ANSI ASME PTC 19.5-2004 Flow Measurement.pdf

1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDFlow MeasurementASME PTC 19.5-2004Performance Test CodesIntentionally left blank ASME PTC 19.5-2004FlowMeasurementPerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016Date of Issuance: July 25, 2005The 2004 edition of ASME PTC 19.5 is be

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9、ent may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2005 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reserve

10、dPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSNotice. ixForeword xCommitteeRoster . xiCorrespondenceWiththePTC19.5Committee . xiiiSection 1 Object and Scope . 11-1 Object 11-2 Scope 1Section 2 Definitions, Values, and Descriptions of Terms 22-1 PrimaryDefinitionsandSystemsofUnits . 22-2 HistoricalDefinitionsofUnitsofMe

11、asurement 22-3 SymbolsandDimensions . 32-4 ThermalExpansion . 42-5 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 4Section 3 Differential Pressure Class Meters 193-0 Nomenclature 193-1 GeneralEquationforMassFlowRateThroughaDifferentialPressureClassMeter . 193-2 BasicPhysicalConceptsUsedintheDerivationoftheGeneralEqu

12、ationforMassFlow 203-3 TheoreticalFlowRateLiquidAstheFlowingFluid . 203-4 TheoreticalFlowRateGasorVaporAstheFlowingFluid . 213-5 ErrorsIntroducedinTheoreticalMassFlowRatebyIdealizedFlowAssumptions . 213-6 DischargeCoefficientCintheIncompressibleFluidEquation 213-7 DischargeCoefficientCandtheExpansio

13、nFactor H9280 forGases 213-8 CalculationofExpansionFactor H9280 . 223-9 DeterminingCoefficientofDischargeforDifferentialPressureClassMeters . 223-10 ThermalExpansion/ContractionofPipeandPrimaryElement . 233-11 SelectionandRecommendedUseofDifferentialPressureClassMeters . 233-12 RestrictionsofUse 243

14、-13 ProcedureforSizingaDifferentialPressureClassMeter . 243-14 FlowCalculationProcedure . 243-15 SampleCalculation . 253-16 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 27Section 4 Orifice Meters . 284-0 Nomenclature 284-1 Introduction 284-2 TypesofThin-Plate,Square-EdgedOrifices 284-3 CodeComplianceRequirements .

15、 284-4 MultipleSetsofDifferentialPressureTaps . 284-5 MachiningTolerances,Dimensions,andMarkingsforOrificePlate . 284-6 MachiningTolerancesandDimensionsforDifferentialPressureTaps . 324-7 LocationofTemperatureandStaticPressureMeasurements 344-8 EmpiricalFormulationsforDischargeCoefficientC 344-9 Lim

16、itationsandUncertaintyofEqs.(4-8.1)Through(4-8.7)forDischargeCoefficientC . 35iii4-10 UncertaintyofExpansionFactor H9280 . 354-11 UnrecoverablePressureLoss 354-12 CalculationsofDifferentialPressureClassFlowMeasurementSteadyStateUncertainty 354-13 ProcedureforFittingaCalibrationCurveandExtrapolationT

17、echnique . 394-14 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 42Section 5 Nozzles and Venturis 445-1 RecommendedProportionsofASMENozzles . 445-2 PressureTapRequirements 465-3 InstallationRequirements . 465-4 CoefficientofDischarge . 475-5 TheASMEVenturiTube 495-6 DesignandDesignVariations . 515-7 VenturiPressureT

18、aps . 515-8 DischargeCoefficientoftheASMEVenturi 525-9 InstallationRequirementsfortheASMEVenturi . 525-10 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 53Section 6 Pulsating Flow Measurement . 546-1 Introduction 546-2 Orifices,Nozzles,andVenturis 546-3 TurbineMetersinPulsatingFlow . 586-4 SourcesofFluidandMaterialD

19、ata 61Section 7 Flow Conditioning and Meter Installation Requirements 647-1 Introduction 647-2 FlowConditionersandMeterInstallation . 657-3 PressureTransducerPiping . 697-4 InstallationofTemperatureSensors . 707-5 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 70Section 8 Sonic Flow Nozzles and Venturis Critical Flo

20、w, Choked Flow Condition 728-1 Introduction 728-2 GeneralConsiderations . 758-3 Theory . 768-4 BasicTheoreticalRelationships 788-5 TheoreticalMassFlowCalculations . 788-6 DesignsofSonicNozzlesandVenturiNozzles . 868-7 CoefficientsofDischarge 878-8 Installation . 908-9 PressureandTemperatureMeasureme

21、nts 938-10 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 94Section 9 Flow Measurement by Velocity Traverse . 979-0 Nomenclature 979-1 Introduction 979-2 TraverseMeasurementStations 979-3 RecommendedInstallationRequirements 999-4 CalibrationRequirementsforSensors 1019-5 FlowMeasurementProcedures 1059-6 FlowComputati

22、on 1079-7 ExampleofFlowComputationinaRectangularDuct 1099-8 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 112Section 10 Ultrasonic Flow Meters 11310-1 Scope 11310-2 Applications 11310-3 FlowMeterDescription . 11410-4 Implementation. 116iv10-5 OperationalLimits 11710-6 ErrorSourcesandTheirReduction 11810-7 Exampleso

23、fLarge(1020ft)PipeFieldCalibrationsandAccuraciesAchieved . 12110-8 ApplicationGuidelines(SeeAlsoASMEPTC19.1,TestUncertainty) . 12110-9 InstallationConsiderations 12210-10 MeterFactorDeterminationandVerification. 12210-11 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 123Section 11 Electromagnetic Flow Meters . 12411

24、-1 Introduction 12411-2 MeterConstruction . 12411-3 Calibration . 12711-4 ApplicationConsiderations . 12911-5 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 130Section 12 Tracer Methods Constant Rate Injection Method UsingNonradioactive Tracers . 13112-0 Nomenclature 13112-1 Introduction 13112-2 ConstantRateInjectio

25、nMethod . 13112-3 TracerSelection . 13112-4 MixingLength 13212-5 Procedure 13412-6 FluorimetricMethodofAnalysis 13512-7 FlowTestSetup 13512-8 Errors 13712-9 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 137Section 13 Radioactive Tracer Technique for Measuring Water Flow Rate . 13813-1 TracerRequirements 13813-2 Mea

26、surementPrinciples . 13813-3 LocatingInjectionandSampleTaps . 13813-4 InjectionandSamplingLines . 13913-5 SamplingFlowRate 14013-6 TimingandSequence . 14013-7 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 140Section 14 Mechanical Meters 14214-1 TurbineMeters . 14214-2 TurbineMeterSignalTransducersandIndicators 1421

27、4-3 Calibration . 14314-4 RecommendationsforUse 14414-5 PipingInstallationandDisturbances 14514-6 PositiveDisplacementMeters . 14814-7 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 150Figures4-2-1 LocationofPressureTapsforOrificesWithFlangeTapsandWith DandD/2Taps. 294-2-2 LocationofPressureTapsforOrificesWithCorner

28、Taps . 304-5 StandardOrificePlate 314-5.1 DeflectionofanOrificePlatebyDifferentialPressure 324-13.3 Orifice-MeteringRunCalibrationPointsandFittedCurves(TestDataVersusFittedCurves) 435-0 PrimaryFlowSection . 445-1 ASMEFlowNozzles 455-3-1 BoringinFlowSectionUpstreamofNozzle . 465-3-2 NozzleW ithDiffus

29、ingCone 47v5-5 ProfileoftheASMEVenturi . 506-2.1 MeasuredErrorsVersusOscillatingDifferentialPressureAmplitudeRelativetotheSteadyStateMean. 556-2.2 Fluid-MeteringSystemBlockDiagram 566-2.6 ExperimentalandTheoreticalPulsationError 596-3.1 Semi-LogPlotofTheoreticalMeterPulsationErrorVersusRotorResponse

30、ParameterforSineWaveFlowFluctuation, D2p 0.1,andPulsationIndex,I p 0.1and0.2 606-3.5 ExperimentalMeterPulsationErrorVersusPulsationIndex 617-2.1 RecommendedDesignsofFlowConditioner. 677-3 MethodsofMakingPressureConnectionstoPipes. 718-1-1 IdealMachNumberDistributionAlongVenturiLengthatTypicalSubcrit

31、icalandCriticalFlowConditions 738-1-2 DefinitionofCriticalFlowAstheMaximumoftheFlowEquation,Eq.(8-1.1) 748-2-1 RequirementsforMaintainingCriticalFlowinVenturiNozzles 758-2-2 MassFlowVersusBack-PressureRatioforaFlowNozzleWithoutaDiffuserandaVenturiNozzleWithaDiffuser . 768-3-1 SchematicRepresentation

32、ofFlowDefectsatVenturiThroat 788-3-2 SchematicDiagramofSonicSurfacesattheThroatofanAxiallySymmetricCriticalFlowVenturiNozzle . 788-5-1 GeneralizedCompressibilityChart 818-5-2 ErrorinCriticalFlowFunctionC*iforAirUsingMethod2BasedonIdealGasTheoryWithRatioofSpecificHeatsCorrespondingtotheInletStagnatio

33、nState . 828-5-3 ErrorinMethod3forAirBasedonCriticalFlowFunctions15WhenUsingAirPropertyData 848-5-4 CalculationProcessesfortheIsentropicPathFromInlettoSonicThroatforaRealGasUsingtheMethodofJohnson 858-6-1 StandardizedToroidalThroatSonicFlowVenturiNozzle 878-6-2 StandardizedCylindricalThroatSonicFlow

34、Venturi . 888-6-3 ASMELong-RadiusFlowNozzles . 888-7-1 CompositeResultsforToroidal-ThroatVenturiNozzles 908-7-2 MeanLineDischargeCoefficientCurvesforToroidal-ThroatVenturiNozzles 918-7-3 CompositeGraphofDischargeCoefficientsfortheASMELow-H9252Throat-TapFlowNozzles . 928-8-1 StandardizedInletFlowCond

35、itionerandLocationsforPressureandTemperatureMeasurements . 928-8-2 ComparisonoftheContinuousCurvatureInletWiththeSharp-Lip,Free-StandingInlet 938-9 StandardizedPressureTapGeometry 939-2.1 PipeVelocityMeasurementLoci . 989-4 PitotTubesNotRequiringCalibration(CalibrationCoefficient p 1.000) 1029-4.1 P

36、itotTubesNeedingCalibrationButAcceptable . 1039-4.2 ColeReversiblePitometerStructuralReinforcements . 1049-4.5.1 LaserDopplerVelocimeterSystem 1059-5.1-1 PitotRake 1069-5.1-2 ImpactPressureTubeRake 1069-6.5 VelocityTraverseMeasurementLocifora3 H11547 3Array . 1089-7.1 InletDuctWithPitot-StaticRakeIn

37、stalled . 10910-3.1.2 WettedTransducerConfiguration . 11410-3.1.3-1 ProtectedConfigurationWithCavities . 11510-3.1.3-2 ProtectedConfigurationWithProtrusions . 11510-3.1.3-3 ProtectedConfigurationWithSmoothBore 116vi10-4 AcousticFlowMeasuringSystemBlockDesign 11610-4.1.3 AcousticPathConfigurations .

38、11710-6.1.4 ATypicalCrossed-PathUltrasonicFlowMeterConfiguration 11911-1.1-1 MagneticFlowMeter . 12511-1.1-2 WeightingFunctionoftheMagneticFlowMeter . 12611-2.1.1 ACandPulsedDCExcitationVoltages 12711-3 TypicalFlowCalibrationData . 12812-2 SchematicControlVolume 13212-4.1-1 PlotofEquationsforCentral

39、Injection . 13312-4.1-2 VariationofMixingDistanceWithReynoldsNumber 13312-4.4.1 ExperimentalResults . 13412-6.3 TypicalFluorometerCalibrationCurves . 13612-7.1 DyeInjectionSchematic. 13612-7.2 SamplingSystem . 13612-7.3 FluorometerSignalVersusTime . 13713-3.2 InjectionTapDetail . 13913-3.3 SamplingT

40、apDetail 13913-6 SchematicofTypicalRadioactiveTracerApplication . 14114-5.2-1 FlowConditionertoDampOutHigh-LevelDisturbances 14514-5.2-2 AlternativeFlowConditionerConfigurationtoDampOutHigh-LevelDisturbances 14614-6 PositiveDisplacementVolumeters . 14914-6.3 MethodofInterpolationorExtrapolationofPos

41、itiveDisplacementMeterPerformanceFromCalibrationDatatoOtherFluidViscosityandOperatingConditions 150Tables2-3.1-1 ConversionstoSI(Metric)Units 52-3.1-2 ConversionFactorsforPressure(Force/Area) 72-3.1-3 ConversionFactorsforSpecificVolume(Volume/Mass) 82-3.1-4 ConversionFactorsforSpecificEnthalpyandSpe

42、cificEnergy(Energy/Mass) . 92-3.1-5 ConversionFactorsforSpecificEntropy,SpecificHeat,andGasConstantEnergy/(Mass H11547 Temperature) . 102-3.1-6 ConversionFactorsforViscosity(Force H11547 Time/AreaMass/Length H11547 Time) 112-3.1-7 ConversionFactorsforKinematicViscosity(Area/Time) . 122-3.1-8 Convers

43、ionFactorsforThermalConductivity(Energy/Time H11547Length H11547 TemperatureDifferencePower/Length H11547 TemperatureDifference) . 132-4.2-1 ThermalExpansionDataforSelectedMaterialsSIUnits 142-4.2-2 ThermalExpansionDataforSelectedMaterialsU.S.CustomaryUnits. 162-4.3 CoefficientsforThermalExpansionEq

44、uationinC 183-1 ValuesofConstantsintheGeneralEquationforVariousUnits . 203-11.3 SummaryUncertaintyofDischargeCoefficientandExpansionFactor 243-15 NaturalGasAnalysis . 254-5.1 MinimumPlateThickness,E,forStainlessSteelOrificePlate. 324-12.1 SensitivityCoefficientsintheGeneralEquationforFlow-ThroughDif

45、ferentialPressureMeters. 364-12.2.1 Example1:SteadyStateUncertaintyAnalysisforGivenSteamFlowOrifice-MeteringRun . 374-12.2.2 Example2:SteadyStateUncertaintyAnalysisforGivenSteamFlowOrifice-MeteringRun . 374-12.2.3 SteadyStateUncertaintyAnalysisforGivenGasFlowandOrifice-MeteringRun 38vii4-12.4-1 Tota

46、lSteadyStateUncertainty,0.075%AccuracyClassDifferentialPressureTransmitter 394-12.4-2 TotalSteadyStateUncertainty,0.075%AccuracyClassStaticPressureTransmitter 394-12.5 SteadyStateUncertaintyAnalysisforGivenGasFlow-MeteringRunWithaLaboratoryCalibration 404-13.3 ExampleCoefficientCurveFitandExtrapolat

47、ionforanOrifice-MeteringRun . 416-2.1 ErrorThresholdVersusRelativeAmplitudeof H9004P . 557-1.2-1 RecommendedStraightLengthsforOrificePlatesandNozzles . 657-1.2-2 RecommendedStraightLengthsforClassicalVenturiTubes 667-2.1 LossCoefficientsforFlowConditioners . 687-3 RecommendedMaximumDiametersofPressu

48、reTapHoles 698-5-1 CriticalFlowFunctionC*iandCriticalPropertyRatiosIdealGasesandIsentropicRelationships,Eqs.(8-1.7)Through(8-1.9)VersusTypeofIdealGas. 828-5-2 PercentageErrorinMethod3BasedonCriticalFlowFunctions19andAirPropertyData17 838-7-1 SummaryofPointsPlottedinFig.8-7-1andCoefficientsforEq.(8-7

49、.2) . 898-7-2 DischargeCoefficientsforCylindrical-ThroatVenturiNozzles 919-2.1-1 AbscissasandWeightFactorsforGaussianIntegrationofFlowinPipes 989-2.1-2 AbscissasandWeightFactorsforTchebycheffIntegrationofFlowinPipes 999-2.1-3 AbscissasandWeightFactorsfortheLog-LinearTraverseMethodofFlowMeasurementinPipes. 999-2.2-1 LocifortheLinesofIntersectionDeterminingMeasurementStationsforFlowMeasurementinRectangularConduitsUsingGaussianIntegration . 1009-2.2-2 AbscissasforEqualWeightChebyshevIntegration . 1019-7.4 TransducerCalibrationLinearizedCalibrationData 1109-7.6 TestDataSum