ISO 14722-1998 Moped and moped-rider kinematics - Vocabulary《轻便摩托车及其驾驶员运动学 词汇》.pdf

1、A Referencenumbe r ISO14722:1998 (E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14722 Firstedition 19981215 Mopedandmopedriderkinematics Vocabulary CinmatiquerelativeaucyclomoteuretsonconducteurVocabulaireISO14722:1998(E) ISO1998 Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedoruti

2、lizedinanyformorbyan ymeans,electronic ormechanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. InternationalOrganizationforStandardization Casepostale56 CH1211Genve20 Switzerland Internet isoiso.ch PrintedinSwitzerland ii Contents Page 1Scope 1 2Normativereferences

3、 . .1 3Steeringsystem .1 3.1Axisandanglesofthesteeringassembly . 1 3.2Dynamicquantitiesofthesteeringassembly 2 3.3Steeringcharacteristicsofthesteeringassembly 3 4Suspensionsystem .3 4.1Suspensiongeometry 3 4.2Suspensiondynamicrates . .4 5Tyresandwheels. 5 5.1Tyreaxissystemandvariables. 5 5.2Forcesap

4、pliedtotyresandtheircoefficients . 6 5.3Momentsappliedtotyres . .8 5.4Phenomenarelatedwithtyres. 8 6Basicprinciplesofaxissystemsandkinematics 8 6.1Axissystems. 8 6.2Horizontalaxissystems .9 6.3Componentandassemblyaxissystems 9 6.4Groundcontactaxes 9 6.5Mopedmassesandweightdistribution . 11ISO ISO147

5、22:1998(E) iii 6.6Momentsofinertia. . 11 6.7Motionvariables . 11 6.8Forces . . 15 6.9Moments 15 7Directionaldynamics. 16 7.1Controls . 16 7.2Controlmodes 16 7.3Mopedresponse . 17 7.4Steerproperties . . 18 7.5Stability 19 8Mopedmotioncharacteristics. . 19 9Aerodynamiccharacteristicsofthemopedridercom

6、bination . . 21 9.1Winds . 21 9.2Aerodynamicvariables 21 9.3Aerodynamicforces,momentsandcoefficients. 22 10Ridingposturesandbehaviours 23 11Tests . 24 11.1Constantenvironmentinfluence . 24 11.2Changeableenvironmentinfluence 25 11.3Othertests. 26 Bibliography 31ISO14722:1998(E) ISO iv Foreword ISO(th

7、eInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberep

8、resentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnongovernmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesg

9、ivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote. InternationalStandardISO14722waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC22, Ro

10、advehicles ,Subcommittee SC23, Mopeds.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO ISO14722:1998(E) 1 MopedandmopedriderkinematicsVocabulary 1Scope 1.1 ThisInternationalStandarddefinesterms,symbolsandconventionsrelatedtomopedandmopedrider motionsandkinematicsandtothemodellingthereof. 1.2 Itdoesnotdealwithmethodsofmeas

11、urement,norwiththeunitsusedinreportingtheresults,norwith accuracy. 1.3 ThedefinitionsinthisInternationalStandardapplytotwowheeledmopedsasdefinedinISO3833. 1.4 ThisInternationalStandarddoesnotcoverroadmopedswhicharecontrolledbyapedestrianorwhichare usedforthecarriageofgoodstotheexclusionofpersons. 2N

12、ormative references Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsof thisInternationalStandard.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthese publicationsdonotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthisInternationalStandardar

13、eencouragedto investigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.For undatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIEC maintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO3833:1977, RoadvehiclesTypesTermsan

14、ddefinitions. ISO6725:1981, RoadvehiclesDimensionsoftwowheeledmopedsandmotorcyclesTermsanddefinitions. 3Steering system 3.1 Axisandanglesofthesteeringassembly 3.1.1 steeraxis z H rotationalaxisofthesteeringassemblyforsteeringcontrolwhichcoincideswiththeaxisofthesteeringstemand withtheaxisofthesteeri

15、ngheadpipeISO14722:1998(E) ISO 2 3.1.2 steerangle d H angleofmotionofthesteeringassemblyaboutthe steeraxis (3.1.1)whichiszerowhenthefrontwheelplaneis paralleltothemopedlongitudinalplane 3.1.3 wheelsteerangle d W angleformedbytheintersectionwiththeroadsurfaceplaneofthemopedlongitudinalplaneandthefron

16、twheel plane 3.2 Dynamicquantitiesofthesteeringassembly 3.2.1 steeringvelocity d angularvelocityofthesprungpartofthesteeringassemblyaboutthe z f axis 3.2.2 steeringvelocityofthehandlebars d H angularvelocityofthehandlebarsaboutthe z H axis 3.2.3 steertorque torqueaboutthe steeraxis (3.1.1) 3.2.4 ste

17、erforce valueobtainedfromdividingthe steertorque (3.2.3)andtheeffectiverotationalradiusofthesteeringhandle NOTE Theeffectiverotationalradiusofthesteeringhandleisthedistancebetweenthe steeraxis (3.1.1)andthecentre pointofthesteeringhandlegripprojectedontheplaneperpendiculartothesteeraxis. 3.2.5 stead

18、ystatesteertorque torqueappliedtothesteeringhandleinordertomaintainthemotionofthemopedridercombinationinagivenstate NOTE Whenthemopedridercombinationisturning,thistorqueisclassifiedas positivesteertorque (3.2.5.1), neutral steertorque (3.2.5.2)or negativesteertorque (3.2.5.3). 3.2.5.1 positivesteert

19、orque steadystatesteertorque (3.2.5)appliedinthedirectionequaltothatinwhichthemopedridercombinationis turning 3.2.5.2 neutralsteertorque amountof steadystatesteertorque (3.2.5)equaltozero,requiredwhenthemopedridercombinationisturning 3.2.5.3 negativesteertorque steadystatesteertorque (3.2.5)appliedi

20、nthedirectionoppositetothatinwhichthemopedridercombinationis turningISO ISO14722:1998(E) 3 3.2.6 steadystatesteerforce valueobtainedfromdividingthe steadystatesteertorque (3.2.5)andtheeffectiverotationalradiusofthesteering handle 3.2.7 stiffnessofthesteeringassembly resistanceagainstthedeformationca

21、usedbytheloadsappliedtothesteeringassembly NOTE Therearetorsionalandbendingstiffnesses. 3.2.8 frictiontorqueofthesteeringassembly torqueaboutthe steeraxis (3.1.1)requiredtoinitiatethemotionofthesteeringassemblywhichdoesnotinclude thefrictionbetweenthetyreandtheroadsurface 3.2.9 dampingtorqueoftheste

22、eringassembly dampingtorqueaboutthe steeraxis(3.1.1)atacertain steeringvelocity(3.2.1)whichdoesnotincludethe dampingbetweenthetyreandtheroadsurface 3.2.10 momentofinertiaofthesteeringassembly momentofinertiaofthesteeringassemblyaboutthe steeringaxis (3.1.1)underdefinedloadconditions 3.3 Steeringchar

23、acteristicsofthesteeringassembly 3.3.1 steeringunderstationaryconditions steeringoperationofthemopedridercombinationunderstationaryconditions 3.3.2 countersteering positiveactiononthesteeringhandleinordertocompensate(cancelout)thechangeinthestateofthemoped 3.3.3 disturbedsteer veryshortandquickrotat

24、ionofthesteeringhandlecausedbyanoutsidedisturbance 3.3.4 lossofcontrolinsteering uncontrollablerotationofthesteeringhandlecausedbyadisturbance 4Suspension system 4.1Suspension geometry 4.1.1 wheelplane centreplaneofthewheelwhichisperpendiculartothewheelspinaxis 4.1.2 wheelcentre intersectionofthewhe

25、elspinaxisandthe wheelplane (4.1.1) 4.1.3 frontandrearwheelalignment positionofthefrontandtherearwheelplanesrelativetosomereferenceframeplanesISO14722:1998(E) ISO 4 4.1.4 steeringsystemalignment relationbetweenthewheel(s)andthebodyortheroadsurface NOTE Thistermisoftenappliedtothe forkoffset (4.1.8),

26、 castor(4.1.7), castorangle (4.1.6). 4.1.5 alignmentvariation displacementsanddeformationsofthesuspensionsystemcausedbyforcesappliedtothewheels 4.1.6 castorangle t SeeISO6725:1981,6.12. 4.1.7 castor SeeISO6725:1981,6.11. 4.1.8 forkoffset distancebetweenthesteeringshaftcentrelineandthefrontwheelspina

27、xis 4.1.9 verticalwheeltravel verticaldistancebetweenthewheelspinaxispositionwhenthesuspensionisfullystretchedandwhenitisfully compressedaccordingtothemanufacturersindication 4.1.10 springand/ordamperstroke displacementbetweenthespringand/ordamperunitpositionswhenfullystretchedandwhenfullycompressed

28、 accordingtothemanufacturersindication 4.2 Suspensiondynamicrates 4.2.1 suspensionrate increaseofgroundcontactingloadnecessarytoapproximatethewheelspinaxisandthesprungmassprojectedon theverticallinepassingthroughthewheelcentrebytheunitdistanceunderthedesignatedload 4.2.2 riderate increaseofgroundcon

29、tactingloadnecessarytoapproximatetheroadplaneandthesprungmassprojectedonthe verticallinepassingthroughthewheelcentrebytheunitdistanceunderthedesignatedload 4.2.3 linkratioofspringand/ordamper ratioofthe verticalwheeltravel (4.1.9)andthe springand/ordamperstroke (4.1.10) NOTE1 Thelinkratiocanbemoreor

30、lessthan1,dependingonthelocationandthewayofgeometricallinkingofthespring and/ordamperinrelationtothepositionofthewheelaxis. NOTE2 Thelinkratiocanbeafunctionofthewheeltravel. 4.2.4 dampingcharacteristics relationbetweenthedampingforceoccurringatthedamperunitandthedamperpistonspeed NOTE Thesignisposit

31、ivewhenthedamperiscompressed;itisnegativewhenthedamperisstretched.ISO ISO14722:1998(E) 5 5 Tyresandwheels SeeFigure1. 5.1 Tyreaxissystemandvariables 5.1.1 conventionalcentreoftyrecontact intersectionofthewheelplaneandtheverticalprojectionofthespinaxisofthewheelontotheroadplane 5.1.2 geometricalcentr

32、eoftyrecontact geometricalcentreofthecontactareabetweenthetyreandtheroadplane 5.1.3 effectivecentreoftyrecontact centreofpressuresinthecontactareaofthetyreandtheroadplane NOTE1 Whenthewheeliscambered,theeffectivecentreoftyrecontactcanbedisplacedinthedirectionofthecamber. NOTE2 The effective centre o

33、f tyre contact may not be the geometricalcentreoftyrecontact(5.1.2)areadueto distortionofthetyreproducedbyappliedforces. 5.1.4 camberangle e anglebetweentheverticalandthewheelplane 5.1.5 tyreslipangle a anglebetweenthe x t axisandthedirectionofwheeltravelinthe conventionalcentreoftyrecontact (5.1.1)

34、 SeeFigure2. 5.1.6 slipratio S driving S = - uu u tx cos tc tc a 5.1.7 slipratio S braking S = - uu u tx cos cos tc tx a a where u tx istheforwardvelocityoftheconventionalcentreofthewheel; u tc istheperipheralvelocityofthe conventionalcentreoftyrecontact (5.1.1)inreferencetothecentreof thewheel; a i

35、sthe tyreslipangle (5.1.5).ISO14722:1998(E) ISO 6 5.2 Forcesappliedtotyresandtheircoefficients 5.2.1 tyreverticalload z t componentoftheforceappliedfromtheroadplanetothetyre 5.2.2 tyrelateralforce y t componentoftheforceappliedfromtheroadplanetothetyre 5.2.3 tyrelongitudinalforce x t componentofthef

36、orceappliedfromtheroadplanetothetyre 5.2.4 tyreverticalstiffness variationintheverticalloadrequiredtoshiftthedistancebetweenthe conventionalcentreoftyrecontact (5.1.1) andthe wheelcentre (4.1.2)intheverticaldirectionbythelength,whenthe camberangle (5.1.4)iszero 5.2.5 tyrelateralstiffness variationin

37、the tyrelateralforce (5.2.2)requiredtovarythe wheelcentre (4.1.2)inthe y t directionbythelength relativetothesupportingsurface,whenthe camberangle (5.1.4)iszeroandaspecified tyreverticalload (5.2.1) isapplied 5.2.6 drivingforce positive tyrelongitudinalforce (5.2.3)causedbyapplicationofdrivingtorque

38、inthe x t direction 5.2.7 brakingforce negative tyrelongitudinalforce (5.2.3)causedbyapplicationofbrakingtorqueinthe y t direction 5.2.8 conicityforce tyrelateralforce (5.2.2)whichchangessignwithrespectthe horizontaltyreaxissystem (6.2.2)withachange indirectionofrotationwhenthe tyreslipangle (5.1.5)

39、andthe camberangle (5.1.4)arezero 5.2.9 plysteerforce tyrelateralforce (5.2.2)whichdoesnotchangesignwithrespecttothe horizontaltyreaxissystem (6.2.2)with achangeindirectionofrotationwhenthe tyreslipangle (5.1.5)andthe camberangle (5.1.4)arezero 5.2.10 camberforce camberthrust tyrelateralforce (5.2.2

40、)appliedtothetyrehavingsome camberangle (5.1.4)whenthe tyreslipangle (5.1.5)is zeroandthe plysteerforce (5.2.9)and conicityforce (5.2.8)havebeensubtracted 5.2.11 corneringforce horizontalcomponent,inthedirectionperpendiculartothedirectionofwheeltravel,oftheforceappliedfromthe roadplanetothewheelhavi

41、ngsome tyreslipangle (5.1.5)whenthe camberangle (5.1.4)iszero SeeFigure2.ISO ISO14722:1998(E) 7 5.2.12 tyresideforce tyrelateralforce (5.2.2)whenthe camberangle (5.1.4)iszeroandthe plysteerforce (5.2.9)and conicityforce (5.2.8)havebeensubtracted SeeFigure2. 5.2.13 tractiveforce componentofthetyrefor

42、cevectorinthedirectionofwheeltravelofthe effectivecentreoftyrecontact (5.1.3),is equaltothe tyrelateralforce (5.2.2)timesthesineofthe tyreslipangle (5.1.5)plusthe tyrelongitudinalforce (5.2.3)timesthecosineofthe tyreslipangle (5.1.5) 5.2.14 dragforce negative tractiveforce (5.2.13) SeeFigure2. 5.2.1

43、5 rollingresistance forceoppositetothedirectionofwheelheadingmainlyresultingfromdeformationofarollingtyre 5.2.16 rollingresistancecoefficient ratiobetweentherollingresistanceandthe tyreverticalload (5.2.1) 5.2.17 camberstiffness rateofchangeof tyrelateralforce (5.2.2)withrespecttothechangein camberangle (5.1.4),usuallyevaluatedat zerocamberangle andatzero tyreslipangle (5.1.5) 5.2.1