ANSI NEMA C78.LL 3-2003 Electric Lamps Procedures for High Intensity Discharge Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure.pdf

1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2015)Electric Lamps Procedures for High Intensity Discharge Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching ProcedureANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page i 2015 National Electrical Manufact

2、urers Association C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) American National Standard for Electric Lamps Procedures for High Intensity Discharge Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved: November 19, 2015 Ameri

3、can National Standards Institute, Inc. ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page ii 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the do

4、cument at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. ANSI standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary

5、 consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the documen

6、t and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, wh

7、ether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published h

8、erein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishi

9、ng and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own indepen

10、dent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult fo

11、r additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification

12、 or other statement of compliance with any health- or safety-related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page i 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association

13、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by the American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. An American National Stand

14、ard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly, and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more t

15、han a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether s/he has approved the sta

16、ndard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. It is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. ANSI does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpre

17、tation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the ANSI. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on this title page. C

18、AUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of ANSI require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calli

19、ng or writing ANSI. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the B

20、erne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American copyright conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in th

21、e United States of America ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page ii 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard/NEMA C78.LL 3-2003) Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be submitted to: Secretariat C78 National

22、Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 This standard was processed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) on Electric Lamps, C78. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for t

23、hat approval. Much attention continues to be focused on the disposal of mercury containing lamps. The United States Environmental Protection Agencys Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure is used at both the Federal level and by most states to determine whether or not spent high-intensity discha

24、rge lamps should be classified as hazardous waste. This NEMA Standards Publication was developed by technical experts in the lamp industry to establish a uniform method of sample preparation for high-intensity discharge lamps in order to minimize the inherent variability associated with TCLP testing

25、 of such lamps. This document also specifies other important aspects related to the leaching process that are not specifically defined for lamps by the EPA SW-846, “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste (Physical/Chemical Methods),” but that have been shown in practice to contribute to test variab

26、ility, if not properly controlled. ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page iii 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association CONTENTS Foreword .ii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative References 1 3 Definitions . 2 4 General Requirements 2 5 Lamp Preparation . 2 6 Leaching . 4 7 Filtration 4 8 Storage of the

27、 Leachate . 5 9 Vessel Cleaning 5 ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page iv 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 1 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1 Scope Procedures for preparation of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps for th

28、e Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) are presented below. These procedures are intended to supplement the TCLP by supplying specific instructions for size reduction and for other critical procedures specific to the testing of HID lamps. This standard specifically covers high-intensity

29、 discharge lamp types. Additional standards are in preparation or have been prepared for fluorescent lamps and for other types that require specific sample preparation instructions because of their design or construction. The protocol that follows is grouped to include general requirements, lamp pre

30、paration, leaching, filtration, storage, and leaching vessel reuse. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All st

31、andards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP),” 55 FR 126, pp. 26987-26998, Jun

32、e 29, 1990 United States Environmental Protection AgencySW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Methods ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 2 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 3 Definitions high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp: an electric discharge lamp

33、in which the wall temperature stabilizes the light producing arc and the bulb wall loading of the arc tube is in excess of 3 W/cm2. Groups of lamps known as mercury, metal halide, and high-pressure sodium are included in the category of HID lamps. See Figure 1 for a diagram of a high-intensity disch

34、arge lamp. Arc tubeElectrodesMetal Mount (Frame)BaseOuter GlassEnvelopeStarting AidFlywireGetterEyeletFigure 1High-intensity Discharge Lamp 4 General Requirements TCLP is to be performed on the entire lamp in a single leaching vessel large enough to contain an amount equal to 20 times the weight of

35、the lamp. In cases where the weight of a single whole lamp is less than 100 grams, a number of whole lamps must be combined to provide a sample of at least 100 grams. All lamp components must be reduced in size to pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in) sieve. 5 Lamp Preparation WARNINGSafety procedures sha

36、ll be observed in carrying out the procedures given in this section. Safety glasses, gloves, and laboratory coats shall be worn at all times. 5.1 Clean the exterior of the lamp using a paper towel, wetted with water and/or an 80% water and 20% acetone combination. This solution is useful to remove a

37、ny debris, particularly if wax or grease is present on the surface of the lamp. Wipe the surface dry with a second paper towel. 5.2 Weigh the lamp (in g). A photocopy of the monogram may be made for record-keeping if necessary. ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 3 2015 National Electrical Manufa

38、cturers Association 5.3 Obtain the weight (in tare) of a suitably sized leaching vessel with corresponding lid, such as but not limited to those in Table 1.1Table 1 Suitable Vessels for Leaching Volume Manufacturer Catalog number 2 L Nalgene 2115-2000 (PP) 4 L Cole Parmer H-06025-70 (HDPE) 8 L Cole

39、Parmer H 06029-50 (PP) 8 L Bel Art F10917 (PP) 12 L Nalgene 2240-0025 (PP) 20 L Nalgene 2211-0050 (PP) 5.4 Perform the following steps to transfer the entire contents of the lamp to the leaching vessel: 5.4.1 Place the lamp on a clean sheet of plastic-lined laboratory paper (an example of which is F

40、isher, catalog number 12-007-186). Place the plastic side toward the lamp and form a loose envelope around the lamp. Fold the edges of the paper together and staple closed. 5.4.2 With a hammer, lightly strike the outer glass envelope in order to fracture it, taking care to keep the arc tube intact.

41、5.4.3 After fracturing the outer glass envelope, open the plastic-lined paper and remove the lamp base, arc tube, and metal harness. Set these aside for later. Continue to size reduce the outer glass envelope with a hammer such that the pieces pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in) sieve. 5.4.4 Place the p

42、ieces of the broken outer envelope into the leaching vessel. Carefully rinse the plastic-lined paper with leaching fluid (normally fluid #1) to transfer all the pieces to the vessel. 5.4.5 Using wire cutters, separate the arc tube from the mount and base. Set aside the arc tube and other starting ai

43、ds, such as capacitors, resistors, UV enhancers, or glowbottles. Cut the mount, wires, etc. into pieces such that they pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 inch) sieve, and place them into the leaching vessel. Cut the base with tin snips so that the pieces are less than 0.95 cm (3/8 in), and place all the pi

44、eces in the vessel. 5.4.6 Using wire cutters or the like cut the starting aids, such as the resistors or capacitors, so that the pieces would pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in.) sieve. The UV enhancer or glowbottle shall be wrapped in a loose envelope of plastic-lined paper and struck with a heavy obje

45、ct to break it. All the pieces shall be small enough so that they would pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in) sieve. Lift the plastic-lined paper and gently shake to move all material to the center. Fold the paper into a “chute” 1Suitable vessels may be made of borosilicate glass, high density polyethylen

46、e (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and should be of 2, 4, 8, 12, or 20 liter capacity. Suitable vessels include (but are not limited to) those in Table 1. ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 4 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Associat

47、ion and pour to transfer all material into the vessel. Rinse the paper with leaching fluid as in 5.4.4 5.4.7 Wrap the arc tube in a new piece of plastic-lined paper as described in 5.4.1. All of the mercury is generally contained within the arc tube, and may be visible as a free bead. Care must be t

48、aken not to allow the mercury to roll away. In the case of high pressure sodium lamps, the arc tube contains a sodium-mercury amalgam (Na-Hg) or pure sodium (Na). Upon opening in air, sodium could possibly enflame the air and in turn ignite the paper. The following operation should be performed in a

49、 nonflammable enclosure or environment. One strike with a hammer should shatter the arc tube. However, continue to size reduce the larger pieces to pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in) sieve. Carefully open the envelope over the leaching vessel, and transfer the arc tube pieces to the vessel. Rinse the paper with leaching fluid as in 5.4.4. 5.4.8 Weigh and add the appropriate amount (twenty times the lamp weight) of the proper leaching fluid (normally fluid #1) to the vessel so that the total weight includes the amounts of leaching fluid used in 5.4.4, 5.4.6, and 5.4