1、Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint AssemblyAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME PCC-12013(Revision of ASME PCC-12010)ASME PCC-12013(Revision of ASME PCC-12010)Guidelines forPressure BoundaryBolted Flange JointAssemblyAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USAD
2、ate of Issuance: November 12, 2013This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisdocument. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pag
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11、 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2013 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . vi1 Scope. 12 Introduction . 13 Training and Qualification of Bolted Joint Assembly Personnel 14 Cleaning and Examination of Flan
12、ge and Fastener Contact Surfaces . 15 Alignment of Flanged Joints 26 Installation of Gasket 27 Lubrication of “Working” Surfaces 58 Installation of Bolts 59 Numbering of Bolts 610 Tightening of Bolts 611 Tightening Sequence 1312 Target Torque Determination 1613 Joint Pressure and Tightness Testing 1
13、614 Records . 1615 Joint Disassembly . 1716 References 20Figures1 Indicator-Type Bolting for Through-Bolted Joints 112 Indicator-Type Bolting for Studded Joints . 123 Example Legacy and Alternative to Legacy Numbering Sequences for 12-BoltJoint . 144 48-Bolt Flange Bolt-Grouping Example 155 Example
14、Short Assembly Record . 176 Example Medium-Length Assembly Record . 187 Example Long Assembly Record 19Tables1M Reference Values for Calculating Target Torque Values for Low-Alloy SteelBolting Based on Target Prestress of 345 MPa (Root Area) (SI Units) . 31 Reference Values for Calculating Target To
15、rque Values for Low-Alloy SteelBolting Based on Target Prestress of 50 ksi (Root Area) (U.S. CustomaryUnits) . 42 Torque Increments for Legacy Cross-Pattern Tightening Using a Single Tool 73 Recommended Tool, Tightening Method, and Load-Control TechniqueSelection Based on Service Applications 74 Leg
16、acy Cross-Pattern Tightening Sequence and Bolt-Numbering SystemWhen Using a Single Tool 84.1 Alternative to Legacy Cross-Pattern Tightening Sequence and Bolt-Numbering System When Using a Single Tool 9iiiAppendicesA Training and Qualification of Bolted Joint Assembly Personnel 23B Description of Com
17、mon Terms . 39C Recommended Gasket Contact Surface Finish for Various Gasket Types 41D Guidelines for Allowable Gasket Contact Surface Flatness and DefectDepth . 42E Flange Joint Alignment Guidelines 48F Alternatives to Legacy Tightening Sequence/Pattern 51G Use of Contractors Specializing in Boltin
18、g Services 65H Bolt Root and Tensile Stress Areas 66I Interaction During Tightening 67J Calculation of Target Torque 68K Nut Factor Calculation of Target Torque 69L ASME B16.5 Flange Bolting Information 70M Washer Usage Guidance and Purchase Specification for Through-HardenedWashers . 71N Definition
19、s, Commentary, and Guidelines on the Reuse of Bolts . 76O Assembly Bolt Stress Determination 78P Guidance on Troubleshooting Flanged Joint Leakage Incidents . 90ivFOREWORDASME formed an Ad Hoc Task Group on Post Construction in 1993 in response to an increasedneed for recognized and generally accept
20、ed engineering standards for the inspection and mainte-nance of pressure equipment after it has been placed in service. At the recommendation of thisTask Group, the Board on Pressure Technology Codes and Standards (BPTCS) formed the PostConstruction Committee (PCC) in 1995. The scope of this committ
21、ee was to develop and maintainstandards addressing common issues and technologies related to post-construction activities andto work with other consensus committees in the development of separate, product-specific codesand standards addressing issues encountered after initial construction for equipm
22、ent and pipingcovered by Pressure Technology Codes and Standards. The BPTCS covers non-nuclear boilers,pressure vessels (including heat exchangers), piping and piping components, pipelines, andstorage tanks.The PCC selects standards to be developed based on identified needs and the availability ofvo
23、lunteers. The PCC formed the Subcommittee on Inspection Planning and the Subcommitteeon Flaw Evaluation in 1995. In 1998, a Task Group under the PCC began preparation of Guidelinesfor Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly and in 1999 the Subcommittee on Repairand Testing was formed. Other t
24、opics are under consideration and may possibly be developedinto future guideline documents.The subcommittees were charged with preparing standards dealing with several aspects of thein-service inspection and maintenance of pressure equipment and piping. Guidelines for PressureBoundary Bolted Flange
25、Joint Assembly (PCC-1) provides guidance and is applicable to both newand in-service bolted flange joint assemblies. The Inspection Planning Using Risk-Based MethodsStandard (PCC-3) provides guidance on the preparation of a risk-based inspection plan. Imperfec-tions found at any stage of assembly, i
26、nstallation, inspection, operation, or maintenance are thenevaluated, when appropriate, using the procedures provided in the Fitness-For-Service Standard(API 579-1/ASME FFS-1). If it is determined that repairs are required, guidance on repair proce-dures is provided in the appropriate portion of the
27、 Repair ofPressure Equipmentand Piping Standard(PCC-2). To provide all stakeholders involved in pressure equipment with a guide to identifypublications related to pressure equipment integrity, a Guide to Life Cycle Management of PressureEquipment Integrity has been prepared (PTB-2).None of these doc
28、uments are Codes. They provide recognized and generally accepted goodpractices that may be used in conjunction with Post-Construction Codes, such as API 510, API 570,and NB-23, and with jurisdictional requirements.The first edition of ASME PCC-1, Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint
29、Assembly,was approved for publication in 2000. The 2010 revision was approved by ANSI as an AmericanNational Standard on January 14, 2010. This 2013 revision includes many updates and a majornew Appendix A titled “Training and Qualification of Bolted Joint Assembly Personnel” andwas approved by ANSI
30、 as an American National Standard on August 12, 2013.vASME PRESSURE TECHNOLOGYPOST CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSC. R. Leonard, ChairD. Peters, Vice ChairS. J. Rossi, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMIT
31、TEE PERSONNELJ. E. Batey, The Dow Chemical Co.C. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co., Inc.D. L. Berger, PPL Generation LLCW. Brown, Integrity Engineering SolutionsP. N. Chaku, Lummus Technology, Inc.E. W. Hayman, ConsultantW. J. Koves, Pi Engineeering Software, Inc.D. A. Lang, FM GlobalD. E. Lay, Hytorc
32、C. R. Leonard, Life Cycle EngineeringK. Mokhtarian, ConsultantC. C. Neely, Becht Engineering Co., Inc.T. M. Parks, The National Board of Boiler and Pressure VesselInspectorsPOST CONSTRUCTION SUBCOMMITTEE ON FLANGE JOINT ASSEMBLY (PCC)C. C. Neely, Chair, Becht Engineering Co., Inc.B. J. Barron, Newpo
33、rt News ShipbuildingW. Brown, Integrity Engineering SolutionsE. W. Hayman, ConsultantD. E. Lay, HytorcviJ. R. Payne, JPAC, Inc.D. Peters, Structural Integrity AssociatesJ. T. Reynolds, Intertek MoodyS. C. Roberts, Shell Global Solutions (U.S.), Inc.C. D. Rodery, BP North American Products, Inc.S. J.
34、 Rossi, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersC. W. Rowley, The Wesley Corp.J. Taagepera, Chevron Energy Technology Co.K. Oyamada, DelegateT. Tahara, DelegateC. D. Cowfer, Contributing Member, Cowfer ConsultingE. Michalopoulos, Contributing Member, Ministry of Economics ofGreeceJ. R. Sims, Jr.
35、, Contributing Member, Becht Engineering Co., Inc.G. Milne, Flexitallic, Ltd.J. R. Payne, JPAC, Inc.C. D. Rodery, BP North American Products, Inc.J. Waterland, VSP TechnologiesASME PCC-12013GUIDELINES FOR PRESSURE BOUNDARYBOLTED FLANGE JOINT ASSEMBLY1 SCOPEThe bolted flange joint assembly (BFJA) gui
36、delinesdescribed in this document apply principally to pres-sure-boundary flanged joints with ring-type gaskets thatare entirely within the circle enclosed by the bolt holesand with no contact outside this circle.1These guidelinesmay be selectively applied to other joint geometries. Byselection of t
37、hose features suitable to the specific serviceor need, these guidelines may be used to develop effec-tive joint assembly procedures for the broad range ofsizes and service conditions normally encountered inindustry.Users are cautioned that the guidelines contained inASME PCC-1 have been developed ge
38、nerically and arerecommended for general applications. They may notnecessarily be suitable for all applications. Precautionaryconsiderations are provided in some cases but shouldnot be considered as all inclusive. Sound engineeringpractices and judgment should be used to determinethe applicability o
39、f a specific method or part of a methodto a specific application. Each joint assembly procedureshould be subject to an appropriate review by qualifiedpersonnel. While this Guideline covers joint assemblywithin the scope of ASME Pressure Technology Codesand Standards, it may be used on equipment cons
40、tructedin accordance with other codes and standards.Guidance on troubleshooting BFJAs not providingleak-tight performance is also provided in this document(see Appendix P).2 INTRODUCTIONA BFJA is a complex mechanical device; therefore,BFJAs that provide leak-free service are the result ofmany select
41、ions/activities having been made/per-formed within a relatively narrow band of acceptablelimits. One of the activities essential to leak-free per-formance is the joint assembly process. The guidelinesoutlined in this document cover the assembly elementsessential for a high level of leak-tightness in
42、tegrity ofotherwise properly designed/constructed BFJAs. It is1Rules for design of bolted flanges with ring-type gaskets arecovered in Mandatory Appendix 2 of ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1; see also NonmandatoryAppendix S for supplementary considerations for bolted fl
43、angesthat are helpful to the designer of Appendix 2 flanges.1recommended that written procedures, incorporatingthe features of these guidelines that are deemed suitableto the specific application under consideration, be devel-oped for use by the joint assemblers. Alternative featuresand methods for
44、specific applications may be used sub-ject to endorsement by the user.NOTE: Within the context of this Guideline, the term “user”includes the user and their authorized agent, as recorded in eitherthe contract documents or in the written assembly procedures (seepara. 14.1).3 TRAINING AND QUALIFICATIO
45、N OF BOLTEDJOINT ASSEMBLY PERSONNELIt is recommended that the user provide, or arrangeto have provided, as appropriate, essential training andqualification in accordance with Appendix A of thebolted joint assembly personnel who will be expectedto follow procedures developed from this Guideline.See s
46、ection F-2 of Appendix F for comments onaccepting flange joint assembly procedures not currentlylisted in these guidelines.The qualification of assemblers in accordance withAppendix A may be considered portable subject to theguidance in para. A-5.3.5.4 CLEANING AND EXAMINATION OF FLANGE ANDFASTENER
47、CONTACT SURFACESBefore assembly is started, clean and examine flangeand fastener contact surfaces as described in this section.With one exception, remove all indications of the pre-vious gasket installation from the gasket contact sur-faces; use approved solvents and/or soft-wire brushes,if required
48、, for cleaning to prevent surface contamina-tion and damage to existing surface finish. Avoid usingcarbon steel brushes on stainless steel flanges.The exception based on experience is residual flexiblegraphite that may remain in the surface finish grooveswhen either a flexible graphite clad or a spi
49、ral-woundgasket with flexible graphite filler is to be used as thereplacement gasket.(a) Examine the gasket contact surfaces of both mat-ing joint flanges for compliance with recommended sur-face finish (see Appendix C) and for damage to surfacefinish such as scratches, nicks, gouges, and burrs. Indica-tions running radially across the facing are of particularASME PCC-12013concern. Refer to Appendix D for guidelines coveringrecommended limits on gasket contact surface imperfec-tions and their locations.(1) It is recommended that surface-finish compara-tor gages be available to jo
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