、 National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
30、Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-go
31、vernmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IE
32、C on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are acce
33、pted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote internatio
34、nal uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the la
35、tter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users sho
36、uld ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other dam
37、age of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of
38、 the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent righ
39、ts. International Standard IEC 61161 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 87: Ultrasonics. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the
40、previous edition: whereas the second edition tacitly dealt with circular transducers only, the present edition as far as possible deals with both circular and rectangular transducers, including a number of symbols for rectangular transducers; attention is paid to focused cases and the influence of s
41、canning has been added; the method of calibrating the radiation force balance now depends on whether the set-up is used as a primary or as secondary measurement tool; Annex B (basic formulae) has been updated and in Annex C the buoyancy change method is mentioned (see also future IEC 62555). 61161 I
42、EC:2013 5 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 87/520/FDIS 87/528/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance wi
43、th the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. NOTE The following print types are used: Requirements: in Arial 10 point Notes: in Arial 8 point Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3 Symbols and formulae: Times New Roman + Italic. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will r
44、emain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 6 61161 IEC:2013 INTRODUCTION A number of mea
45、suring methods exist for the determination of the total emitted power of ultrasonic transducers (1, 2, 31, see also Annex C). The purpose of this International Standard is to establish standard methods of measurement of ultrasonic power in liquids in the lower megahertz frequency range based on the
46、measurement of the radiation force using a gravimetric balance. The great advantage of radiation force measurements is that a value for the total radiated power is obtained without the need to integrate field data over the cross-section of the radiated sound beam. This standard identifies the source
47、s of errors and describes a systematic step-by-step procedure to assess overall measurement uncertainty as well as the precautions that should be undertaken and uncertainties that should be taken into account while performing power measurements. Basic safety requirements for ultrasonic physiotherapy
48、 devices are identified in IEC 60601-2-5 and make reference to IEC 61689, which specifies the need for acoustic power measurements with an uncertainty better than 15 % at a level of confidence of 95 %. Considering the usual degradation of accuracy in the practical application of this standard, refer
49、ence measurement methods need to be established with uncertainties better than 7 %. Ultrasonic diagnostic device declaration requirements including acoustic power are specified in other IEC standards, as for example in IEC 61157. The measurement of acoustic power accurately and repeatably using a radiation force balance as defined in this standard is influenced by a number of practical problems. As
copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库（www.mydoc123.com）网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号：苏ICP备17064731号-1