ANSI API MPMS 5.8-2011 Manual of Petroluem Measurement Standards Chapter 5.8 Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flow Meters (SECOND EDITION ERTA February 2014).pdf

1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 5.8Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flow MetersANSI/API MPMS 5.8-2011SECOND EDITION, NOVEMBER 2011ERRATA, FEBRUARY 2014Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 5.8Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flow MetersMeas

2、urement Coordination DepartmentANSI/API MPMS 5.8-2011SECOND EDITION, NOVEMBER 2011ERRATA, FEBRUARY 2014Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither A

3、PI nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any u

4、se, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by an

5、yone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or respons

6、ibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not

7、intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or m

8、aterials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Users of this Standar

9、d should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, sci-entific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval syste

10、m, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2011 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing conta

11、ined in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability

12、for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or c

13、omments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the mater

14、ial published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API St

15、andards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standards

16、api.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Field of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Design Considerations . . . . . . .

19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Bi-directional Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Selecting

20、a Meter and Accessory Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、. 57.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 Flow Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 Electrical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Meter Performance . . . . . .

24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Proving Accuracy and Repeatability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 Operation and

25、Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.1 System Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . . 710.2 Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.3 Operation of Metering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.4 Setting the UFM Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.5 Pulse Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.6 Methods of Controlling Correction Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.7 Zeroing the Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 Auditing and Reporting Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.2 UFM Configuration Parameters and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.3 Alarm, Event Logs . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913 U

32、FM Security and Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Annex A (informative) UFM Measurement Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12A

33、nnex B (informative) Verification and Validation of Meter Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Annex C (informative) Manufactured Flow Pulses and Their Impact on the Proving Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Annex D (informative) Reynolds Number Performance C

34、urve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Figures1 Typical Elements of a Single U

35、FM Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 UFM Main Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8A.1 UFM Transit Time Method

36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13vContentsPageD.1 Flow Profile and Boundary Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19D

37、.2 Increasing Boundary Layer Thickness with Decreasing Reynolds Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19D.3 Constant Boundary Layer Thickness with Constant Reynolds Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20D.4 Meter Factor vs Flowrate 3 Oils . . . . . . . . . . . .

38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21D.5 Meter Factor vs Reynolds Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21D.6 Meter Factor vs Reynolds Number Characterized . .

39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22TablesB.1 Proving an Ultrasonic Flow Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15viIntroductionThis document describes methods for the i

40、nstallation and operation of Ultrasonic Flow Meters (UFMs) when they are used to measure liquid hydrocarbons.Ultrasonic meters are inferential meters that derive the liquid flow rate by measuring the transit times of high-frequency sound pulses. Transit times are measured from sound pulses traveling

41、 diagonally across the pipe, downstream with the flow and upstream against the liquid flow. The difference in these transit times is related to the average liquid flow velocity along multiple acoustic paths. Numerical calculation techniques are then used to compute the average axial liquid flow velo

42、city and the liquid volume flow rate at line conditions through the meter. See Annex A for additional details.vii1Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flow Meters1 Scope1.1 GeneralThis document defines the application criteria for UFMs and addresses the appropriate considerations regardi

43、ng the liquids to be measured. This document addresses the installation, operation, and maintenance of UFMs in liquid hydrocarbon service.1.2 Field of ApplicationThe field of application of this standard is the dynamic measurement of liquid hydrocarbons. While this document is specifically written f

44、or custody transfer measurement, other acceptable applications may include allocation measurement, check meter measurement, and leak detection measurement. This document only pertains to spool type, multi-path ultrasonic flow meters with permanently affixed acoustic transducer assemblies. 2 Normativ

45、e ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. API MPMS Chapter 4.5, Master-Meter Pr

46、oversAPI MPMS Chapter 4.8, Operation of Proving SystemsAPI MPMS Chapter 6.1, Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT) SystemsAPI MPMS Chapter 6.2, Loading Rack Metering SystemsAPI MPMS Chapter 6.4, Metering Systems for Aviation Fueling FacilitiesAPI MPMS Chapter 6.5, Metering Systems for Loading and

47、Unloading Marine Bulk CarriersAPI MPMS Chapter 6.6, Pipeline Metering SystemsAPI MPMS Chapter 6.7, Metering Viscous HydrocarbonsAPI MPMS Chapter 13.1-1985, Statistical Concepts and Procedures in MeasurementAPI MPMS Chapter 21.2, Electronic Liquid Volume Measurement Using Positive Displacement and Tu

48、rbine Meters3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.3.1acoustic pathThe path that the acoustic signals follow as they propagate through the measurement section between the acoustic transducer elements.2 API MANUAL OF PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT STANDARDS,

49、 CHAPTER 5METERING3.2acoustic transducerA component that produces either an acoustic output in response to an electric stimulus and/or an electric output in response to an acoustic stimulus.3.3axial flow velocityThe component of liquid flow velocity at a point in the measurement section that is parallel to the measurement sections axis and in the direction of the flow being measured.3.4flow-conditioning elementA device for reducing swirl and velocity distortions. 3.5K-factorpulses per unit volume.3.6meter runThe section of piping which includes the upstream flow-conditioning section