ANSI NEMA C78.375A-2014 Electric Lamps - Fluorescent Lamps - Guide for Electrical Measures.pdf

1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C78.375A-2014Electric Lamps -Fluorescent Lamps -Guide for Electrical MeasuresANSI C78.375A-2014 Revision of ANSI C78.375-2014 American National Standard for Electric Lamps Fluorescent LampsGuide for Electrical Measures Secre

2、tariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved August 28, 2014 American National Standards Institute 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in th

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18、stitute. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Conv

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20、ted States of America ANSI C78.375A-2014 ii 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard C78.375A-2014.) This is a revised standard recently updated by the industry. Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They

21、 should be sent to the Secretary, ASC C78, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, Virginia 22209. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by Accredited Standards Committee on Electric Lamps, C78, and its Work Group, C78WG02.

22、Approval of the standard is not meant to imply that all Work Group members voted to approve it. ANSI C78.375A-2014 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 1.1 Patent Disclaimer 1 2 Normative References . 1 3 Supply Voltage Characteristics 1 4 Am

23、bient Conditions for Lamp Measurements 2 5 Ballast . 2 6 Circuits 2 6.1 Measurement Circuit . 2 6.2 Instrument Connections 2 6.4 Instant-Start Lamps 4 6.5 Rapid-Start Lamps 4 6.6 Calibration of Cathode Heating Transformers 5 6.7 Circuit Grounding 6 7 Lamp Connections . 6 7.1 Preheat-Start Lamps . 6

24、7.2 Instant-Start and Cold-Cathode Lamps 6 7.3 Rapid-Start Lamps 6 8 Lamp Stabilization . 7 8.1 Linear, Circular and U-Shaped Lamps . 7 8.2 Single-Based Compact Lamps . 7 8.2.1 Lamp Circuit Transfer 7 8.3 Abnormal Behavior . 8 8.4 Seasoning . 8 9 Electrical Instruments . 8 10 Method of Reference Cir

25、cuit Measurement of Wattage, Voltage, and Current 8 11 Method of Cold and Hot Resistance Measurement 9 11.1 Equipment Required . 9 11.2 Connections 9 11.3 Established Conditions for Measurements . 9 11.4 Measurement 9 11.4.1 Preconditioning . 9 11.4.2 Cold Resistance Rc Measurement. 10 11.4.3 Hot Re

26、sistance Rh and Rh/Rc Ratio Measurement 10 ANSI C78.375A-2014 iv 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Figures Figure 1(a-f) Measurement Circuit for Fluorescent Lamps . 4 Figure 2 Circuit for the Calibration of Cathode Transformers . 5 ANSI C78.375A-2014 2014 National Electrical Manufac

27、turers Association 1 1 Scope This standard describes the procedures to be followed and the precautions to be observed in obtaining uniform and reproducible measurements of the electrical characteristics of fluorescent lamps under standard conditions when operated on alternating current (ac) circuits

28、. These methods are applicable both to lamps having hot cathodesswitch-start (preheat-start), rapid-start (continuously heated cathodes), or instant-start and to lamps of the cold-cathode variety. The electrical characteristics usually measured are lamp current, lamp voltage, and lamp power. In the

29、case of rapid-start lamps, the power measurements may include both the arc watts1 and the cathode watts. Total lamp power is the sum of arc watts and cathode watts. The methods noted in this standard apply to fluorescent lamps operated at common power-line frequencies (50 and 60 Hz) or high frequenc

30、y. 1.1 Patent Disclaimer At the time of publication, it is possible that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. When this Standard was approved for publication, the Accredited Standards Committee C78 and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) did

31、 not know of any patent applications, patents pending, or existing patents. ASC C78 shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. 2 Normative References The following publications contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this A

32、merican National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the publications i

33、ndicated below. ANSI C78.81, Double capped fluorescent lamps Dimensional and electrical characteristics ANSI C78.901, Single based fluorescent lamps Dimensional and electrical characteristics ANSI C82.3, Reference Ballasts for Fluorescent Lamps 3 Supply Voltage Characteristics The supply voltage sha

34、ll be equal to the rated voltage of the reference ballast. During periods of stabilization, the supply shall be stable within + 0.5%. This tolerance is reduced to + 0.2% during measurement. The wave shape of the supply voltage shall be a sine wave and shall have a wave shape such that the root-mean-

35、square (rms) summation of the harmonic components shall not exceed 3% of the fundamental for all conditions that occur during the measurement. NOTEThis implies that the source of the supply should have sufficient power, and that the supply circuit should have sufficiently low impedance, compared wit

36、h the ballast impedance. 1Arc watts is the term used for the power consumed by the discharge only and does not refer to any power that may be supplied to the lamp cathodes from a separate voltage source. ANSI C78.375A-2014 2 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 4 Ambient Conditions for

37、 Lamp Measurements Certain electrical characteristics, and also the light output, of fluorescent lamps are appreciably affected by variations in ambient temperature and by air movement along the bulb surface. Lamps shall be tested in a draft-free atmosphere at an ambient temperature of 25 +1 degrees

38、 C unless otherwise specified on the relevant lamp data sheet. This temperature shall be measured at a point at least one, but not more than three, feet from the lamp and at the same height as the lamp. For lamps burned in a base-up position, the height is defined as the mid-point of a plane, bisect

39、ing the vertical axis of the lamp. The temperature-measuring device shall be shielded from the lamp or radiation from any other source. The lamps shall be tested in the operating position specified in the appropriate lamp standard. Consult the manufacturer if no standard exists. Generally linear lam

40、ps are operated in the horizontal position and single-based compact lamps are operated base-up. 5 Ballast When the electrical characteristics of a fluorescent lamp are being measured for rating purposes, the lamp shall be operating in conjunction with a reference ballast. (The use of a ballast havin

41、g differing characteristics, even though of the same impedance, can significantly alter the measured electrical characteristics of the lamp.) The general characteristics of reference ballasts are described in ANSI C82.3. The specific values of impedance, reference current, and rated input voltage fo

42、r the reference ballasts corresponding to each lamp size are given in the respective lamp standards, ANSI C78.81 and ANSI C78.901. 6 Circuits 6.1 Measurement Circuit The measurement circuit employed for fluorescent lamps is shown in Figures 1(a) through 1(f). The reference ballasts used for lamp mea

43、surement are of the series-reactor type and do not include a step-up transformer. In many cases, a separate step-up transformer is needed to provide the input voltage required by the reference ballast. 6.2 Instrument Connections Figure 1(a) shows the method of connecting instruments into the circuit

44、. The voltmeter and the potential element of the wattmeter are connected on the lamp side of the current-measuring instruments. Reference ballasts may be set up either with or without the impedances of the ammeter or wattmeter current coils included in the measured ballast characteristics. Either pr

45、ocedure is satisfactory. Figure 1(b) shows the method of connecting into the circuit an instrument capable of measuring and displaying wattage, current and voltage. The potential element of the instrument is connected on the lamp side of the current measuring element. A switch provides a means of me

46、asuring either lamp or input voltage of the reference circuit with the same potential element. An auxiliary voltmeter, V2, can be used if monitoring input and lamp voltage simultaneously is desirable. Satisfactory results can be obtained using the circuit shown in either Figure 1(a) or Figure 1(b).

47、ANSI C78.375A-2014 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 3 Figure 1(a) Figure 1(b) Figure 1(c) Note 3 T1 Figure 1(d) ANSI C78.375A-2014 4 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Figure 1(e) Figure 1(f) Figure 1(a-f). Measurement Circuit for Fluorescent Lamps NOTES: 1. This si

48、de of the circuit shall be the one connected to ground if a grounded supply system is used. 2. Current terminals of the instrument are shown as . Potential terminals of instruments are shown as . 3. The starting circuit may be integral to the test lamp and may include a shunt capacitor. 4. The trans

49、former supply voltage B shall come from the same line (and the same phase if a three-phase supply is being used) as the reference ballast supply voltage A. Unless the precaution is observed, the subtractive polarity of the cathode windings may not actually be obtained. 6.3 Preheat-Start Lamps For preheat-start lamps, the complete circuit needed is a combination of figures 1(a) or 1(b) with Figure 1(c). If the starting switch is normally shunted by a capacitor when the lamp is being started, this capacitor shall be disconnected before readings of la