1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.1890(04/2011)Intelligent transport systems Guidelines and objectivesM SeriesMobile, radiodetermination, amateurand related satellite servicesii Rec. ITU-R M.1890 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical
2、use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World
3、and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for
4、the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of
5、 ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodeterminati
6、on, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite
7、 news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2011 ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publicatio
8、n may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.1890 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1890 Intelligent transport systems Guidelines and objectives (Question ITU-R 205-4/5) (2011) Scope This Recommendation provides the guidelines for radio interface requirements
9、of intelligent transport systems (ITS). ITS utilize a combination of technologies such as computers, telecommunications, positioning, and automation to improve the safety, management, efficiency, usability and environmental sustainability of terrestrial transportation systems. Technical and/or opera
10、tional requirements for the various radio systems referred to in the Annex as options or examples are outside the scope of this Recommendation. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that there is a need to integrate various technologies including radiocommunications into land transport
11、ation systems; b) that many new land transportation systems use intelligence in land vehicles coupled with advanced vehicle, advanced traffic management, advanced traveller information, advanced public transportation, and advanced fleet management systems to improve traffic management; c) that ITS a
12、re being planned and implemented in various Regions by administrations; d) that a wide variety of applications and services are defined; e) that international standards would facilitate worldwide application of ITS and provide for economies of scale in bringing ITS equipment and services to the publ
13、ic; f) that worldwide compatibility of ITS may be dependent on harmonized radio spectrum allocations; g) that the ISO is standardizing ITS (non-radio aspects) in ISO/TC204 including applications for “cooperative systems” which require vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure radiocommunicati
14、ons; h) that next generation vehicular radiocommunication technologies and ITS broadcast systems are emerging, noting a) that Recommendation ITU-R M.1452 Millimetre wave radiocommunication systems for intelligent transport systems applications, provides low power short-range vehicular radar equipmen
15、t at 60 GHz and 76 GHz, and technical characteristics of millimetre wave radiocommunication systems for data communications for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to/from-infrastructure communications; b) that Recommendation ITU-R M.1453 Intelligent transport systems Dedicated short-range communications
16、 at 5.8 GHz, details the technologies and characteristics for DSRC in the 5.8 GHz band; c) that Recommendation ITU-R M.1797 Vocabulary of terms for the land mobile service, provides terminology on ITS; 2 Rec. ITU-R M.1890 d) that the land mobile Handbook (Volume 4 on ITS) contains information on ITS
17、 radiocommunications such as DSRC, millimetre wave communications; e) that IEEE 802.11p for “Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE)” was published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), recommends that the radio interface options and objectives shown in the Annex s
18、hould be used as guidelines for deployment of ITS. Annex Guidelines for ITS radio interfaces and objectives 1 Elements of ITS Based on major services required for ITS, the elements of ITS and the associated RF interfaces are listed in the following sections. For rural area applications, it may be ne
19、cessary to appropriately tailor these technologies to meet the operational requirements. 1.1 Advanced vehicle control systems Advanced vehicle control systems are oriented to complementing major portions of the driving task. Elements Radio interface options Longitudinal collision avoidance: helps to
20、 prevent head-on, rear-end or backing collision between vehicles, vehicles to objects or pedestrians Short-range radar, high-resolution short-range radar, millimetre-wave communications Lateral collision avoidance: helps prevent collisions when vehicles leave their lane of travel Short-range radar,
21、high-resolution short-range radar Intersection collision avoidance: helps prevent collisions at intersections Short-range vehicle-to-vehicle, or to infrastructure communication, millimetre-wave communications, short-range radar Vision enhancement systems: improves drivers ability to see the roadway
22、and objects on or along the roadway Forward looking infrared radar, high-resolution short-range radar (short-range radar) Pre-crash restraint deployment: anticipates an imminent collision and activates passenger safety systems before the collision occurs earlier than is currently feasible Short-rang
23、e radar, high-resolution short-range radar Automated road systems Short-range vehicle-to-vehicle communication, short-range radar, short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication Safety readiness: provides warnings about the condition of the driver, the vehicle and the roadway Short-range vehicl
24、e-to-infrastructure communication, wide area communicationRec. ITU-R M.1890 3 1.2 Advanced traffic management systems Advanced traffic management systems are intended to improve traffic flow and result in more efficient use of the road systems. Elements Radio interface options Traffic network monito
25、ring and control: manages the movement of traffic on streets and highways Radar, short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, broadcast, wide area communications Travel demand management: supports policies and regulations designed to mitigate the environmental and social impacts of traffic c
26、ongestion Short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, broadcast, wide area communication Incident detection and management: helps public and private organizations quickly identify incidents and implement a response to minimize their effects on traffic Radar, short-range vehicle-to-infrastru
27、cture communication, broadcast, wide area communication Emissions testing and mitigation: provides information for monitoring air quality and developing air quality improvement strategies Wide area communication Parking management: provides information of parking lots or manages the entry and exit o
28、f vehicles Radar, short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, broadcast, wide area communication 1.3 Advanced traveller information systems Advanced traveller information systems are intended to assist travellers in trip planning and with route navigation and traffic conditions. Elements Ra
29、dio interface options Pre-trip travel information: provides information for selecting the best transportation mode, departure time and route Broadcast, wide area communication En-route driver information: provides driver advisory and in-vehicle signing for convenience and safety during travel Broadc
30、ast, wide area communication, short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication En-route transit information: provides information to travellers using public transportation after the start of the trip Broadcast, wide area communication, short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication Route gui
31、dance: provides travellers with simple instruction on how to best reach their destinations Broadcast, wide area communication, short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication Ride matching and reservation: makes ride sharing easier and more convenient Wide area communication 1.4 Advanced public
32、transportation systems Advanced public transportation systems are designed to improve the efficiency of public transportation and make it more desirable by providing real-time scheduling and rider information. 4 Rec. ITU-R M.1890 Elements Radio interface options Public transportation management: aut
33、omates operations, planning and management functions of public transit systems Wide area communication, GNSS (AVL) Personalized public transportation: offers flexibly routed transit vehicles for more convenient service to customers Wide area communication, GNSS (AVL) GNSS: Global navigation satellit
34、e system (GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS, etc.) including satellite-based augmentation system. AVL: Automated vehicle location. 1.5 Advanced fleet management systems Advanced fleet management systems are intended to improve efficiency and productivity of commercial vehicle operations. Elements Radio interfac
35、e options Vehicle administration: provides electronic purchasing of credentials and automated mileage and fuel reporting and auditing Wide area communication Safety monitoring and tracking: senses the safety status of a commercial vehicle, cargo and driver Wide area communication, short-range vehicl
36、e-to-infrastructure communication, GNSS Fleet management Wide area communication, GNSS Vehicle preclearance: facilitates domestic and international border clearance, minimizing stops Short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication Automated roadside safety inspections: facilitates roadside inspe
37、ctions Short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication Hazardous material incident response: provides immediate description of hazardous materials to emergency responders Wide area communication, GNSS 1.6 Emergency management systems Emergency management systems are intended to improve the respo
38、nse times of emergency vehicles involving transportation and other emergency related incidents. Elements Radio interface options Emergency notification and personal security: provides immediate notification of an incident and an immediate request for assistance Short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure
39、communication, short-range vehicle-to-vehicle communication, wide area communication, short-range radar, high resolution short-range radar Public travel security: creates a secure environment for public transportation operators Emergency vehicle management: reduces the time it takes emergency vehicl
40、es to respond to an incident Rec. ITU-R M.1890 5 1.7 Electronic payment services Elements Radio interface options Electronic payment services: allows travellers to pay for transportation services electronically based on short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication Short-range vehicle-to-infra
41、structure communication Electronic payment services: allows travellers to pay for transportation services electronically based on GNSS and wide area communication Wide area communication, GNSS 1.8 Pedestrian supporting systems Pedestrian supporting systems are intended to assist pedestrians in traff
42、ic situations such as crossing intersections. Elements Radio interface options Pedestrians route guidance: helps pedestrians to find appropriate directions to go to destinations Wide area communication, short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, GNSS Vehicle-pedestrian accident avoidance:
43、detects dangerous situations, and to provide necessary alarm both for pedestrians and drives Short-range vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, radio frequency identification, high-resolution short-range radar 2 ITS radio service objectives 2.1 Radio interface options ITS functions will be most ef
44、fectively achieved through the single or combined use of the following radiocommunication applications: Broadcast: point-to-multipoint one way transmission. Short-range radiocommunications: vehicle-to-infrastructure radiocommunications (e.g. DSRC, WAVE, digital cellular mobile telecommunication syst
45、ems (GSM, PDC, etc.), IMT-2000, IMT-Advanced). Short-range radiocommunications: vehicle-to-vehicle radiocommunications (e.g. WAVE (IEEE Std 802.11p), Wireless LAN). Millimetre wave communications. Short-range radar. High-resolution short-range radar. Wide area communication: mobile two-way communica
46、tions using networks of terrestrial base stations (e.g. cellular) or using satellites. GNSS: for location-based services such as AVL one way communication. 2.2 Service objectives Tables 1 and 2 provide ITS radio interface technology for communication and radio determination. Table 3 provides ITS ser
47、vice objectives for radiocommunication. 6 Rec. ITU-R M.1890 TABLE 1 ITS Radio interface technology Communication Category Coverage area System examples Broadcast Large coverage area including underground car park tunnels and rural areas Digital TV Multimedia broadcast Digital radio FM multiplex broa
48、dcasting (DARC, RDS, etc.) Radiocommunication Short-range vehicle-to/ from-infrastructure radiocommunication Small coverage area DSRC (Recommendation ITU-R M.1453-2, etc.) Wireless LAN WAVE (IEEE802.11p) Digital cellular mobile telecommunication systems (GSM, PDC, etc.) IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced Short-r
49、ange vehicle-to-vehicle radiocommunication Small coverage area Wireless LAN WAVE (IEEE 802.11p) Wide area radiocommunication Nearly ubiquitous coverage Digital cellular mobile telecommunication systems (GSM, PDC, etc.) IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced Rec. ITU-R M.1890 7 TABLE 2 ITS Radio interface technology Radio determination Radio determination Coverage area Range resolution Velocity resolution Radar Short-range radar Small coverage area Less than 3% of the detection distance or less than 1 m Less than 3% of the vehicle speed or less than 1 km/h. High-resolution sh
