1、 IEC 61161 Edition 3.0 2013-01 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Ultrasonics Power measurement Radiation force balances and performance requirements Ultrasons Mesurage de puissance Balances de forces de rayonnement et exigences de fonctionnement IEC61161:2013 THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT
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16、Power measurement Radiation force balances and performance requirements Ultrasons Mesurage de puissance Balances de forces de rayonnement et exigences de fonctionnement INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE X ICS 17.140.50 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-
17、2-83220-617-1 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publicat
18、ion via un distributeur agr. 2 61161 IEC:2013 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 List of symbols . 9 5 Requirements for radiation force balances 9 5.1 General . 9 5.2 Target type 10 5.2.1 General . 10 5.2.2 Absorbing target 10
19、5.2.3 Reflecting target 10 5.3 Target diameter . 11 5.4 Balance/force measuring system . 11 5.5 System tank 11 5.6 Target support structures 11 5.7 Transducer positioning 11 5.8 Anti-streaming foils 11 5.9 Transducer coupling 12 5.10 Calibration . 12 6 Requirements for measuring conditions 12 6.1 La
20、teral target position 12 6.2 Transducer/target separation . 12 6.3 Water 12 6.4 Water contact 13 6.5 Environmental conditions 13 6.6 Thermal drifts 13 7 Measurement uncertainty . 13 7.1 General . 13 7.2 Balance system including target suspension 13 7.3 Linearity and resolution of the balance system
21、13 7.4 Extrapolation to the moment of switching the ultrasonic transducer . 14 7.5 Target imperfections 14 7.6 Reflecting target geometry 14 7.7 Lateral absorbers in the case of reflecting target measurements . 14 7.8 Target misalignment 14 7.9 Ultrasonic transducer misalignment . 14 7.10 Water temp
22、erature 14 7.11 Ultrasonic attenuation and acoustic streaming . 14 7.12 Foil properties . 14 7.13 Finite target size 15 7.14 Plane-wave assumption . 15 7.15 Scanning influence 15 7.16 Environmental influences 15 7.17 Excitation voltage measurement 15 7.18 Ultrasonic transducer temperature . 15 61161
23、 IEC:2013 3 7.19 Nonlinearity . 15 7.20 Acceleration due to gravity 15 7.21 Other sources 16 Annex A (informative) Additional information on various aspects of radiation force measurements 17 Annex B (informative) Basic formulae 30 Annex C (informative) Other methods of ultrasonic power measurement
24、36 Annex D (informative) Propagation medium and degassing 37 Annex E (informative) Radiation force measurement with diverging ultrasonic beams 38 Annex F (informative) Limitations associated with the balance arrangements . 42 Bibliography 46 Figure 1 Section through an absorbing target . 16 Figure 2
25、 Linearity check: balance readout as a function of the input quantity . 16 Figure E.1 Piston result (oscillating curve) for P/cF as a function of ka . 39 Figure E.2 P/cF as a function of ka for four different pseudo-trapezoidal amplitude distributions 39 Figure E.3 Ratio of the radiation conductance
26、 G as obtained using a convex-conical reflecting target to an absorbing target versus the value of ka 29 41 Figure F.1 Arrangement A 42 Figure F.2 Arrangement B, with convex-conical reflecting target 43 Figure F.3 Arrangement B, with absorbing target . 43 Figure F.4 Arrangement C, with absorbing tar
27、get . 43 Figure F.5 Arrangement E, with absorbing (a) or concave-conical reflecting (b) target . 43 Figure F.6 Arrangement F, with convex-conical reflecting target 44 Figure F.7 Arrangement F with absorbing target . 44 Table F.1 Advantages and disadvantages of different arrangements 45 4 61161 IEC:2
28、013 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ULTRASONICS POWER MEASUREMENT RADIATION FORCE BALANCES AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC
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39、ts. International Standard IEC 61161 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 87: Ultrasonics. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the
40、previous edition: whereas the second edition tacitly dealt with circular transducers only, the present edition as far as possible deals with both circular and rectangular transducers, including a number of symbols for rectangular transducers; attention is paid to focused cases and the influence of s
41、canning has been added; the method of calibrating the radiation force balance now depends on whether the set-up is used as a primary or as secondary measurement tool; Annex B (basic formulae) has been updated and in Annex C the buoyancy change method is mentioned (see also future IEC 62555). 61161 I
42、EC:2013 5 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 87/520/FDIS 87/528/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance wi
43、th the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. NOTE The following print types are used: Requirements: in Arial 10 point Notes: in Arial 8 point Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3 Symbols and formulae: Times New Roman + Italic. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will r
44、emain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 6 61161 IEC:2013 INTRODUCTION A number of mea
45、suring methods exist for the determination of the total emitted power of ultrasonic transducers (1, 2, 31, see also Annex C). The purpose of this International Standard is to establish standard methods of measurement of ultrasonic power in liquids in the lower megahertz frequency range based on the
46、measurement of the radiation force using a gravimetric balance. The great advantage of radiation force measurements is that a value for the total radiated power is obtained without the need to integrate field data over the cross-section of the radiated sound beam. This standard identifies the source
47、s of errors and describes a systematic step-by-step procedure to assess overall measurement uncertainty as well as the precautions that should be undertaken and uncertainties that should be taken into account while performing power measurements. Basic safety requirements for ultrasonic physiotherapy
48、 devices are identified in IEC 60601-2-5 and make reference to IEC 61689, which specifies the need for acoustic power measurements with an uncertainty better than 15 % at a level of confidence of 95 %. Considering the usual degradation of accuracy in the practical application of this standard, refer
49、ence measurement methods need to be established with uncertainties better than 7 %. Ultrasonic diagnostic device declaration requirements including acoustic power are specified in other IEC standards, as for example in IEC 61157. The measurement of acoustic power accurately and repeatably using a radiation force balance as defined in this standard is influenced by a number of practical problems. As
