1、考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 6及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise
2、a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】_workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】_giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect“, the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】_of be
3、ing experimented upon changed subjects behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】_behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】_of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】_what was done in the experiment;【B7】_somethin
4、g was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】_to alter workers behavior【B10】_itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】_to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】_the descriptions on record, no s
5、ystematic【B13】_was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】_interpretations of what happened.【B15】_, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【
6、B16】_rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】_to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】_, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】_to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】
7、_a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect“ is hard to pin down.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.affectedB.achievedC.extractedD.restored(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.atB.upC.withD.off(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.truthB.sightC.actD.proof(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.controversialB.perplexingC.m
8、ischievousD.ambiguous(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.requirementsB.explanationsC.accountsD.assessments(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.concludeB.matterC.indicateD.work(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.as far asB.for fear thatC.in case thatD.so long as(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.awarenessB.expectationC.sentimentD.illusion(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.suitableB.
9、excessiveC.enoughD.abundant(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.aboutB.forC.onD.by(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.comparedB.shownC.subjectedD.conveyed(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.contrary toB.consistent withC.parallel withD.peculiar to(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.evidenceB.guidanceC.implicationD.source(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.disputableB.enlight
10、eningC.reliableD.misleading(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.In contrastB.For exampleC.In consequenceD.As usual(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.dulyB.accidentallyC.unpredictablyD.suddenly(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.failedB.ceasedC.startedD.continued(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.HoweverD.Meanwhile(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A
11、.attemptedB.tendedC.choseD.intended(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.breakingB.climbingC.surpassingD.hittingResearch on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】_the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be sma
12、rter than the average fruit fly【B2】_to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】_bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】_in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】_, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】_the starting line because it depends on learninga(n
13、) 【B7】_processinstead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to【B8】_. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】_intelligence? That s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】_at all the species wev
14、e left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】_of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】_the mind of every animal we ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】_on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an own
15、er,【B14】_, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】_animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】_the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】_, not merely how much o
16、f it there is. 【B18】_, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】_question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?【B20】_the results are inconclusive.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.SupposeB.ConsiderC.ObserveD.Imagine(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.tendedB.fearedC.happenedD.threatened(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.thinner
17、B.stablerC.lighterD.dimmer(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.tendencyB.advantageC.inclinationD.priority(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.insists onB.sums upC.turns outD.puts forward(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.offB.behindC.overD.along(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.incredibleB.spontaneousC.inevitableD.gradual(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.fightB.doubtC.stopD.think
18、(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.invisibleB.limitedC.indefiniteD.different(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.upwardB.forwardC.afterwardD.backward(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.featuresB.influencesC.resultsD.costs(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.outsideB.onC.byD.across(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.deliverB.carryC.performD.apply(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.by chanceB
19、.in contrastC.as usualD.for instance(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.unlessC.asD.lest(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.moderateB.overcomeC.determineD.reach(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.atB.forC.afterD.with(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.Above allB.After allC.HoweverD.Otherwise(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.fundamentalB.comprehensiveC.equivalentD.hos
20、tile(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.By accidentB.In timeC.So farD.Better still考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编 6答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：In 192
21、4 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】_workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】_giving their name to the “Hawt
22、horne effect“, the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】_of being experimented upon changed subjects behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】_behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】_of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was
23、 dimmed. It did not【B6】_what was done in the experiment;【B7】_something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】_that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】_to alter workers behavior【B10】_itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】_to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments
24、 has another surprise in store.【B12】_the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】_was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】_interpretations of what happened.【B15】_, lighting was a
25、lways changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】_rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】_to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】_, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】_to be
26、 diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】_a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect“ is hard to pin down.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.affected B.achievedC.extractedD.restored解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句意为：他们想通过实验来探究车间照明情况是如何影响工人生产效率的，因此 Aaffec
27、ted“影响”为正确选项。achieve“达成，完成”；extract“提取，榨出”；restore“恢复，重建”，均不符合题意。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.atB.up C.withD.off解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。本句 instead表示转折，暗示试验结果与预期的不同，end up doing意为“(出乎意料)以做告终”，符合题意，即研究最终却提出了以所在地命名的“霍桑效应”。end at“在某个时间结束”，end with“以结束”，end off“结束，终止”，均不符合语义逻辑。因此Bup 正确。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.truthB.sightC.act
28、D.proof解析：解析：考查名词辨析。这里的 that引导了一个同位语从句，目的是解释 extremely influential idea，空后的 of being experimented upon是后置定语，very 在这里是形容词，意思是“恰好是，正是”，因此只有 Cact 符合语境，指“被用来做实验的行为”。truth“事实”，sight“情景，景象”，proof“证据”，均不符合题意。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.controversialB.perplexing C.mischievousD.ambiguous解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句指出，“霍桑效应”的提出是因
29、为工厂里妇女的行为。下面作者描述了这种行为，就是无论照明情况怎么变化，女工的生产率都是增加的。这显然和实验的初衷是不相符的、让人费解的，因此 Bperplexing“令人费解的，令人困惑的”正确。controversial“有争议的”，mischievous“恶作剧的，捣乱的”，ambiguous“模棱两可的”，均不符合语境。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.requirementsB.explanationsC.accounts D.assessments解析：解析：考查名词辨析。后半句显然是对实验的具体阐述，因此只有 Caccounts“描述，叙述”符合题意。requirement“要
30、求”，explanation“解释”，assessment“评估”，均与题意不符。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.concludeB.matter C.indicateD.work解析：解析：考查动词辨析。上文讲到工人的生产率并没有因为照明的变化而变化。既然这样，那就是不管实验做了什么，都是没什么影响的。因此 Bmatter“有关系，要紧”正确。conclude“做出结论”，indicate“显示，表明”，work“起作用，有效果”，均不符合题意。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.as far asB.for fear thatC.in case thatD.so long as 解
31、析：解析：考查上下文理解及短语辨析。上半句指出实验中做什么并不重要，后文自然是“只要”发生了某种变化，生产率便会提高，这也符合前文对于实验的描述，因此 Dso long as“只有”符合题意，相当于 as long as。as far as“根据，至于”，for fear that“以免，唯恐”，in case that“万一，如果”，均不符合语境。(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.awareness B.expectationC.sentimentD.illusion解析：解析：考查名词辨析。后面的 that引导一个同位语从句，内容是“自己是实验的对象”，这是工人的自我“意识”，因此 A
32、awareness 为正确选项。expectation“期望”，sentiment“观点，意见”，musion“幻觉，错觉”，均不符合题意。(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.suitableB.excessiveC.enough D.abundant解析：解析：考查上下文理解及形容词辨析。本句主干为 An awarenessseemed to be_to alter workers behavior。显然是说，工人们意识到自己就是被实验的对象，而这种意识就足够改变他们的行为。因此选 Cenough。suitable“合适的”，excessive“过多的，过度的”，abundant“丰富的，
33、充裕的”，均不符合语境。(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.aboutB.forC.onD.by 解析：解析：考查固定搭配。后面的 itself指代的是前文的 awareness，by itself 意为“独自地”，就是说只要有这种意识就够了，不需要其他条件，就足以改变工人的行为。故选 Dby。(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.comparedB.shownC.subjected D.conveyed解析：解析：考查上下文理解及动词辨析。be subjected to 意为“目的在于，被用于，此处意为“数据被用于计量经济分析”，因此 Csubjected 正确。be compar
34、ed to“被比作”，be shown to“被展示给”，be conveyed to“被转达给”，均与题意不符。(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.contrary to B.consistent withC.parallel withD.peculiar to解析：解析：考查上下文理解及短语辨析。文章后面提到没有证据能证明照明情况能影响生产率，而这个结论和上文中对实验的描述是相悖的。因此选 Acontrary to，意为“与相反”。consistent with“与一致”，parallel with“与平行”，peculiar to“为所特有”，均不符合语境。(13).【B13】（分
35、数：2.00）A.evidence B.guidanceC.implicationD.source解析：解析：考查名词辨析。后面的 that引导同位语从句，意思是“照明情况和生产效率之间是存在关系的”，而这很明显是一个“证据”，和前文中 found相呼应，表示“没有系统的证据能证明生产效率与照明的变化之间存在关联”，因此选 Aevidence。guidance“引导，指导”；implication“含义，暗指”；source“来源，根源”，均不符合语境。(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.disputableB.enlighteningC.reliableD.misleading 解析：
36、解析：考查上下文理解与形容词辨析。本句意为“结果发现可能是进行实验的特殊方式导致了对所发生事实的_解读”，上文提到没有证据表明生产效率与照明的变化之间存在关联，那么“霍桑效应”其实是对实验事实错误的解读。因此选 Dmisleading“欺骗性的，误导性的”。disputable“有争议的”，enlightening“有启发性的”，reliable“真实可信的”，均与语境不符。(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.In contrastB.For example C.In consequenceD.As usual解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。承接上句，本句将前面改变的方式进行了更细致的解读：照
37、明经常在周日被改变。可见是对上文的例证，因此选 BFor example。In contrast“与相反”，In consequence“因此，结果”，As usual“像往常一样”，均不符合语境。(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.duly B.accidentallyC.unpredictablyD.suddenly解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句提到，当周一工人开始工作时，生产率与周六相比_上升了。文章前面已经提到照明和生产率之间是有关系的，可见此处选择 Aduly“如期地”，这是一种规律性变化，而不可能是某一次实验偶发的结果。accidentally“偶然地”，unpredict
38、ably“不可预测地，出乎意料地”，suddenly“突然地”，均不能体现出规律性变化。(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.failedB.ceasedC.startedD.continued 解析：解析：考查上下文理解与动词辨析。生产率在周一开始上升，并且在未来几天也继续上升，因此这是一个“持续性”的过程。Dcontinued“继续，持续”符合题意。fail“未能(做)”，cease“停止”，start“开始”，均不符合语境。(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.However D.Meanwhile解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。上文说的
39、是周日照明情况的改变使周一的生产率上升了，而下文说到即使不进行实验，即周日的照明不改变，工人在周一的生产率还是会上升，于是判断出上下文之间是转折关系。因此选 CHowever。Therefore“因此”，Furthermore“此外，而且”，Meanwhile“同时”，均不表示转折关系。(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.attemptedB.tended C.choseD.intended解析：解析：考查动词辨析。下文说的是工人一周的表现变化在前几天会很勤奋，经过一个稳定期后，在一周的末尾就会懒散下来。显然这是一种无形的规律，因此选 Btended，tend to do sth“倾向于
40、做某事”。attempt“尝试”；choose“选择”；intend“打算，想要”，均不符合语境。(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.breakingB.climbingC.surpassingD.hitting 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。plateau“稳定期，停滞期”，根据 before的提示，此处应为“到达”停滞期。break“打破”，surpass“超越”不符语境，climb“攀爬”，不与 plateau搭配，只能选择Dhitting，这里意为“进入到一个特定的时期”。故 Dhitting 为正确答案。Research on animal intelligence always
41、makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】_the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】_to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】_bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】_in not being
42、 too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】_, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】_the starting line because it depends on learninga(n) 【B7】_processinstead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when
43、to【B8】_. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】_intelligence? That s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】_at all the species weve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】_of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】_the mind of every a
44、nimal we ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】_on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】_, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】_animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B1
45、6】_the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】_, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】_, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】_question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?【B20】_the resu
46、lts are inconclusive.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.SupposeB.Consider C.ObserveD.Imagine解析：解析：考查动词辨析。文章开篇指出“对动物智慧的研究总是让我们对人类到底有多聪明感到好奇”，接着举了果蝇的例子，该句要选择的动词应与上句在语义上衔接。此处用 BConsider，意为让读者“考虑一下”果蝇实验，从而引出下文。其他选项 Suppose“假定，设想”，Observe“观察”，Imagine“想象”，均不符合语境。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.tended B.fearedC.happenedD.thr
47、eatened解析：解析：考查动词辨析。此处意为“通过训练变得更聪明的果蝇，其寿命往往比普通果蝇短”，这是实验中经常发生的情况，tend to“易于，趋向做”，因此选 Atended。fear to“害怕做，happen to“碰巧做”，threaten to“威胁要做”，均不合理。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.thinnerB.stablerC.lighterD.dimmer 解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。前文讲到“聪明的果蝇寿命往往较短”，下面新举了个例子，用灯泡的亮灯时间和亮度的关系来做类比，所以选 Ddimmer“较暗的”。lighter“更亮的”，与前文意思相悖。thinner“更薄的，更瘦的”，stabler“更稳定的”，均不符合题意。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.tendencyB.advantage C.inclinationD.priority解析：解析：考查上下文理解与名词辨析。上文已经告诉我们聪明的果蝇往往寿命较短，越不亮的灯泡用的时间越长，所以这里的含义为：“不亮的灯泡和不聪明的人是有优势的”，故选 Badvantage“优势”，an advantage in“在方面具有优
