1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 5.8Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flow MetersANSI/API MPMS 5.8-2011SECOND EDITION, NOVEMBER 2011ERRATA, FEBRUARY 2014Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 5.8Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flow MetersMeas
2、urement Coordination DepartmentANSI/API MPMS 5.8-2011SECOND EDITION, NOVEMBER 2011ERRATA, FEBRUARY 2014Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither A
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16、api.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Field of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Design Considerations . . . . . . .
19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Bi-directional Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Selecting
20、a Meter and Accessory Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. 57.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 Flow Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.3 Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 Electrical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Meter Performance . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Proving Accuracy and Repeatability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 Operation and
25、Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.1 System Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . 710.2 Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.3 Operation of Metering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.4 Setting the UFM Response Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710.5 Pulse Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.6 Methods of Controlling Correction Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.7 Zeroing the Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911 Auditing and Reporting Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.2 UFM Configuration Parameters and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911.3 Alarm, Event Logs . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913 U
32、FM Security and Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Annex A (informative) UFM Measurement Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12A
33、nnex B (informative) Verification and Validation of Meter Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Annex C (informative) Manufactured Flow Pulses and Their Impact on the Proving Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Annex D (informative) Reynolds Number Performance C
34、urve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Figures1 Typical Elements of a Single U
35、FM Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 UFM Main Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8A.1 UFM Transit Time Method
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13vContentsPageD.1 Flow Profile and Boundary Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19D
37、.2 Increasing Boundary Layer Thickness with Decreasing Reynolds Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19D.3 Constant Boundary Layer Thickness with Constant Reynolds Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20D.4 Meter Factor vs Flowrate 3 Oils . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21D.5 Meter Factor vs Reynolds Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21D.6 Meter Factor vs Reynolds Number Characterized . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22TablesB.1 Proving an Ultrasonic Flow Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15viIntroductionThis document describes methods for the i
40、nstallation and operation of Ultrasonic Flow Meters (UFMs) when they are used to measure liquid hydrocarbons.Ultrasonic meters are inferential meters that derive the liquid flow rate by measuring the transit times of high-frequency sound pulses. Transit times are measured from sound pulses traveling
41、 diagonally across the pipe, downstream with the flow and upstream against the liquid flow. The difference in these transit times is related to the average liquid flow velocity along multiple acoustic paths. Numerical calculation techniques are then used to compute the average axial liquid flow velo
42、city and the liquid volume flow rate at line conditions through the meter. See Annex A for additional details.vii1Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Ultrasonic Flow Meters1 Scope1.1 GeneralThis document defines the application criteria for UFMs and addresses the appropriate considerations regardi
43、ng the liquids to be measured. This document addresses the installation, operation, and maintenance of UFMs in liquid hydrocarbon service.1.2 Field of ApplicationThe field of application of this standard is the dynamic measurement of liquid hydrocarbons. While this document is specifically written f
44、or custody transfer measurement, other acceptable applications may include allocation measurement, check meter measurement, and leak detection measurement. This document only pertains to spool type, multi-path ultrasonic flow meters with permanently affixed acoustic transducer assemblies. 2 Normativ
45、e ReferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. API MPMS Chapter 4.5, Master-Meter Pr
46、oversAPI MPMS Chapter 4.8, Operation of Proving SystemsAPI MPMS Chapter 6.1, Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT) SystemsAPI MPMS Chapter 6.2, Loading Rack Metering SystemsAPI MPMS Chapter 6.4, Metering Systems for Aviation Fueling FacilitiesAPI MPMS Chapter 6.5, Metering Systems for Loading and
47、Unloading Marine Bulk CarriersAPI MPMS Chapter 6.6, Pipeline Metering SystemsAPI MPMS Chapter 6.7, Metering Viscous HydrocarbonsAPI MPMS Chapter 13.1-1985, Statistical Concepts and Procedures in MeasurementAPI MPMS Chapter 21.2, Electronic Liquid Volume Measurement Using Positive Displacement and Tu
48、rbine Meters3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.3.1acoustic pathThe path that the acoustic signals follow as they propagate through the measurement section between the acoustic transducer elements.2 API MANUAL OF PETROLEUM MEASUREMENT STANDARDS,
49、 CHAPTER 5METERING3.2acoustic transducerA component that produces either an acoustic output in response to an electric stimulus and/or an electric output in response to an acoustic stimulus.3.3axial flow velocityThe component of liquid flow velocity at a point in the measurement section that is parallel to the measurement sections axis and in the direction of the flow being measured.3.4flow-conditioning elementA device for reducing swirl and velocity distortions. 3.5K-factorpulses per unit volume.3.6meter runThe section of piping which includes the upstream flow-conditioning section
