1、Designation: C1214 02 (Reapproved 2009)C1214 13Standard Test Method forConcrete Pipe Sewerlines by Negative Air Pressure(Vacuum) Test Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing concrete pipe sewerlines, when using the n
3、egative air pressure (vacuum) testmethod to demonstrate the integrity of the installed material and the construction procedures. This test method covers testing of4 to 36-in. diameter circular concrete pipe sewerlines utilizing gasketed joints.NOTE 1The user of this test method is advised that metho
4、ds described herein may also be used as a preliminary test to enable the manufacturer orinstaller to demonstrate the condition of sewer pipe prior to delivery or backfill. Minimum test times presented in Table 1 are for pipelines. Holding timesfor testing an individual pipe may have to be increased
5、to allow for the accumulation of leakage when the tested pipe are incorporated into a continuouspipeline.NOTE 2The user of this test method is advised that the negative air pressure (vacuum) test criteria presented in this test method are similar to thosein general use. The test and criteria have be
6、en used widely and successfully in testing smaller diameter pipe. Larger pipe will be accepted moreconveniently by visual inspection and individual joint testing.NOTE 3The user of this test method is advised that no correlation has been found between loss of vacuum and water leakage.Test times tabul
7、atedand the rate of air loss in this standard are based on successful testing of installed pipelines. However, since air and water have different physicalproperties, retests of some pipelines not meeting field air tests have been successful when tested with water.1.2 This test method is the inch-pou
8、nd companion to Test Method C1214M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in thetest method.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
9、practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. See Section 6 for specific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines by Low-Pressure
10、 Air Test MethodC969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sewerline to be tested is plugged. A
11、ir is removed from the plugged line by a vacuum pump or vacuum reservoir. Theamount of vacuum loss is used to determine the acceptability of the sewerline.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded are applicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time of testi
12、ng.6. Safety Precautions6.1 WarningThe user of this test method is advised that this test may be dangerous if a line is not prepared properly andproper procedures are not followed.WarningThe user of this test method is advised that this test may be dangerous if a line isnot prepared properly and pro
13、per procedures are not followed.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methods of Test.Current edition approved June 1, 2009July 1, 2013. Published July 2009December 2013. Originally approved in 1
14、992. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 asC1214 02.C1214 02 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/C1214-02R09.10.1520/C1214-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to
15、 the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes
16、 accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unite
17、d States16.2 Access manholes or structures must be ventilated and air quality continuously monitored.6.3 No one shall be allowed in or near the manholes during testing.7. Preparation of the Sewerline7.1 Where practical, clean the line prior to testing, wet the pipe surface, and eliminate debris.NOTE
18、 4The user of this test method is advised that a wetted exterior pipe surface is desirable and will produce more consistent test results. Air maypass through the walls of dry pipe. This can be overcome by wetting the pipe. Usually, moisture absorbed from the backfill is sufficient to cope with thiss
19、ituation. If the problem persists, segmental testing of the line will establish if there is a significant leak.7.2 Plug all pipe outlets including laterals. Review safety precautions in Section 6.8. Procedure8.1 Determine the test time for the sewerline to be tested by using Table 1. Table 1 has bee
20、n established using the criteriaspecified in Table 2 and the formulas contained in the Appendixes. The test time is the time required for the vacuum to drop from7 to 5 in. of mercury. (WarningMercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that cancause central ner
21、vous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product MaterialSafety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs websitehttp:/www.epa.gov/
22、mercury/faq.htmfor additional information.Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.)NOTE 5To provide satisfactory test results, the vacuum pump shall be capable of evacuating the sewer test section in the required te
23、st time, or less,as determined by 8.1. The pump capacity required to accomplish the evacuation of the line is equal to the rate necessary to reduce the sewer to the desiredpressure plus the allowable vacuum loss rate:C 50.17D2L/T1Q (1)where:C = vacuum pump capacity, ft3/min,T = required test time, o
24、r less, min,D = pipe internal diameter, ft,L = length of test section, ft, andQ = allowable vacuum loss rate, ft3/min.8.2 Evacuate air until the internal air pressure of the sewerline is lowered by approximately 8 in. of mercury. Close the valveon the vacuum line and shut off the vacuum pump. Allow
25、the air pressure to stabilize.8.3 When the pressure has stabilized and is at or below the starting test vacuum of 7 in. of mercury, commence the test byallowing the gage pressure to drop to 7 in. of mercury, at which point the time recording is initiated. Record the drop in vacuumfor the test period
26、.TABLE 1 Minimum Test TimeNominalPipeSize, in.T (Time),min/100 ftNominalPipeSize, in.T (Time),min/100 ft4 0.3 21 3.06 0.7 24 3.68 1.2 27 4.210 1.5 30 4.812 1.8 33 5.415 2.1 36 6.018 2.4TABLE 2 Allowable Air LossNominalPipeSize, in.Q, ft3/minNominalPipeSize, in.Q, ft3/min4 2.0 21 5.56 2.0 24 6.08 2.0
27、 27 6.510 2.5 30 7.012 3.5 33 7.515 4.0 36 8.018 5.0C1214 1328.4 If the drop in vacuum is 2 in. of mercury or less during the test period, accept the line. If the drop in vacuum is more than2 in. of mercury during the test period, inspect, evaluate, and retest the line to determine the cause of exce
28、ssive vacuum loss.8.5 Use or failure of this vacuum test shall not preclude acceptance by appropriate low-pressure air (see Practice C924), waterinfiltration or exfiltration testing (see Practice C969), or other means.9. Vacuum Test Criteria9.1 An appropriate allowable vacuum loss, Q, in cubic feet
29、per minute has been established for each nominal pipe size. Basedon field experience, the vacuum loss Qs that have been selected will enable detection of any significant leak. Table 2 lists the Qestablished for each pipe size.9.2 When a main line with connected lateral is to be tested as a unit, the
30、 total volume of the main and laterals shall be consideredand the allowable air loss rate shall be that listed for the main.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of being made either on precision or bias of this procedure since the test resultmerely states whether
31、there is conformance to the criteria for success specified. Due to the sealing effects of ground water andinternal flow on sewerline, the test conditions and results are not reproducible.APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EQUATIONS USED IN PRACTICE C1214X1.1 The required test time per 100 ft fo
32、r a single diameter pipe using Table 2:TT 50.00037!D 2L/Q! (X1.1)X1.2 The required test time for a single diameter pipe using Table 1:TT 5L! T/100! (X1.2)X1.3 For testing a sewer system involving different diameter pipe, the allowable vacuum loss rate shall be that for the main sewer.The volume of e
33、ach size of lateral pipe is converted to an equivalent length of required test time as follows:Le 5(d 21/D2! (X1.3)TT 5L1L e! T/100! (X1.4)X1.4 The symbols used in the equations in this test method are defined as follows:where:T = minimum test time per 100 ft of pipe vacuum to drop from 7.0 to 5.0 i
34、n. of mercury, min,TT = minimum test time for total system, min,D = designated inside diameter of test section or main sewer, in.,d = designated inside diameter of lateral, in.,L = length of test section or main sewer, ft,Le = total volume of all laterals connected to the main sewer expressed as an
35、equivalent length of the main sewer, ft,l = total length of each diameter lateral, ft, andQ = allowable air loss rate, ft3/min.C1214 133X2. APPLICATION OF PRACTICE C1214X2.1 The following examples have have been prepared to demonstrate the techniques of applying this test method.X2.2 Example 1A sewe
36、r system consists of 600 ft of 18-in. diameter concrete pipe between manholes A and B; 35 ft of 12-in.diameter pipe between manholes B and C.X2.2.1 FindThe appropriate test times to demonstrate the integrity of the installed lines.X2.2.2 Solution:X2.2.2.1 For the main sewer between manholes A and B,
37、 use Eq X1.2 and from Table 1;TT 5L! T/100! (X2.1)TT 5600!2.4/100! (X2.2)TT 514min (X2.3)X2.2.2.2 Similarly, for the main sewer between manholes B and C:TT 535!1.8/100! (X2.4)TT 50.6min (X2.5)X2.3 Example 2The 600 ft of 18-in. diameter concrete pipe between manholes A and B in Example 1 has connecte
38、d 6-in.laterals with a total length of 900 ft.X2.3.1 FindThe appropriate test time to demonstrate the integrity of the installed lines.X2.3.2 Solution:X2.3.2.1 Use Eq X1.3 to convert the total volume of 6-in. laterals to an equivalent length of main sewer:Le 5(d2 1/D2! (X2.6)Le 5623900/182 (X2.7)Le
39、5100 ft (X2.8)X2.3.2.2 For the connected system, use Eq X1.4 and from Table 1, T = 2.4 min./100 ft for 18-in. pipe:T T 5L1Le! T/100! (X2.9)TT 56001100!2.4/100! (X2.10)TT 517min (X2.11)X2.4 If a line fails the vacuum test, the following course of action shall be considered:X2.4.1 Segmentally test the
40、 line and compare the time-vacuum loss values in each segment.X2.4.2 If the values in each segment are comparable, the vacuum loss problem shall be distributed throughout the line, and furtheranalysis shall be made.X2.4.3 If the values in each segment are significantly different, each segment shall
41、be evaluated and further analysis be made todetermine the location of any significant vacuum loss.C1214 134ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised th
42、at determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reappr
43、oved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fe
44、el that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual rep
45、rints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1214 135
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