API MPMS 6 2-2004 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 6-Metering Assemblies - Section 2-Loading Rack Metering Systems (THIRD EDITION)《石油计量标准手册 第6章.pdf

1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 6Metering AssembliesSection 2Loading Rack Metering SystemsTHIRD EDITION, FEBRUARY 2004REAFFIRMED, JULY 2016Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 6Metering AssembliesSection 2Loading Rack Metering SystemsMeasurement CoordinationTHIRD EDITI

2、ON, FEBRUARY 2004REAFFIRMED, JULY 2016SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or

3、 suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healthand safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticu

4、lar materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any m

5、ethod, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least everyfive years. So

6、metimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained f

7、rom the API Standards department telephone (202)682-8000. A catalog of API publications, programs and services is published annually andupdated biannually by API, and available through Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inv-erness Way East, M/S C303B, Englewood, CO 80112-5776. This document was produc

8、ed under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which t

9、his standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the Director of the Standards department, American Petro-leum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission toreproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should be addressed tothe

10、 Director, Business Services.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilize

11、d. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablereq

12、uirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying

13、, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2004 American Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDThis standard covers the selection, installation and operation of loading rac

14、k metering sys-tems. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been madeby the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however,the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publica-tion a

15、nd hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage result-ing from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with whichthis publication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the standardization manager,

16、American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 SCOPE OF APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 PERTINENT PUBLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Referenced Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 LOADING RACK METERING SYSTEMS . . . . .

18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 Loading Rack Metering System Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.2 Top Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 Bottom Loa

19、ding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 Load Rack Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 Loading Rack Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45METERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . 45.1 Displacement Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.2 Turbine Meters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 Coriolis Meters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.4 Electrical Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 Flow Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、. . . . . . . . . 55.6 Pressure Drops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 Sizing of Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 Back Pressure Control . . . .

24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 BLENDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 Sequential Blending. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 Ratio Blending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.3 Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 ADDITIVES . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.1 Location of Injection Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.2 Additive Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.3 Calibration of Additive Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.4 Multiple Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.5 Additive Accounti

28、ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128METER PROVING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.2 Proving Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.3 Proving of Blending Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.4 Density of Product . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 ELECTRONIC PRESET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.1 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.2 Fall Back Flow Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.3 Meter Factor Linearization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.4 Security . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14vPage10 TEMPERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.1 Electronic Temperature Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.2 Location of Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.3 Temperature Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510.4 Calibration/Verification of

34、 Temperature Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1611 PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1611.1 Location of Pressure Measuring Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . 1611.2 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1611.3 Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1611.4 Use of Calculations . . . . . . .

36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1612 GROUNDING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1713 OVERFILL PROTECTION SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

37、714 SEALING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715 TERMINAL AUTOMATION SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715.1 Card Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715.2 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1715.3 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、 . . . . 1715.4 Bill of Lading Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1716 LPG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1816.1 Back Pressure. . . . . . .

40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1816.2 Odorization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Figures1 Installation DiagramMetered Tank Truck Loading Rack (Top Loading) . . .

41、. . . 22 Installation DiagramMetered Tank Truck Loading Rack (Bottom Loading) . . . 33Typical Displacement Meter Loading Rack Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Typical Turbine Meter Loading Rack Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Typical Coriolis Mete

42、r Loading Rack Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Typical Splash Sequential Blending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Typical Automated Sequential Blending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88Typic

43、al Wild Stream Blender, Off Rack/On Rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Ratio BlendingOff Rack Header Blending. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910 Typical Automatic Multi-product On Rack Ratio Blending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10VI1Chapter

44、6Metering AssembliesSection 2Loading Rack Metering Systems1 IntroductionThis standard serves as a guide in the selection, installationand operation of loading rack metering systems for petroleumproducts, including liquefied petroleum gas. This standarddoes not endorse or advocate the preferential us

45、e of any spe-cific type of metering system or meter.In general, metering system installations must meet certainfundamental requirements, including those that ensure propermeter type, size, installation and adequate protective and read-out devices (such as presets, registers counters, strainers,relie

46、f valves, pressure and flow control valves, and air elimi-nators, where required). Descriptions of these and other sys-tem components are covered elsewhere in this standard orother API standards. Also, to ensure compliance with statelaws and regulations the latest editions of NIST Handbook 44,Handbo

47、ok 12, as well as specific local weights and measuresrequirements, should be considered.2 Scope of ApplicationThis standard offers guidance on the design, selection, andoperation of loading rack metering systems and associatedequipment where liquid hydrocarbons are loaded into vehicletanks. 3Pertine

48、nt Publications3.1 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONSThe most recent editions of the following standards, recom-mended practices, and handbooks are cited in this standard.APIManual of Petroleum Measurement Standards(MPMS)Chapter 4.2, “Pipe Provers”Chapter 4.4, “Tank Provers”Chapter 4.5, “Master Meters”Chapter

49、4.6, “Pulse Interpolation”Chapter 4.7, “Field-Standard Test Measures”Chapter 5.1, “General Considerations for Measure-ment by Meters”Chapter 5.2, “Measurement of Liquid Hydrocar-bons by Displacement Meter”Chapter 5.3, “Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbonsby Turbine Meters”Chapter 5.6, “Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbonsby Coriolis Force-Flow Meters”Chapter 6.6, “Pipeline Metering Systems”Chapter 7, “Temperature Determination”Chapter 9, “Density Determination”Chapter 11.1, “Physical Properties Data”Chapter 11.2.1, “Compressibility Factors for Hydro-carbons: 0 90 API Gravity Range”Ch