【考研类试卷】考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编6及答案解析.doc

1、考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 6及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise

2、a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】_workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】_giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect“, the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】_of be

3、ing experimented upon changed subjects behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】_behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】_of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】_what was done in the experiment;【B7】_somethin

4、g was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】_to alter workers behavior【B10】_itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】_to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】_the descriptions on record, no s

5、ystematic【B13】_was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】_interpretations of what happened.【B15】_, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【

6、B16】_rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】_to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】_, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】_to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】

7、a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect“ is hard to pin down.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.affectedB.achievedC.extractedD.restored(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.atB.upC.withD.off(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.truthB.sightC.actD.proof(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.controversialB.perplexingC.m

8、ischievousD.ambiguous(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.requirementsB.explanationsC.accountsD.assessments(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.concludeB.matterC.indicateD.work(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.as far asB.for fear thatC.in case thatD.so long as(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.awarenessB.expectationC.sentimentD.illusion(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.suitableB.

9、excessiveC.enoughD.abundant(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.aboutB.forC.onD.by(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.comparedB.shownC.subjectedD.conveyed(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.contrary toB.consistent withC.parallel withD.peculiar to(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.evidenceB.guidanceC.implicationD.source(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.disputableB.enlight

10、eningC.reliableD.misleading(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.In contrastB.For exampleC.In consequenceD.As usual(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.dulyB.accidentallyC.unpredictablyD.suddenly(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.failedB.ceasedC.startedD.continued(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.HoweverD.Meanwhile(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A

11、attemptedB.tendedC.choseD.intended(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.breakingB.climbingC.surpassingD.hittingResearch on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】_the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be sma

12、rter than the average fruit fly【B2】_to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】_bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】_in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】_, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】_the starting line because it depends on learninga(n

13、) 【B7】_processinstead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to【B8】_. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】_intelligence? That s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】_at all the species wev

14、e left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】_of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】_the mind of every animal we ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】_on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an own

15、er,【B14】_, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】_animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】_the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】_, not merely how much o

16、f it there is. 【B18】_, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】_question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?【B20】_the results are inconclusive.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.SupposeB.ConsiderC.ObserveD.Imagine(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.tendedB.fearedC.happenedD.threatened(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.thinner

17、B.stablerC.lighterD.dimmer(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.tendencyB.advantageC.inclinationD.priority(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.insists onB.sums upC.turns outD.puts forward(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.offB.behindC.overD.along(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.incredibleB.spontaneousC.inevitableD.gradual(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.fightB.doubtC.stopD.think

18、9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.invisibleB.limitedC.indefiniteD.different(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.upwardB.forwardC.afterwardD.backward(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.featuresB.influencesC.resultsD.costs(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.outsideB.onC.byD.across(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.deliverB.carryC.performD.apply(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.by chanceB

19、in contrastC.as usualD.for instance(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.unlessC.asD.lest(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.moderateB.overcomeC.determineD.reach(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.atB.forC.afterD.with(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.Above allB.After allC.HoweverD.Otherwise(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.fundamentalB.comprehensiveC.equivalentD.hos

20、tile(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.By accidentB.In timeC.So farD.Better still考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 6答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：In 192

21、4 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】_workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】_giving their name to the “Hawt

22、horne effect“, the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】_of being experimented upon changed subjects behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】_behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】_of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was

23、 dimmed. It did not【B6】_what was done in the experiment;【B7】_something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】_to alter workers behavior【B10】_itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】_to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments

24、 has another surprise in store.【B12】_the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】_was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】_interpretations of what happened.【B15】_, lighting was a

25、lways changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】_rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】_to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】_, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】_to be

26、 diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】_a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect“ is hard to pin down.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.affected B.achievedC.extractedD.restored解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句意为：他们想通过实验来探究车间照明情况是如何影响工人生产效率的，因此 Aaffec

27、ted“影响”为正确选项。achieve“达成，完成”；extract“提取，榨出”；restore“恢复，重建”，均不符合题意。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.atB.up C.withD.off解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。本句 instead表示转折，暗示试验结果与预期的不同，end up doing意为“(出乎意料)以做告终”，符合题意，即研究最终却提出了以所在地命名的“霍桑效应”。end at“在某个时间结束”，end with“以结束”，end off“结束，终止”，均不符合语义逻辑。因此Bup 正确。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.truthB.sightC.act

28、D.proof解析：解析：考查名词辨析。这里的 that引导了一个同位语从句，目的是解释 extremely influential idea，空后的 of being experimented upon是后置定语，very 在这里是形容词，意思是“恰好是，正是”，因此只有 Cact 符合语境，指“被用来做实验的行为”。truth“事实”，sight“情景，景象”，proof“证据”，均不符合题意。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.controversialB.perplexing C.mischievousD.ambiguous解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句指出，“霍桑效应”的提出是因

29、为工厂里妇女的行为。下面作者描述了这种行为，就是无论照明情况怎么变化，女工的生产率都是增加的。这显然和实验的初衷是不相符的、让人费解的，因此 Bperplexing“令人费解的，令人困惑的”正确。controversial“有争议的”，mischievous“恶作剧的，捣乱的”，ambiguous“模棱两可的”，均不符合语境。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.requirementsB.explanationsC.accounts D.assessments解析：解析：考查名词辨析。后半句显然是对实验的具体阐述，因此只有 Caccounts“描述，叙述”符合题意。requirement“要

30、求”，explanation“解释”，assessment“评估”，均与题意不符。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.concludeB.matter C.indicateD.work解析：解析：考查动词辨析。上文讲到工人的生产率并没有因为照明的变化而变化。既然这样，那就是不管实验做了什么，都是没什么影响的。因此 Bmatter“有关系，要紧”正确。conclude“做出结论”，indicate“显示，表明”，work“起作用，有效果”，均不符合题意。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.as far asB.for fear thatC.in case thatD.so long as 解

31、析：解析：考查上下文理解及短语辨析。上半句指出实验中做什么并不重要，后文自然是“只要”发生了某种变化，生产率便会提高，这也符合前文对于实验的描述，因此 Dso long as“只有”符合题意，相当于 as long as。as far as“根据，至于”，for fear that“以免，唯恐”，in case that“万一，如果”，均不符合语境。(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.awareness B.expectationC.sentimentD.illusion解析：解析：考查名词辨析。后面的 that引导一个同位语从句，内容是“自己是实验的对象”，这是工人的自我“意识”，因此 A

32、awareness 为正确选项。expectation“期望”，sentiment“观点，意见”，musion“幻觉，错觉”，均不符合题意。(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.suitableB.excessiveC.enough D.abundant解析：解析：考查上下文理解及形容词辨析。本句主干为 An awarenessseemed to be_to alter workers behavior。显然是说，工人们意识到自己就是被实验的对象，而这种意识就足够改变他们的行为。因此选 Cenough。suitable“合适的”，excessive“过多的，过度的”，abundant“丰富的，

33、充裕的”，均不符合语境。(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.aboutB.forC.onD.by 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。后面的 itself指代的是前文的 awareness，by itself 意为“独自地”，就是说只要有这种意识就够了，不需要其他条件，就足以改变工人的行为。故选 Dby。(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.comparedB.shownC.subjected D.conveyed解析：解析：考查上下文理解及动词辨析。be subjected to 意为“目的在于，被用于，此处意为“数据被用于计量经济分析”，因此 Csubjected 正确。be compar

34、ed to“被比作”，be shown to“被展示给”，be conveyed to“被转达给”，均与题意不符。(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.contrary to B.consistent withC.parallel withD.peculiar to解析：解析：考查上下文理解及短语辨析。文章后面提到没有证据能证明照明情况能影响生产率，而这个结论和上文中对实验的描述是相悖的。因此选 Acontrary to，意为“与相反”。consistent with“与一致”，parallel with“与平行”，peculiar to“为所特有”，均不符合语境。(13).【B13】（分

35、数：2.00）A.evidence B.guidanceC.implicationD.source解析：解析：考查名词辨析。后面的 that引导同位语从句，意思是“照明情况和生产效率之间是存在关系的”，而这很明显是一个“证据”，和前文中 found相呼应，表示“没有系统的证据能证明生产效率与照明的变化之间存在关联”，因此选 Aevidence。guidance“引导，指导”；implication“含义，暗指”；source“来源，根源”，均不符合语境。(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.disputableB.enlighteningC.reliableD.misleading 解析：

36、解析：考查上下文理解与形容词辨析。本句意为“结果发现可能是进行实验的特殊方式导致了对所发生事实的_解读”，上文提到没有证据表明生产效率与照明的变化之间存在关联，那么“霍桑效应”其实是对实验事实错误的解读。因此选 Dmisleading“欺骗性的，误导性的”。disputable“有争议的”，enlightening“有启发性的”，reliable“真实可信的”，均与语境不符。(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.In contrastB.For example C.In consequenceD.As usual解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。承接上句，本句将前面改变的方式进行了更细致的解读：照

37、明经常在周日被改变。可见是对上文的例证，因此选 BFor example。In contrast“与相反”，In consequence“因此，结果”，As usual“像往常一样”，均不符合语境。(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.duly B.accidentallyC.unpredictablyD.suddenly解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句提到，当周一工人开始工作时，生产率与周六相比_上升了。文章前面已经提到照明和生产率之间是有关系的，可见此处选择 Aduly“如期地”，这是一种规律性变化，而不可能是某一次实验偶发的结果。accidentally“偶然地”，unpredict

38、ably“不可预测地，出乎意料地”，suddenly“突然地”，均不能体现出规律性变化。(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.failedB.ceasedC.startedD.continued 解析：解析：考查上下文理解与动词辨析。生产率在周一开始上升，并且在未来几天也继续上升，因此这是一个“持续性”的过程。Dcontinued“继续，持续”符合题意。fail“未能(做)”，cease“停止”，start“开始”，均不符合语境。(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.However D.Meanwhile解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。上文说的

39、是周日照明情况的改变使周一的生产率上升了，而下文说到即使不进行实验，即周日的照明不改变，工人在周一的生产率还是会上升，于是判断出上下文之间是转折关系。因此选 CHowever。Therefore“因此”，Furthermore“此外，而且”，Meanwhile“同时”，均不表示转折关系。(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.attemptedB.tended C.choseD.intended解析：解析：考查动词辨析。下文说的是工人一周的表现变化在前几天会很勤奋，经过一个稳定期后，在一周的末尾就会懒散下来。显然这是一种无形的规律，因此选 Btended，tend to do sth“倾向于

40、做某事”。attempt“尝试”；choose“选择”；intend“打算，想要”，均不符合语境。(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.breakingB.climbingC.surpassingD.hitting 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。plateau“稳定期，停滞期”，根据 before的提示，此处应为“到达”停滞期。break“打破”，surpass“超越”不符语境，climb“攀爬”，不与 plateau搭配，只能选择Dhitting，这里意为“进入到一个特定的时期”。故 Dhitting 为正确答案。Research on animal intelligence always

41、makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】_the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】_to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】_bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】_in not being

42、 too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】_, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】_the starting line because it depends on learninga(n) 【B7】_processinstead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when

43、to【B8】_. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】_intelligence? That s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】_at all the species weve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】_of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】_the mind of every a

44、nimal we ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】_on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】_, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】_animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B1

45、6】_the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】_, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】_, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】_question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?【B20】_the resu

46、lts are inconclusive.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.SupposeB.Consider C.ObserveD.Imagine解析：解析：考查动词辨析。文章开篇指出“对动物智慧的研究总是让我们对人类到底有多聪明感到好奇”，接着举了果蝇的例子，该句要选择的动词应与上句在语义上衔接。此处用 BConsider，意为让读者“考虑一下”果蝇实验，从而引出下文。其他选项 Suppose“假定，设想”，Observe“观察”，Imagine“想象”，均不符合语境。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.tended B.fearedC.happenedD.thr

47、eatened解析：解析：考查动词辨析。此处意为“通过训练变得更聪明的果蝇，其寿命往往比普通果蝇短”，这是实验中经常发生的情况，tend to“易于，趋向做”，因此选 Atended。fear to“害怕做，happen to“碰巧做”，threaten to“威胁要做”，均不合理。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.thinnerB.stablerC.lighterD.dimmer 解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。前文讲到“聪明的果蝇寿命往往较短”，下面新举了个例子，用灯泡的亮灯时间和亮度的关系来做类比，所以选 Ddimmer“较暗的”。lighter“更亮的”，与前文意思相悖。thinner“更薄的，更瘦的”，stabler“更稳定的”，均不符合题意。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.tendencyB.advantage C.inclinationD.priority解析：解析：考查上下文理解与名词辨析。上文已经告诉我们聪明的果蝇往往寿命较短，越不亮的灯泡用的时间越长，所以这里的含义为：“不亮的灯泡和不聪明的人是有优势的”，故选 Badvantage“优势”，an advantage in“在方面具有优