API RP 13B-2-2014 Recommended Practice for Field Testing Oil-based Drilling Fluids (FIFTH EDITION ERTA 1 AUGUST 2014 ERTA 2 MARCH 2018) .pdf

1、Recommended Practice for Field Testing Oil-based Drilling FluidsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 13B-2FIFTH EDITION, APRIL 2014ERRATA 1, AUGUST 2014Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regu

2、lations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any lia

3、bility or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.Us

4、ers of this recommended practice hould not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Soundbusiness, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort h

5、as been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from

6、 its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying s

7、ound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requ

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11、ring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform

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14、n should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, t

15、elephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.This standard shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be used voluntarily from the date ofdistribution.Standards referenced herein may be

16、replaced by other international or national standards that can be shown to meetor exceed the requirements of the referenced standard.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.This standard replac

17、es the Fourth Edition of API Recommended Practice 13B-2.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Symbols and Abbreviations. . .

19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2

20、Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Determination of Drilling Fluid Density (Mud Weight). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、. . 105.1 Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.2 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.3 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.4 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Alternative Method for Determination of Drilling Fluid Density. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.1 Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.2 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.3 Procedure. . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136.4 Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . . . . . 147 Viscosity and Gel Strength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.1 Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.2 Determination of Viscosity Using the Marsh Funnel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147.3 Determination of Viscosity and Gel Strengths Using a Direct-reading Viscometer . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、. . . . 158 Static Filtration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.1 Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188.2 High-temperature/High-pressure Test up to 175 C (350 F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198.3 High-temperature/High-pressure Test 175 C (350 F) up to and Including 230 C (450 F). . . . . . . . . . . 229

30、Retort Test for Oil, Water, and Solids Concentrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249.1 Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31、. . . . . 249.2 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259.3 Procedure-Volumetric Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269.4 Calculation-Volumetric Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279.5 Procedure-Gravimetric Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299.6 Calculation-Gravimetric Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319.7 Calculation-Volume Fractions of Oil, Water, and Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3210 Chemical Analysis of Oil-based Drilling Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3410.1 Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3410.2 Reagents and Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3510.3 Base alkalinity demand (BAD), VB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3610.4 Whole-drilling-fluid Alkalinity, VK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3710.5 Whole-drilling-fluid Chloride Concentration . . . . .

37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3910.6 Whole-drilling-fluid Calcium Concentration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4011 Electrical Stability Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4111.1 Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4111.2 Apparatus . . .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4111.3 Equipment Calibration/Performance Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

40、211.4 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42vContentsPage12 Lime, Salinity, and Solids Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4312.1 Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4312.2 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4412.3 Whole-drilling-fluid Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4412.4 Aqueous Phase Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . .

43、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4712.5 Soluble and Insoluble Whole-drilling-fluid Sodium Chloride Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5112.6 Calculation-Solids in the Whole Drilling Fluid . . . . . . . . . .

44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Annex A (informative) Measurement of Shear Strength Using Shearometer Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Annex B (informative) Determination of Oil and Water Retained on Cuttings. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Annex C (informative) Determination of Aqueous-phase Activity of Emulsified Water Using an Electro Hygrometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Annex D (informativ

46、e) Determination of Aniline Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Annex E (informative) Lime, Salinity, and Solids Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Annex F (informative) Sampling

47、, Inspection, and Rejection of Drilling Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Annex G (informative) Rig-site Sampling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Annex H (informative) Determination of Cutting

48、s Activity by the Chenevert Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Annex I (informative) Chemical Analysis of Active Sulfides by the Garrett Gas Train Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Annex J (informative) Calibration and Verification of Glassware, Thermometers, Viscometers, Retort Kit Cu

49、p, and Drilling Fluid Balances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Annex K (informative) High-temperature/High-pressure Filtration Testing of Drilling Fluids Using the Permeability-plugging Apparatus (PPA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Annex L (informative) Compatibility of Elastomeric Materials with Non-aqueous-Based Drilling Fluids . . . 115Annex M (informative) Sand Content Procedure for Non-aqueous Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . .