1、Designation: C 1490 04Standard Guide forthe Selection, Training and Qualification of NondestructiveAssay (NDA) Personnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1490; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide contains good practices for the selection,training, qualification, and professional development
3、of per-sonnel performing analysis, calibration, physical measure-ments, or data review using nondestructive assay equipment,methods, results, or techniques. The guide also covers NDApersonnel involved with NDA equipment setup, selection,diagnosis, troubleshooting, or repair. Selection, training, and
4、qualification programs based on this guide are intended toprovide assurance that NDA personnel are qualified to performtheir jobs competently. This guide presents a series of optionsbut does not recommend a specific course of action.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 1030 Test Method for D
5、etermination of Plutonium Isoto-pic Composition by Gamma-Ray SpectrometryC 1133 Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of SpecialNuclear Material in Low-Density Scrap and Waste bySegmented Passive Gamma-Ray ScanningC 1207 Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Plutoniumin Scrap and Waste by Passive N
6、eutron CoincidenceCountingC 1221 Test Method for Nondestructive Analysis of SpecialNuclear Materials in Homogeneous Solutions by Gamma-Ray SpectrometryC 1268 Test Method for the Quantitative Determination ofAmericium 241 in Plutonium by Gamma-Ray Spectrom-etryC 1316 Test Method for Nondestructive As
7、say of NuclearMaterial in Scrap and Waste by Passive-Active NeutronCounting Using a252Cf ShufflerC 1455 Guide for Nondestructive Assay of Special NuclearMaterial Holdup Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Meth-odsC 1458 Test Method for Non-destructive Assay of Pluto-nium, Tritium and241Am by Calorimetric
8、Assay2.2 U.S. Government Documents:10 CFR 830.120 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part830, Paragraph 120, Quality Assurance Requirements3DOE Order 5480.20ADOE QAPD CAO-941012 U.S. Department of Energy,Quality Assurance Program DocumentTWCP-QAPP CAO-941010 TRU Waste CharacterizationQuality Ass
9、urance Program Plan3. Significance and Use3.1 The process of selection, training and qualification ofpersonnel involved with NDA measurements is one of thequality assurance elements for an overall quality NDA mea-surement program.3.2 This guide describes an approach to selection, qualifi-cation, and
10、 training of personnel that is to be used in conjunc-tion with other NDA QA program elements. The selection,qualification and training processes can vary and this guideprovides one such approach.3.3 The qualification activities described in this guide as-sume that NDA personnel are already proficien
11、t in generalfacility operations and safety procedures. The training andactivities that developed this proficiency are not covered in thisguide.3.4 This guide describes a basic approach and principles forthe qualification of NDA professionals and technical specialistsand operators. A different approa
12、ch may be adopted by themanagement organization based on its particular organizationand facility specifics. However, if a variation of the approachof this guide is applied, the resulting selection, training, andqualification programs must meet the requirements of thefacility quality assurance progra
13、m and should provide all theapplicable functions of Section 4.3.5 This guide may be used as an aid in the preparation ofa Training Implementation Plan (TIP) for the Transuranic1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear FuelCycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
14、ittee C26.10 on Non DestructiveAssay.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 149001.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. F
15、or Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
16、n, PA 19428-2959, United States.Waste Characterization Program (TWCP). Requirements forTWCP training include but are not limited to: 10 CFR 830.120,DOE Order 5480.20A, DOE QAPD CAO-94-1012, TWCP-QAPP CAO-94-1010, TWCP-QAPjP and the TUM.4. NDA Roles, Responsibilities, and Duties4.1 The application an
17、d use of NDA techniques includessuch diverse activities as data review and analysis; measure-ment control activities; equipment operation, troubleshootingand repair; all require different levels of education, expertise,and training. Therefore the implementation and continuedsuccessful application of
18、 an NDA measurement program re-quires a complex mixture of theory, experience, and profes-sional judgement. For NDA professionals, a wide variety ofskills and knowledge areas is required. These knowledge areasinclude: physics, chemistry, statistics, electronics, engineering,health physics, quality a
19、ssurance and nuclear safety. Fortechnical specialists and operators, less emphasis can be put onformal education, but would be compensated for by higherlevels of job specific training.4.2 Based on roles and responsibilities, NDA personnel canbe broken into the following categories. These are not nec
20、es-sarily job titles and some facilities may combine one or morelevels.4.2.1 Senior NDA Professional:4.2.1.1 EducationAdvanced degree (M.S. or Ph.D.) inphysics, chemistry, or nuclear engineering and five years NDAexperience; or fifteen (15) equivalent years of experience in theNDA field.4.2.1.2 Expe
21、rtiseExpertise in most or all NDA tech-niques. Recognized nationally as an expert in one or moreNDA fields through such things as publications, active partici-pation in national NDA conferences or conducting NDAtraining courses. Knowledge areas cover most of those listed in4.1. Indepth knowledge and
22、 understanding of the NDAmethods and underlying principles contained in Test MethodsC 1030, C 1133, C 1207, C 1221, C 1268, C 1316, GuideC 1455, and Test Method C 1458 are essential.4.2.1.3 DutiesDesigns NDA measurement programs, in-cluding method selection and instrument performance specifi-cation.
23、 Performs NDA technical oversight over the entireprogram. Performs initial calibrations, qualifications and cer-tifications for instruments and methods. Provides expert tech-nical data review (ETR) services. Provides consultation onNDA matters to various facility departments and organizationssuch as
24、 nuclear safety, safeguards, nuclear materials controland accountability, waste characterization, waste disposal andproduction operations. Provides mentoring to other job catego-ries.4.2.2 NDA Professional:4.2.2.1 EducationUndergraduate degree in physical sci-ence or engineering and five years NDA e
25、xperience; or tenequivalent years of experience in the NDA field.4.2.2.2 ExpertiseExpertise in one or more NDA tech-niques. Recognized in NDA field on a local or facility basis.Knowledge areas cover several of those listed in 4.1. Under-standing of the NDA methods contained in one or more of thefoll
26、owing: Test Methods C 1030, C 1133, C 1207, C 1221,C 1268, C 1316, Guide C 1455, and Test Method C 1458, isessential.4.2.2.3 DutiesExpert technical data review (ETR). NDAmeasurement oversight. Performs routine instrument qualifica-tion, calibration, and validation. Reviews, approves measure-ment con
27、trol data. Provides consulting on NDA matters withinhis area of expertise to various facility departments andorganizations such as nuclear safety, safeguards, nuclear ma-terials control and accountability, waste characterization, wastedisposal, production operations. Mentors technical specialistsand
28、 operators.4.2.3 NDA Technical Specialist:4.2.3.1 EducationCollege degree with emphasis in physi-cal sciences and one year NDA experience or High school andtwo years NDA experience; or five equivalent years of expe-rience in the NDA field.4.2.3.2 ExpertiseKnowledgeable in one or more NDAtechniques.
29、Knowledge areas may cover one or more of thoselisted in 4.1.4.2.3.3 DutiesIndependent technical data review (ITR);instrument calibration, and validation. Performs measurementcontrol activities, instrument operation. Provides first responseto instrument problems, upset conditions. Performs trouble-sh
30、ooting.4.2.4 NDA Qualified Instrument Operator:4.2.4.1 EducationHigh School or equivalent technicaltraining, or equivalent years (2) of experience in the nuclearfacility field.4.2.4.2 ExpertiseTrained and qualified in operation of oneor more NDA instruments.4.2.4.3 DutiesOperation of NDA instrument.
31、 Recordingof NDA data and other duties as qualified and assigned.4.3 The hierarchy described above is only one set ofpossible tiers. Other tiered hierarchies providing equivalentfunctions are equally valid. The important consideration is theincreasing level of required expertise and independence ofa
32、ction with increasing job level function. Based on site-specificpractices and policies, the four levels presented above may becollapsed or expanded and the duties listed may move to othertiers in the hierarchy.4.4 In addition to the NDA personnel described above, theservices of other specialists are
33、 often required. These includestatisticians to help establish measurement uncertainties, con-trol limits, etc. Also, personnel trained in the maintenance andrepair of electronic and mechanical systems may be required.In all cases, the value of the services provided by thesespecialists is enhanced if
34、 they have a basic understanding ofNDA methods and instruments.5. Selection5.1 The selection of NDA personnel should be a careful andthoughtful process that recognizes the responsibilities that areunique to the NDA position. The selection process shouldinclude an evaluation of the NDA candidates tec
35、hnical skills,as well as the individuals experience and past performancerelative to the position requirements.5.2 The attributes, characteristics, and skills used as criteriafor selecting NDA candidates or trainees should includeC1490042demonstrated qualities such as: judgment, motivation, integ-rit
36、y, communication skills, teamwork skills, diagnostic skills,analytical ability, and strong technical competence.5.3 The NDA organization should have a selection processfor initial hiring and promoting of personnel. This process mayinvolve a selection test, in addition to interviews. Selectionshould
37、be based on the ability to meet position qualificationcriteria with reasonable amounts of training.6. Training6.1 A training program should be established to develop andenhance the skills, knowledge, and abilities of NDA trainees toperform their job assignments. The program should consist ofa combin
38、ation of classroom-type and on-the-job training andshould include laboratory training (for those facilities that havelaboratory facilities), as it applies to the NDA position.6.2 Full implementation of an NDA training program re-quires a long-term commitment from both the NDA personneland management
39、. Training activities should be carefully man-aged to produce effective results.6.3 Each NDA organization should assess its training needsto develop a facility-specific training program. It is importantto implement a systematic method to update training programcontent to incorporate facility modific
40、ations, operating experi-ences, procedure changes, and changes in job requirements.6.4 The complete training program for NDA personnel mayinclude courses offered by the national laboratories, commer-cial vendors, universities, and other centers of excellence. Thenecessity for this type of training w
41、ill depend on the roles andresponsibilities of the NDA personnel.6.5 Senior NDA professionals should conduct mentoringsessions with NDA trainees to discuss and promote areas thatinclude commitment to high standards of performance. Thesesessions may be conducted in either a one-on-one setting, or ass
42、mall group activities, as appropriate.7. Qualification7.1 Qualification is attained by demonstrating that an indi-vidual has satisfied the education, experience, training andother special requirements necessary for the performance ofassigned responsibilities. Qualification is the result of theproces
43、s of personnel selection and training required to effec-tively accomplish the duties of an NDA position or perform anNDA task.7.2 Qualification for NDA personnel should be documented.The process for progressing through the levels of qualification,frequency for and renewal of qualification, and perso
44、nnelrecord keeping should be defined and documented. NDAorganizations should describe the authority, duties, and respon-sibilities of each NDA professional or technician as they applyto NDA activities.7.3 Training should be conducted, evaluated, and docu-mented through the use of qualification guide
45、s, discussionoutlines, or checklists. Use of qualification guides is anexcellent method of tracking progress through the trainingprogram. Some portions of initial training may also be accom-plished through the on-the-job instruction by an NDA profes-sional. Training may also include specific trainin
46、g by otherdepartments in associated knowledge areas such as safeguards,measurement control, material accountability, and nuclearsafety.7.4 Auditable records of each individuals participation andperformance in, or exception(s) granted from, the trainingprogram(s) should be maintained. Training record
47、s shouldidentify the qualification and requalification dates and shouldinclude the following (as appropriate):NDA education, experience, employment history,Training programs completed and qualification(s) achieved,Correspondence relating to exceptions granted to trainingrequirements (including justi
48、fication and approval),Attendance records for required training courses or sessions,Latest completed checklists, graded written examinations, andoperational evaluations used for qualification.7.5 A historical record that documents initial qualificationson each position qualified should be maintained
49、. If more thanone qualification is achieved and maintained, the individualtraining record should contain documentation to that effect.7.6 For presently held qualification(s), the completed ex-aminations, checklists, operational evaluations, etc., should bemaintained on record. When an individual holds qualificationon multiple positions, records that support current qualifica-tions for each position should be maintained.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users
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