1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TR 19231:2014 Health informatics Survey of mHealth projects in low and middle income countries (LMIC)PD ISO/TR 19231:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 19231:2014. The UK participation in its preparati
2、on was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/35, Health informatics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applic
3、ation. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 85630 3 ICS 35.240.80 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy
4、 Committee on 30 November 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TR 19231:2014 ISO 2014 Health informatics Survey of mHealth projects in low and middle income countries (LMIC) Informatique de sant tude de projets de sant mobile dans les pays revenu bas et moyen TECHNICAL
5、REPORT ISO/TR 19231 Reference number ISO/TR 19231:2014(E) First edition 2014-11-15PD ISO/TR 19231:2014ISO/TR 19231:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized o
6、therwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright off
7、ice Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandPD ISO/TR 19231:2014ISO/TR 19231:2014(E)Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Symb
8、ols and abbreviated terms . 2 5 mHealth survey around the world . 3 5.1 Africa 3 5.2 Asia 4 5.3 South America . 6 6 mHealth use cases in LMIC . 7 6.1 Education and awareness 7 6.2 Remote data collection . 7 6.3 Remote monitoring . 8 6.4 Communication and training for healthcare workers . 8 6.5 Disea
9、se and epidemic outbreak tracking . 8 6.6 Diagnostics and treatment support 9 6.7 Sharing a medical image annotated with a region of interest 9 7 Interoperable mHealth frameworks survey for LMIC 9 7.1 ISO 14639 (all parts) 9 7.2 SA (Standards Australia) Handbook 137, 138 10 7.3 HL7 Services-Aware In
10、teroperability Framework (SAIF).11 7.4 HISA (Health Informatics Service Architecture) ISO 12967 .11 Bibliography .13 ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiPD ISO/TR 19231:2014ISO/TR 19231:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standa
11、rds bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organ
12、izations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its
13、further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/dire
14、ctives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in th
15、e Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions rela
16、ted to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 215, Health Informatics.iv ISO 2014 All rights re
17、servedPD ISO/TR 19231:2014ISO/TR 19231:2014(E) Introduction Mobile Health (mHealth) is a hot topic in the health information technology (IT) industry because it can make a big difference in healthcare services. The United Nations (UN) and World Health Organization (WHO) are interested in mHealth tec
18、hnology to help overcome the current low quality healthcare services in low and middle income countries (LMIC). The UN describes use cases that are applicable to mHealth in LMIC: Education and Awareness; Remote Data Collection; Remote Monitoring; Communication and Training for Healthcare Workers; Di
19、sease and Epidemic Outbreak Tracking; and Diagnostics and Treatment Support. WHO also describes use cases: Health call centres/Healthcare telephone help line; Emergency toll-free telephone services; Treatment compliance; Appointment reminders; Community mobilization and health promotion; Raising awa
20、reness; Mobile telemedicine; Public health emergencies; Health surveys and surveillance; Patient monitoring; Information Initiatives; Decision support systems; and Patient records. For more use cases, see References 1 and 2. There are several eHealth frameworks already developed by a number of organ
21、izations such as Health Level Seven (HL7), ISO/TC215, CEN/TC251, and Standards Australia (SA). Before suggesting an interoperable mHealth framework, currently available eHealth frameworks are surveyed and investigated to recognize how suitable each eHealth framework is for mHealth. ISO 2014 All righ
22、ts reserved vPD ISO/TR 19231:2014PD ISO/TR 19231:2014Health informatics Survey of mHealth projects in low and middle income countries (LMIC) 1 Scope This Technical Report surveys ongoing national mHealth projects in LMIC, to which some emerging technologies such as zero configuration and proximity c
23、omputing are applicable, especially when the information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure is not established in those countries. The scope is constrained to mHealth use cases and technologies for information and communication infrastructures that are useful for LMICs. In addition, t
24、he purpose of this Technical Report is to survey not only national mHealth projects in LMICs, but also possible mHealth frameworks that might be used. 2 Normative references There are no normative references in this document. 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the followin
25、g terms and definitions apply. 3.1 clinician health professional who delivers health services directly to a patient/client 3.2 patient individual person that is a subject of care 3.3 HIV /AIDS h u m a n i m m u n o d e f i c i e n c y v i r u s i n f e c t i o n ac qu i r e d i m m u no de f ic ienc
26、 y s y nd r ome disease of the human immune immunodeficiency virus 3.4 SIM card subscriber identity module s ub s c r ib e r ide nt i f ic at ion mo du le (SIM) integrated circuit that securely stores the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and the related key used to identify and authen
27、ticate subscribers on mobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers) 3.5 infrastructure basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 19231:
28、2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TR 19231:2014ISO/TR 19231:2014(E) 3.6 c on f ide nt i a l i t y property that information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorised individuals, entities, or processes SOURCE: ISO 7498-2:1989 3.7 standard document, established by consensus and ap
29、proved by a recognised body that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004 3.8 solution successful resolution to a medical problem 3.
30、9 service ability of a system to provide a set of output information based on a defined set of input information SOURCE: ISO 12967-1:2009 3.10 healthcare activities, services, or supplies related to the health of an individual 3.11 healthcare worker healthcare professional involved in the direct pro
31、vision of healthcare 3.12 organization unique framework of authority within which a person or persons act, or are designated to act, towards some purpose SOURCE: ISO 6523-1:1998 3.13 subject of care person scheduled to receive, receiving, or having healthcare SOURCE: ISO/EN 13606-1:2008 3.14 use cas
32、e textual and graphical depiction of the actors and operations that address information exchange in the context of a set of specific tasks performed by different systems or devices 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms mHealth Mobile Health LMIC Low and Middle Income Countries SMS Short Message Services P
33、DA Personal Digital Assistant2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/TR 19231:2014ISO/TR 19231:2014(E) UHI Universal Health Identifier Service NASH National Authentication Service for Health NPC National Product Catalogue CADA Chinese Aged Diabetic Assistant AESSIMS Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Surveill
34、ance Information System SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome TCD Trinity College Dublin ATNF Apollo Telemedicine Networking Foundation 5 mHealth survey around the world Mobile devices have been reaching more people in many developing countries than power grids, road systems, water works, or fibre
35、optic networks. Mobile services offer a way for the public and private sectors to reach these communities, and one of the most important spheres for this interactive contact is health. 3As a result, this report survey mHealth projects which are conducted nationwide around the world. Furthermore, sev
36、eral use cases of mHealth are illustrated in the next chapter in order to classify the possible mHealth services. 5.1 Africa 5.1.1 Project: Masiluleke Country: South Africa Participants: Pop! Tech Accelerator, Parakeet Foundation, iTeach, frog design, MTN, Nokia-Siemens Networks, National AIDS Helpl
37、ine, National Geographic Society, Ghetto Ruff Records, Children of South African Legacies, Aricent Application Area: Education and Awareness Description: Project Masiluleke was proposed and this project is in progress to harness the power of mobile technology as a high-impact, low-cost tool in the f
38、ight against HIV/AIDS. The project provides a suite of interventions targeting the entire HIV/AIDS care continuum under the guidance of an international, multidisciplinary team. The project contributes to HIV/AIDS care by promoting testing, treatment connection/adherence, and, ultimately, improved a
39、ccess to testing through an innovative home HIV test kit supported by mobile counselling. Project Masiluleke is encouraging people who are scheduled to be tested and treated for HIV/AIDS in South Africa by sending one million text messages per day. Capitalizing on the ubiquity of mobile devices in e
40、ven the most resource constrained areas makes the potential for this project to revolutionize the public health response to HIV/AIDS in South Africa and other parts of the globe. The model is designed for scale and replication and can be modified to address a variety of public health and social chal
41、lenges. Local languages are used for these messages and messages are used to direct recipients to the National AIDS Helpline. Representatives of the hotline provide information about testing services and locations when patients call. 5.1.2 Project: The Dokoza system Country: South Africa Participant
42、: Dokoza, State Information Technology Agency (SITA), Centre for Public Service Innovation (CPSI), Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Meraka Institute, with the cooperation of South Africas National Department of Health ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3PD ISO/TR 19231:2014ISO/
43、TR 19231:2014(E) Application Area: Remote Data Collection Description: The goal of Dokoza system in South Africa is to provide solutions for integrating mobile data collection with existing health information systems which is essential for advancing patient care. In other words, this solution is SMS
44、-based mobile system designed to fast-track and it improves critical services to HIV/AIDS and TB (tuberculosis) patients. In this solution, SIM cards, which can be used across the networks, interact with a more complex back-end system that integrates with existing hospital information systems. Integ
45、rating with existing infrastructure offers the possibility of dramatic improvements to existing patient health information records. Also, in the 2004 pilot, both doctors and patients found the system to be user-friendly. During the pilot test, some problems have been detected including the duplicati
46、on of data entry in instances where paper-based systems already exist and staff shortages which hampered information collection. Despite the availability of this technology, there are little new data on its impact until the end of the pilot. 5.1.3 Project: Mobile HIV/AIDS Support Country: Uganda Par
47、ticipant: Trinity College Dublin Application Area: Communication and Training for Healthcare Workers Description: In the developing world, training the trainers (providing healthcare workers in the field with accessible and reliable medical information) is essential for improved health service deliv
48、ery. To explore the potential advantages of using PDAs in HIV/AIDS care and treatment, Trinity College Dublin (TCD) is collaborating with the medical school at Maker ere Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. The aim of this project is providing high-quality medical information and advising healthcare workers
49、 in Uganda and throughout sub-Saharan Africa. The project leaders (a group of academic clinicians from TCD, the Dublin Institute of Technology, and North American universities) developed a prototype of a training program on the clinical care, research, and prevention of HIV/AIDS, after an initial needs assessment. By selecting a group of healthcare workers in the field, this program was scheduled to be evaluated, however, testing and evaluation results have not yet been published. 5.1.4 Project: Cell Phone Apps for Clinical
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