1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDFlow MeasurementASME PTC 19.5-2004Performance Test CodesIntentionally left blank ASME PTC 19.5-2004FlowMeasurementPerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016Date of Issuance: July 25, 2005The 2004 edition of ASME PTC 19.5 is be
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10、dPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSNotice. ixForeword xCommitteeRoster . xiCorrespondenceWiththePTC19.5Committee . xiiiSection 1 Object and Scope . 11-1 Object 11-2 Scope 1Section 2 Definitions, Values, and Descriptions of Terms 22-1 PrimaryDefinitionsandSystemsofUnits . 22-2 HistoricalDefinitionsofUnitsofMe
11、asurement 22-3 SymbolsandDimensions . 32-4 ThermalExpansion . 42-5 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 4Section 3 Differential Pressure Class Meters 193-0 Nomenclature 193-1 GeneralEquationforMassFlowRateThroughaDifferentialPressureClassMeter . 193-2 BasicPhysicalConceptsUsedintheDerivationoftheGeneralEqu
12、ationforMassFlow 203-3 TheoreticalFlowRateLiquidAstheFlowingFluid . 203-4 TheoreticalFlowRateGasorVaporAstheFlowingFluid . 213-5 ErrorsIntroducedinTheoreticalMassFlowRatebyIdealizedFlowAssumptions . 213-6 DischargeCoefficientCintheIncompressibleFluidEquation 213-7 DischargeCoefficientCandtheExpansio
13、nFactor H9280 forGases 213-8 CalculationofExpansionFactor H9280 . 223-9 DeterminingCoefficientofDischargeforDifferentialPressureClassMeters . 223-10 ThermalExpansion/ContractionofPipeandPrimaryElement . 233-11 SelectionandRecommendedUseofDifferentialPressureClassMeters . 233-12 RestrictionsofUse 243
14、-13 ProcedureforSizingaDifferentialPressureClassMeter . 243-14 FlowCalculationProcedure . 243-15 SampleCalculation . 253-16 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 27Section 4 Orifice Meters . 284-0 Nomenclature 284-1 Introduction 284-2 TypesofThin-Plate,Square-EdgedOrifices 284-3 CodeComplianceRequirements .
15、 284-4 MultipleSetsofDifferentialPressureTaps . 284-5 MachiningTolerances,Dimensions,andMarkingsforOrificePlate . 284-6 MachiningTolerancesandDimensionsforDifferentialPressureTaps . 324-7 LocationofTemperatureandStaticPressureMeasurements 344-8 EmpiricalFormulationsforDischargeCoefficientC 344-9 Lim
16、itationsandUncertaintyofEqs.(4-8.1)Through(4-8.7)forDischargeCoefficientC . 35iii4-10 UncertaintyofExpansionFactor H9280 . 354-11 UnrecoverablePressureLoss 354-12 CalculationsofDifferentialPressureClassFlowMeasurementSteadyStateUncertainty 354-13 ProcedureforFittingaCalibrationCurveandExtrapolationT
17、echnique . 394-14 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 42Section 5 Nozzles and Venturis 445-1 RecommendedProportionsofASMENozzles . 445-2 PressureTapRequirements 465-3 InstallationRequirements . 465-4 CoefficientofDischarge . 475-5 TheASMEVenturiTube 495-6 DesignandDesignVariations . 515-7 VenturiPressureT
18、aps . 515-8 DischargeCoefficientoftheASMEVenturi 525-9 InstallationRequirementsfortheASMEVenturi . 525-10 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 53Section 6 Pulsating Flow Measurement . 546-1 Introduction 546-2 Orifices,Nozzles,andVenturis 546-3 TurbineMetersinPulsatingFlow . 586-4 SourcesofFluidandMaterialD
19、ata 61Section 7 Flow Conditioning and Meter Installation Requirements 647-1 Introduction 647-2 FlowConditionersandMeterInstallation . 657-3 PressureTransducerPiping . 697-4 InstallationofTemperatureSensors . 707-5 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 70Section 8 Sonic Flow Nozzles and Venturis Critical Flo
20、w, Choked Flow Condition 728-1 Introduction 728-2 GeneralConsiderations . 758-3 Theory . 768-4 BasicTheoreticalRelationships 788-5 TheoreticalMassFlowCalculations . 788-6 DesignsofSonicNozzlesandVenturiNozzles . 868-7 CoefficientsofDischarge 878-8 Installation . 908-9 PressureandTemperatureMeasureme
21、nts 938-10 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 94Section 9 Flow Measurement by Velocity Traverse . 979-0 Nomenclature 979-1 Introduction 979-2 TraverseMeasurementStations 979-3 RecommendedInstallationRequirements 999-4 CalibrationRequirementsforSensors 1019-5 FlowMeasurementProcedures 1059-6 FlowComputati
22、on 1079-7 ExampleofFlowComputationinaRectangularDuct 1099-8 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 112Section 10 Ultrasonic Flow Meters 11310-1 Scope 11310-2 Applications 11310-3 FlowMeterDescription . 11410-4 Implementation. 116iv10-5 OperationalLimits 11710-6 ErrorSourcesandTheirReduction 11810-7 Exampleso
23、fLarge(1020ft)PipeFieldCalibrationsandAccuraciesAchieved . 12110-8 ApplicationGuidelines(SeeAlsoASMEPTC19.1,TestUncertainty) . 12110-9 InstallationConsiderations 12210-10 MeterFactorDeterminationandVerification. 12210-11 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 123Section 11 Electromagnetic Flow Meters . 12411
24、-1 Introduction 12411-2 MeterConstruction . 12411-3 Calibration . 12711-4 ApplicationConsiderations . 12911-5 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 130Section 12 Tracer Methods Constant Rate Injection Method UsingNonradioactive Tracers . 13112-0 Nomenclature 13112-1 Introduction 13112-2 ConstantRateInjectio
25、nMethod . 13112-3 TracerSelection . 13112-4 MixingLength 13212-5 Procedure 13412-6 FluorimetricMethodofAnalysis 13512-7 FlowTestSetup 13512-8 Errors 13712-9 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 137Section 13 Radioactive Tracer Technique for Measuring Water Flow Rate . 13813-1 TracerRequirements 13813-2 Mea
26、surementPrinciples . 13813-3 LocatingInjectionandSampleTaps . 13813-4 InjectionandSamplingLines . 13913-5 SamplingFlowRate 14013-6 TimingandSequence . 14013-7 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 140Section 14 Mechanical Meters 14214-1 TurbineMeters . 14214-2 TurbineMeterSignalTransducersandIndicators 1421
27、4-3 Calibration . 14314-4 RecommendationsforUse 14414-5 PipingInstallationandDisturbances 14514-6 PositiveDisplacementMeters . 14814-7 SourcesofFluidandMaterialData 150Figures4-2-1 LocationofPressureTapsforOrificesWithFlangeTapsandWith DandD/2Taps. 294-2-2 LocationofPressureTapsforOrificesWithCorner
28、Taps . 304-5 StandardOrificePlate 314-5.1 DeflectionofanOrificePlatebyDifferentialPressure 324-13.3 Orifice-MeteringRunCalibrationPointsandFittedCurves(TestDataVersusFittedCurves) 435-0 PrimaryFlowSection . 445-1 ASMEFlowNozzles 455-3-1 BoringinFlowSectionUpstreamofNozzle . 465-3-2 NozzleW ithDiffus
29、ingCone 47v5-5 ProfileoftheASMEVenturi . 506-2.1 MeasuredErrorsVersusOscillatingDifferentialPressureAmplitudeRelativetotheSteadyStateMean. 556-2.2 Fluid-MeteringSystemBlockDiagram 566-2.6 ExperimentalandTheoreticalPulsationError 596-3.1 Semi-LogPlotofTheoreticalMeterPulsationErrorVersusRotorResponse
30、ParameterforSineWaveFlowFluctuation, D2p 0.1,andPulsationIndex,I p 0.1and0.2 606-3.5 ExperimentalMeterPulsationErrorVersusPulsationIndex 617-2.1 RecommendedDesignsofFlowConditioner. 677-3 MethodsofMakingPressureConnectionstoPipes. 718-1-1 IdealMachNumberDistributionAlongVenturiLengthatTypicalSubcrit
31、icalandCriticalFlowConditions 738-1-2 DefinitionofCriticalFlowAstheMaximumoftheFlowEquation,Eq.(8-1.1) 748-2-1 RequirementsforMaintainingCriticalFlowinVenturiNozzles 758-2-2 MassFlowVersusBack-PressureRatioforaFlowNozzleWithoutaDiffuserandaVenturiNozzleWithaDiffuser . 768-3-1 SchematicRepresentation
32、ofFlowDefectsatVenturiThroat 788-3-2 SchematicDiagramofSonicSurfacesattheThroatofanAxiallySymmetricCriticalFlowVenturiNozzle . 788-5-1 GeneralizedCompressibilityChart 818-5-2 ErrorinCriticalFlowFunctionC*iforAirUsingMethod2BasedonIdealGasTheoryWithRatioofSpecificHeatsCorrespondingtotheInletStagnatio
33、nState . 828-5-3 ErrorinMethod3forAirBasedonCriticalFlowFunctions15WhenUsingAirPropertyData 848-5-4 CalculationProcessesfortheIsentropicPathFromInlettoSonicThroatforaRealGasUsingtheMethodofJohnson 858-6-1 StandardizedToroidalThroatSonicFlowVenturiNozzle 878-6-2 StandardizedCylindricalThroatSonicFlow
34、Venturi . 888-6-3 ASMELong-RadiusFlowNozzles . 888-7-1 CompositeResultsforToroidal-ThroatVenturiNozzles 908-7-2 MeanLineDischargeCoefficientCurvesforToroidal-ThroatVenturiNozzles 918-7-3 CompositeGraphofDischargeCoefficientsfortheASMELow-H9252Throat-TapFlowNozzles . 928-8-1 StandardizedInletFlowCond
35、itionerandLocationsforPressureandTemperatureMeasurements . 928-8-2 ComparisonoftheContinuousCurvatureInletWiththeSharp-Lip,Free-StandingInlet 938-9 StandardizedPressureTapGeometry 939-2.1 PipeVelocityMeasurementLoci . 989-4 PitotTubesNotRequiringCalibration(CalibrationCoefficient p 1.000) 1029-4.1 P
36、itotTubesNeedingCalibrationButAcceptable . 1039-4.2 ColeReversiblePitometerStructuralReinforcements . 1049-4.5.1 LaserDopplerVelocimeterSystem 1059-5.1-1 PitotRake 1069-5.1-2 ImpactPressureTubeRake 1069-6.5 VelocityTraverseMeasurementLocifora3 H11547 3Array . 1089-7.1 InletDuctWithPitot-StaticRakeIn
37、stalled . 10910-3.1.2 WettedTransducerConfiguration . 11410-3.1.3-1 ProtectedConfigurationWithCavities . 11510-3.1.3-2 ProtectedConfigurationWithProtrusions . 11510-3.1.3-3 ProtectedConfigurationWithSmoothBore 116vi10-4 AcousticFlowMeasuringSystemBlockDesign 11610-4.1.3 AcousticPathConfigurations .
38、11710-6.1.4 ATypicalCrossed-PathUltrasonicFlowMeterConfiguration 11911-1.1-1 MagneticFlowMeter . 12511-1.1-2 WeightingFunctionoftheMagneticFlowMeter . 12611-2.1.1 ACandPulsedDCExcitationVoltages 12711-3 TypicalFlowCalibrationData . 12812-2 SchematicControlVolume 13212-4.1-1 PlotofEquationsforCentral
39、Injection . 13312-4.1-2 VariationofMixingDistanceWithReynoldsNumber 13312-4.4.1 ExperimentalResults . 13412-6.3 TypicalFluorometerCalibrationCurves . 13612-7.1 DyeInjectionSchematic. 13612-7.2 SamplingSystem . 13612-7.3 FluorometerSignalVersusTime . 13713-3.2 InjectionTapDetail . 13913-3.3 SamplingT
40、apDetail 13913-6 SchematicofTypicalRadioactiveTracerApplication . 14114-5.2-1 FlowConditionertoDampOutHigh-LevelDisturbances 14514-5.2-2 AlternativeFlowConditionerConfigurationtoDampOutHigh-LevelDisturbances 14614-6 PositiveDisplacementVolumeters . 14914-6.3 MethodofInterpolationorExtrapolationofPos
41、itiveDisplacementMeterPerformanceFromCalibrationDatatoOtherFluidViscosityandOperatingConditions 150Tables2-3.1-1 ConversionstoSI(Metric)Units 52-3.1-2 ConversionFactorsforPressure(Force/Area) 72-3.1-3 ConversionFactorsforSpecificVolume(Volume/Mass) 82-3.1-4 ConversionFactorsforSpecificEnthalpyandSpe
42、cificEnergy(Energy/Mass) . 92-3.1-5 ConversionFactorsforSpecificEntropy,SpecificHeat,andGasConstantEnergy/(Mass H11547 Temperature) . 102-3.1-6 ConversionFactorsforViscosity(Force H11547 Time/AreaMass/Length H11547 Time) 112-3.1-7 ConversionFactorsforKinematicViscosity(Area/Time) . 122-3.1-8 Convers
43、ionFactorsforThermalConductivity(Energy/Time H11547Length H11547 TemperatureDifferencePower/Length H11547 TemperatureDifference) . 132-4.2-1 ThermalExpansionDataforSelectedMaterialsSIUnits 142-4.2-2 ThermalExpansionDataforSelectedMaterialsU.S.CustomaryUnits. 162-4.3 CoefficientsforThermalExpansionEq
44、uationinC 183-1 ValuesofConstantsintheGeneralEquationforVariousUnits . 203-11.3 SummaryUncertaintyofDischargeCoefficientandExpansionFactor 243-15 NaturalGasAnalysis . 254-5.1 MinimumPlateThickness,E,forStainlessSteelOrificePlate. 324-12.1 SensitivityCoefficientsintheGeneralEquationforFlow-ThroughDif
45、ferentialPressureMeters. 364-12.2.1 Example1:SteadyStateUncertaintyAnalysisforGivenSteamFlowOrifice-MeteringRun . 374-12.2.2 Example2:SteadyStateUncertaintyAnalysisforGivenSteamFlowOrifice-MeteringRun . 374-12.2.3 SteadyStateUncertaintyAnalysisforGivenGasFlowandOrifice-MeteringRun 38vii4-12.4-1 Tota
46、lSteadyStateUncertainty,0.075%AccuracyClassDifferentialPressureTransmitter 394-12.4-2 TotalSteadyStateUncertainty,0.075%AccuracyClassStaticPressureTransmitter 394-12.5 SteadyStateUncertaintyAnalysisforGivenGasFlow-MeteringRunWithaLaboratoryCalibration 404-13.3 ExampleCoefficientCurveFitandExtrapolat
47、ionforanOrifice-MeteringRun . 416-2.1 ErrorThresholdVersusRelativeAmplitudeof H9004P . 557-1.2-1 RecommendedStraightLengthsforOrificePlatesandNozzles . 657-1.2-2 RecommendedStraightLengthsforClassicalVenturiTubes 667-2.1 LossCoefficientsforFlowConditioners . 687-3 RecommendedMaximumDiametersofPressu
48、reTapHoles 698-5-1 CriticalFlowFunctionC*iandCriticalPropertyRatiosIdealGasesandIsentropicRelationships,Eqs.(8-1.7)Through(8-1.9)VersusTypeofIdealGas. 828-5-2 PercentageErrorinMethod3BasedonCriticalFlowFunctions19andAirPropertyData17 838-7-1 SummaryofPointsPlottedinFig.8-7-1andCoefficientsforEq.(8-7
49、.2) . 898-7-2 DischargeCoefficientsforCylindrical-ThroatVenturiNozzles 919-2.1-1 AbscissasandWeightFactorsforGaussianIntegrationofFlowinPipes 989-2.1-2 AbscissasandWeightFactorsforTchebycheffIntegrationofFlowinPipes 999-2.1-3 AbscissasandWeightFactorsfortheLog-LinearTraverseMethodofFlowMeasurementinPipes. 999-2.2-1 LocifortheLinesofIntersectionDeterminingMeasurementStationsforFlowMeasurementinRectangularConduitsUsingGaussianIntegration . 1009-2.2-2 AbscissasforEqualWeightChebyshevIntegration . 1019-7.4 TransducerCalibrationLinearizedCalibrationData 1109-7.6 TestDataSum
