ANSI ASME B18.18-2017 Quality Assurance for Fasteners.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B18.18-2017(Revision of ASME B18.18-2011)Quality Assurance for FastenersASME B18.18-2017(Revision of ASME B18.18-2011)QualityAssurance forFastenersAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: June 16, 2017This Standard will b

2、e revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the Committee Web page and undergo.asme.org/InterpsDatabase. Periodically certain actions of th

3、e ASME B18 Committee may bepublished as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME Web site under the B18 Committee Page atgo.asme.org/B18committee as they are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published

4、 items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The B18 Committee Page can be found at go.asme.org/B18committee. There is an option availableto automatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a parti

5、cular code or standard.This option can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeti

6、ng the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comme

7、nt that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any p

8、atent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determin

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10、dard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval sys

11、tem or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2017 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vCorrespon

12、dence With the B18 Committee vi1 General Information 12 Basic Plan Requirements . 13 Category 1 Optional Receiving Inspection Plan for Purchasers 34 Category2Fasteners Intended for General Purpose Applications 35 Category3Fasteners Intended for Specialized Applications. 46 Category 4 Automated Assem

13、bly Fasteners 4Tables1 Categories 2, 3, and 4 Attributes 62 Category 2 Sample Sizes 93 Category 3 Sample Sizes 94 Category 1 Attributes . 10iiiFOREWORDThis Standard is intended to be used as part of a contractual agreement between sellers andbuyers of fasteners. It provides minimum criteria for four

14、 categories of metric and inch fastenersof any material type. It is to be used in concert with the specifications that apply to a given part.This Standard is intended to be a part within a larger quality assurance structure that addresseshighly specific elements of quality planning, material control

15、, human resources, gaging andtesting, procedures, blueprint and standards control, and ongoing improvements that are necessaryto permit the effective realization of the fastener itself. Such structures shall ideally be internation-ally recognized, but can be buyer specific.This Standard also provide

16、s minimum criteria for manufacturing inspection and final inspectionand allows for the necessary measure of flexibility and ingenuity of manufacturing approachesthat suppliers may use as they comply with the standards requirements and end objectives. Itprovides reference material to enable buyers an

17、d sellers to make modifications to their plansshould they find that necessary in meeting the requirements of this Standard and those of theirbuyers.In the implementation of this Standard, buyers must become cognizant of the source of supplymanufacturing quality plan and use a means of their own to e

18、nsure that it is effective and thatit is conscientiously and continuously being developed and improved. Nonconformity preventionand continuous improvement must be an ongoing cultural element that is applied by all membersof the supply chain.Historically, the fastener industry has been served by the

19、standards ASME B18.18.1, B18.18.2,B18.18.3M, B18.18.4M, B18.18.5M, B18.18.6M, and B18.18.7M. These very standards have beenreplaced by this document but may still be referenced throughout the industry. The B18 StandardsCommittee and related Subcommittees are committed to replacing references to the

20、aforemen-tioned documents with a reference to this document.This revision was undertaken based on feedback from fastener manufacturers. The main concernexpressed was regarding the final inspection of Category 3 fasteners. It was never intendedthat in-process inspection completed by high quality fast

21、ener manufacturers would have to beduplicated by a laboratory. As more users requested Category 3 quality requirements, it becameapparent that a revision was needed to clarify that fasteners supplied to Category 3 are manufac-tured by an ISO 9001 (or similarly recognized) registered factory, and tha

22、t any necessary finalinspection would be completed by an accredited test facility. The Nonmandatory Appendixregarding test report contents was removed because it had not been widely accepted. Other minorchanges were made in the interests of clarity and conciseness.This revision was approved by the A

23、merican National Standards Institute on April 6, 2017.ivASME B18 COMMITTEEStandardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws,Washers, and Similar Fasteners(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSF. J. Perry, ChairD. S. George, V

24、ice ChairA. L. Guzman Rodriguez, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELT. Anderson, Bay BoltL. Borowski, Greenslade however, they should not contain proprietary names orinformation.viRequests that are not in the format described above may be rewritten in the appropriate formatby the Committee prior

25、to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of theoriginal request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the co

26、gnizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The B18 Standards Committee regularly holds meetingsand/or telephone conferences that are open to the public. Persons

27、wishing to attend any meetingand/or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the B18 Standards Committee. FutureCommittee meeting dates and locations can be found on the Committee Page atgo.asme.org/B18committee.viiINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKviiiASME B18.18-2017QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR FASTENE

28、RS1 GENERAL INFORMATION1.1 ScopeThis quality-focused Standard establishes in-processand final inspection requirements for fastener productsas well as a receiving inspection plan for fastener pur-chasers. This Standard identifies four categories, recog-nizing that fastener users have widely varyingre

29、quirements. The four categories covered are as follows:(a) Category1areceiving inspection plan forpurchasers(b) Categories 2 and3utilizes documented andverifiable in-process controls structured at the produc-ers discretion(c) Category 4 includes all of the requirements ofCategory 2 plus 100% inspect

30、ion for a specific featureor featuresIn the preparation of this Standard, it was recognizedthat its function must enable it to be a part of the variousregimens in use today that attain certain quality levelsof products. This Standard was written to encompassframeworks that enable the users of this S

31、tandard topinpoint which category they wish to use in meetingtheir own objectives.1.2 ReferencesThe following is a list of publications referenced in thisStandard. Unless otherwise specified, the latest editionshall apply:ASME B1.3M, Screw Thread Gaging Systems forDimensional Acceptability Inch Metr

32、ic ScrewThreads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ)ASME B18.6.3, Machine Screws, Tapping Screws, andMetallic Drive Screws (Inch Series)ASME B18.12, Glossary of Terms for MechanicalFastenersPublisher: The American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME), Two Park Avenue, New York,NY 10016-5990 (www.asme.org)ASTM

33、 F1470, Standard Practice for Fastener Samplingfor Specified Mechanical Properties and PerformanceInspectionASTM F1941, Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Coatings on Mechanical Fasteners,Inch and MetricPublisher: American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM International), 100 Barr Harbo

34、r Drive, P. O.Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959(www.astm.org)1ISO 9001, Quality management systems RequirementsISO/IEC 17011, Conformity assessment Generalrequirements for accreditation bodies accrediting con-formity assessment bodiesISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the compe-tence o

35、f testing and calibration laboratoriesISO/TS 16949, Quality management systems Particular requirements for the application ofISO 9001:2000 for automotive production and relevantservice part organizationsPublisher: International Organization forStandardization (ISO) Central Secretariat, Chemin deBlan

36、donnet 8, Case Postale 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,Switzerland (www.iso.org)1.3 Measuring and Testing EquipmentAll inspection and testing equipment that is used forthe acceptance of Categories 2, 3, and 4 fasteners shallbe calibrated by a laboratory that has been accreditedto ISO/IEC 17025 by an accre

37、ditation body that operatesin accordance with ISO/IEC 17011. Calibration may alsobe conducted by an organization authorized by the origi-nal equipment manufacturer. Calibration shall be trace-able to the National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST) Standard or an equivalent nationalor intern

38、ational standard.1.4 TerminologyFor definitions of terminology not specifically definedin this Standard, refer to ASME B18.12.1.4.1 Lot. The definition of lot is provided in ASMEB18.12. In the case of fastener assemblies, such as screwand washer assemblies, the manufacturer shall maintainlot traceab

39、ility for all components. A finished fastenerassembly lot shall comprise a single lot of each compo-nent that makes up the final assembly.1.5 Designation of Final Inspection CategoryProcurement documents should indicate which cate-gory (2, 3, or 4) of final inspection is required. Examplesof designa

40、tion are provided under the appropriateinspection category sections of this document.2 BASIC PLAN REQUIREMENTS2.1 Understanding the Basic Requirements2.1.1 Sampling Acceptance Criterion. The accept-ance criterion for final inspection is zero nonconformi-ties (Cp0) for all inspections. However, it sh

41、ould beASME B18.18-2017recognized that zero nonconformities (Cp0) in a sam-pling plan does not mean that the population is entirelyfree of defects.2.2 In-Process Inspection2.2.1 Fabricating Operations. General inspectionprocedures shall be established on the basis of engi-neering and manufacturing e

42、xperience with regard tothe effort of setup, tooling, operator, machine setup,and operation on each characteristic at each processingstation. The minimum in-process requirements at eachmachine or processing station shall be as follows:(a) Five pieces shall be visually examined for grossdefects and s

43、urface discontinuities as required by theapplicable standards. Three pieces shall be verified forpart characteristics imparted to it by that machine orprocessing station in accordance with Table 1 at thefollowing times:(1) at the start of each production run(2) at the start of each new shift(3) when

44、 a tool is changed or when an adjustmentin machine setup is made(4) at the completion of each manufacturingoperationNOTE: When tungsten carbide dies are used, it is only necessaryto verify a single piece for formed dimensions.(b) During the production run, on a frequency of notless than one part per

45、 every 2 hr, parts shall be inspectedfor all designated part characteristics imparted to it bythat machine or processing station in accordance withTable 1.2.2.2 Heat Treatment. All heat-treating processesand heat-treatment equipment shall be regularly moni-tored to ensure process control and proper

46、functioningof equipment. Monitoring equipment shall be calibratedby an accredited organization or an organization author-ized by the original equipment manufacturer (seepara. 1.3).2.2.3 Finishing Operations. All plating, coating, andpost lubrication processes and equipment shall be regu-larly monito

47、red to ensure process control and properfunctioning of equipment per applicable standards andspecifications.NOTE: Records of in-process inspections are not required for anycategory. If process records are maintained for Category 3 products,the lower final inspection sample sizes shown in Table 2 may

48、 beused instead of the sample sizes indicated in Table 3.2.3 Final InspectionEvery lot of fasteners shall be subjected to a finalinspection in accordance with the specified final inspec-tion category. The final inspection is intended to verifylot identification and to inspect designated characteris-

49、tics for conformance to related standards, specifications,2and engineering drawings. Final inspection of any char-acteristic may be conducted at any point after whichthat characteristic will not be altered. Records of finalinspection shall be maintained in accordance withpara. 2.6.2.4 Acceptance and Rejection2.4.1 Raw Material. All raw material (rod, wire,bar, or sheet) shall meet the applicable requirements.Nonconforming raw materials shall not be used for theproduction of fasteners and shall be quarantined untildisposition.2.4.2 Manufactured Products. All parts shall