ARP 763-2008 Standardization and related activities - General vocabulary《标准化及相关活动 一般词汇》.pdf

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3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21832-4 ARP 763:2008 Edition 1 ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004 Edition 8SABS STANDARDS DIVISION Recommended practice Standardization and related acti

4、vities General vocabulary This recommended practice is the identical implementation of ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission. This document does not have the status of a South Af

5、rican National Standard. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ARP 763:2008

6、 Edition 1 ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004 Edition 8 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This recommended practice was approved by National Committee SABS TC 200, Development of standards for standards, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex

7、3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in July 2008. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. Eighth edition 2004 Huitime dition 2004 2004 ISO/IEC 2004 GUIDE 2Standardization and related activities General vocabulary No

8、rmalisation et activits connexes Vocabulaire gnral . ARP 763:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004(E/F/R) ISO/IEC 2004 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is

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25、ed/Tous droits rservs/ Contents Page Foreword .vii Introduction.xii Scope. 1 Normative references.2 1 Standardization.4 2 Aims of standardization .8 3 Normative documents 12 4 Bodies responsible for standards and regulations. 18 5 Types of standards .22 6 Harmonization of standards.26 7 Content of n

26、ormative documents30 8 Structure of normative documents .34 9 Preparation of normative documents .36 10 Implementation of normative documents.40 11 References to standards in regulations .42 12 Conformity assessment.46 Alphabetical indexes English (en)48 French (fr)50 Russian (ru).5 1 German (de).53

27、 Spanish (es).55 Italian (it)56 Dutch (nl)57 Swedish (sv)59 ARP 763:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004(E/F/R) ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs/ viiForeword ISO (the International Organiza

28、tion for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respec

29、tive organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work International Standards are

30、 drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISI/IEC Directives, Part 2. Draft Guides adopted by the responsible Committee or Group are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as a Guide requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn

31、to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The first edition of this Guide was published by ISO in 1976. It was prepared by the United Nations Economic Com

32、mission for Europe (UN/ECE) in consultation with ISO, primarily to facilitate the work of the UN/ECE aimed at removal of barriers to international trade arising from lack of harmonization of standards or inadequate international application of standards. The second, third and fourth editions of ISO

33、Guide 2 added new terms and definitions in more or less isolated groups, within no overall planned framework. Work on a systematically structured revision was authorized by the ISO Council in 198 1 as the principal task of a working group within the ISO Committee on standardization principles (ISO/S

34、TACO), including IEC and UN/ECE spokesmen and in cooperation with the ISO Committee on conformity assessment (ISO/CASCO) and the International Laboratory Accreditation Conference (ILAC). The main reason for this activity was a request from UN/ECE for complete and urgent revision of ISO Guide 2 to ta

35、ke into account a number of specific problems raised by the UN/ECE Government Officials Responsible for Standardization Policies as well as the proposed terminology being prepared in the UN/ECE Working Party on Building. Moreover, ISO was publishing an increasing number of Guides on standardization

36、policies and procedures, several of them in conjunction with IEC. To guard against terminological inconsistencies, a clear understanding of basic concepts needed to be established, and unambiguous general terms and definitions provided. The resulting fifth edition of Guide 2 was issued, for the firs

37、t time as a joint ISO/IEC publication, in 1986. The sixth edition ( 1991) incorporated amendments in response to specific questions raised by ISO and IEC members, requests from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the UN/ECE, and proposals from ISO/CASCO. The seventh edition ( 1996)

38、 preserved the structure of its recent predecessors by grouping related concepts under generic clause headings. Thus, Clauses 1 to 11 concerned standardization, proceeding from the more general to more specific aspects. Similarly, the terms and definitions given in the revised Clauses 12 to 17 cover

39、ed the broad spectrum of conformity assessment. These latter clauses were modified on the recommendations of ISO/CASCO to reflect developments in conformity assessment activities, and were approved by the national bodies of ISO and IEC in 1994. They were not intended to provide a comprehensive class

40、ification but included, in particular, concepts related to the following typical sequence: a) determination of product, process or service characteristics (Clause 13); b) comparison of characteristics with specified requirements, i.e. conformity evaluation (Clause 14); c) assurance of conformity, e.

41、g. by suppliers declaration or by certification (Clause 15). This eighth edition (2004) is identical to the seventh edition except that the terms and definitions on conformity assessment (in Clauses 12 to 17 in the 7th edition) have been deleted and replaced by a normative reference to ISO/IEC 17000, Conformity assessment Vocabulary and general principles. ARP 763:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO/IEC GUIDE 2:2004(E/F/R) xii ISO/IEC 2004 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs/ Introduction Whilst ISO