1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2015)Electric Lamps Procedures for High Intensity Discharge Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching ProcedureANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page i 2015 National Electrical Manufact
2、urers Association C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) American National Standard for Electric Lamps Procedures for High Intensity Discharge Lamp Sample Preparation and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved: November 19, 2015 Ameri
3、can National Standards Institute, Inc. ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page ii 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the do
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19、ng or writing ANSI. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the B
20、erne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American copyright conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in th
21、e United States of America ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page ii 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard/NEMA C78.LL 3-2003) Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be submitted to: Secretariat C78 National
22、Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 This standard was processed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) on Electric Lamps, C78. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for t
23、hat approval. Much attention continues to be focused on the disposal of mercury containing lamps. The United States Environmental Protection Agencys Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure is used at both the Federal level and by most states to determine whether or not spent high-intensity discha
24、rge lamps should be classified as hazardous waste. This NEMA Standards Publication was developed by technical experts in the lamp industry to establish a uniform method of sample preparation for high-intensity discharge lamps in order to minimize the inherent variability associated with TCLP testing
25、 of such lamps. This document also specifies other important aspects related to the leaching process that are not specifically defined for lamps by the EPA SW-846, “Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste (Physical/Chemical Methods),” but that have been shown in practice to contribute to test variab
26、ility, if not properly controlled. ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page iii 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association CONTENTS Foreword .ii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative References 1 3 Definitions . 2 4 General Requirements 2 5 Lamp Preparation . 2 6 Leaching . 4 7 Filtration 4 8 Storage of the
27、 Leachate . 5 9 Vessel Cleaning 5 ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page iv 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 1 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1 Scope Procedures for preparation of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps for th
28、e Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) are presented below. These procedures are intended to supplement the TCLP by supplying specific instructions for size reduction and for other critical procedures specific to the testing of HID lamps. This standard specifically covers high-intensity
29、 discharge lamp types. Additional standards are in preparation or have been prepared for fluorescent lamps and for other types that require specific sample preparation instructions because of their design or construction. The protocol that follows is grouped to include general requirements, lamp pre
30、paration, leaching, filtration, storage, and leaching vessel reuse. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All st
31、andards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP),” 55 FR 126, pp. 26987-26998, Jun
32、e 29, 1990 United States Environmental Protection AgencySW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Methods ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 2 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 3 Definitions high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp: an electric discharge lamp
33、in which the wall temperature stabilizes the light producing arc and the bulb wall loading of the arc tube is in excess of 3 W/cm2. Groups of lamps known as mercury, metal halide, and high-pressure sodium are included in the category of HID lamps. See Figure 1 for a diagram of a high-intensity disch
34、arge lamp. Arc tubeElectrodesMetal Mount (Frame)BaseOuter GlassEnvelopeStarting AidFlywireGetterEyeletFigure 1High-intensity Discharge Lamp 4 General Requirements TCLP is to be performed on the entire lamp in a single leaching vessel large enough to contain an amount equal to 20 times the weight of
35、the lamp. In cases where the weight of a single whole lamp is less than 100 grams, a number of whole lamps must be combined to provide a sample of at least 100 grams. All lamp components must be reduced in size to pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in) sieve. 5 Lamp Preparation WARNINGSafety procedures sha
36、ll be observed in carrying out the procedures given in this section. Safety glasses, gloves, and laboratory coats shall be worn at all times. 5.1 Clean the exterior of the lamp using a paper towel, wetted with water and/or an 80% water and 20% acetone combination. This solution is useful to remove a
37、ny debris, particularly if wax or grease is present on the surface of the lamp. Wipe the surface dry with a second paper towel. 5.2 Weigh the lamp (in g). A photocopy of the monogram may be made for record-keeping if necessary. ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 3 2015 National Electrical Manufa
38、cturers Association 5.3 Obtain the weight (in tare) of a suitably sized leaching vessel with corresponding lid, such as but not limited to those in Table 1.1Table 1 Suitable Vessels for Leaching Volume Manufacturer Catalog number 2 L Nalgene 2115-2000 (PP) 4 L Cole Parmer H-06025-70 (HDPE) 8 L Cole
39、Parmer H 06029-50 (PP) 8 L Bel Art F10917 (PP) 12 L Nalgene 2240-0025 (PP) 20 L Nalgene 2211-0050 (PP) 5.4 Perform the following steps to transfer the entire contents of the lamp to the leaching vessel: 5.4.1 Place the lamp on a clean sheet of plastic-lined laboratory paper (an example of which is F
40、isher, catalog number 12-007-186). Place the plastic side toward the lamp and form a loose envelope around the lamp. Fold the edges of the paper together and staple closed. 5.4.2 With a hammer, lightly strike the outer glass envelope in order to fracture it, taking care to keep the arc tube intact.
41、5.4.3 After fracturing the outer glass envelope, open the plastic-lined paper and remove the lamp base, arc tube, and metal harness. Set these aside for later. Continue to size reduce the outer glass envelope with a hammer such that the pieces pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in) sieve. 5.4.4 Place the p
42、ieces of the broken outer envelope into the leaching vessel. Carefully rinse the plastic-lined paper with leaching fluid (normally fluid #1) to transfer all the pieces to the vessel. 5.4.5 Using wire cutters, separate the arc tube from the mount and base. Set aside the arc tube and other starting ai
43、ds, such as capacitors, resistors, UV enhancers, or glowbottles. Cut the mount, wires, etc. into pieces such that they pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 inch) sieve, and place them into the leaching vessel. Cut the base with tin snips so that the pieces are less than 0.95 cm (3/8 in), and place all the pi
44、eces in the vessel. 5.4.6 Using wire cutters or the like cut the starting aids, such as the resistors or capacitors, so that the pieces would pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in.) sieve. The UV enhancer or glowbottle shall be wrapped in a loose envelope of plastic-lined paper and struck with a heavy obje
45、ct to break it. All the pieces shall be small enough so that they would pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in) sieve. Lift the plastic-lined paper and gently shake to move all material to the center. Fold the paper into a “chute” 1Suitable vessels may be made of borosilicate glass, high density polyethylen
46、e (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and should be of 2, 4, 8, 12, or 20 liter capacity. Suitable vessels include (but are not limited to) those in Table 1. ANSI C78.LL 3-2003 (R2008, R2015) Page 4 2015 National Electrical Manufacturers Associat
47、ion and pour to transfer all material into the vessel. Rinse the paper with leaching fluid as in 5.4.4 5.4.7 Wrap the arc tube in a new piece of plastic-lined paper as described in 5.4.1. All of the mercury is generally contained within the arc tube, and may be visible as a free bead. Care must be t
48、aken not to allow the mercury to roll away. In the case of high pressure sodium lamps, the arc tube contains a sodium-mercury amalgam (Na-Hg) or pure sodium (Na). Upon opening in air, sodium could possibly enflame the air and in turn ignite the paper. The following operation should be performed in a
49、 nonflammable enclosure or environment. One strike with a hammer should shatter the arc tube. However, continue to size reduce the larger pieces to pass through a 0.95 cm (3/8 in) sieve. Carefully open the envelope over the leaching vessel, and transfer the arc tube pieces to the vessel. Rinse the paper with leaching fluid as in 5.4.4. 5.4.8 Weigh and add the appropriate amount (twenty times the lamp weight) of the proper leaching fluid (normally fluid #1) to the vessel so that the total weight includes the amounts of leaching fluid used in 5.4.4, 5.4.6, and 5.4
