ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:PDF , 页数:10 ,大小:216.04KB ,
资源ID:511376      下载积分:10000 积分
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付 微信扫码支付   
注意:如需开发票,请勿充值!
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【http://www.mydoc123.com/d-511376.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(ASTM D2276-2006 Standard Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling《用线性取样法测定航空燃料微粒污染物的标准试验方法》.pdf)为本站会员(visitstep340)主动上传,麦多课文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文库(发送邮件至master@mydoc123.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

ASTM D2276-2006 Standard Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling《用线性取样法测定航空燃料微粒污染物的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 2276 06Designation: 216/97An American National StandardStandard Test Method forParticulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption

2、or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scop

3、e*1.1 This test method covers the determination of particulatecontaminant in aviation turbine fuel using a field monitor.1.2 There are two test methods described. The basic testmethod is used to evaluate the level of contamination gravi-metrically. The second test method, presented inAppendix X1,des

4、cribes a color rating technique that is used for rapidqualitative assessment of changes in contamination level with-out the time delay required for the gravimetric determinationsby stringent laboratory procedures.1.3 There are two Annexes and two Appendixes in this testmethod.1.3.1 Annex A1 provides

5、 some precautionary informationregarding the use of the required reagents.1.3.2 Annex A2 describes a standard practice for obtaininga sample of the particulates present in a flowing stream ofaviation turbine fuel.1.3.3 Appendix X1 describes a test method for rating theparticulate level in an aviatio

6、n turbine fuel on the basis of thecolor of a filter membrane after sampling the fuel in the field.1.3.4 Appendix X2 provides some safety precautions toavoid static discharge resulting from the accumulation ofelectrical charges in the fuel and on the equipment whilefollowing the procedures.1.4 The va

7、lues stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate

8、safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell Sys-temD 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 2244 Practi

9、ce for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of StaticElectricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD 5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Avia-tion Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD 6615 Specif

10、ication for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation TurbineFuel3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 membrane color, na visual rating of particulate on afilter membrane against ASTM Color Standards.3.1.2 membrane filter, na porous article of closely con-trolled pore size through which a liquid is passed to separatema

11、tter in suspension.3.1.2.1 DiscussionRR: D02-10123contains informationon membrane filters that meet the requirements therein.3.1.3 monitor, nsomething that reminds or warns.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct respons

12、ibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and acceptedby the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1964. Last prev

13、ious edition approved in 2005 as D 227605.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Supporting data (a

14、nd a list of suppliers who have provided data indicating theirmembranes, field monitors, and field monitor castings) have been filed at ASTMInternational Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1012.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copy

15、right ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3.1 DiscussionA plastic holder for a membrane filterheld in a field sampling apparatus.3.1.4 particulate, adjof or relating to minute separateparticles.3.1.4.1 DiscussionSolids generally

16、 composed of oxides,silicates, and fuel insoluble salts.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 volatile fuels, nrelatively wide boiling range volatiledistillate.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThese are identified as Jet B in Speci-fication D 6615 or the military grade known as JP-4.4. Summary o

17、f Test Method4.1 Aknown volume of fuel is filtered through a preweighedtest membrane filter in a field monitor and the increase inmembrane filter mass determined after washing and drying.The change in mass of a control membrane filter locatedimmediately below the test membrane filter is also determi

18、ned.The objective of using a control membrane is to assess whetherthe fuel itself influences the weight of a membrane. Theparticulate contaminant is determined from the increase inmass of the test membrane filter relative to the controlmembrane filter.4.2 This test method employs a field monitor to

19、filter asample of fuel that is taken in the field by the samplingprocedure detailed in Annex A2.4.3 For situations where it is not possible to take a fieldmonitor sample, procedures are given in Test Method D 5452for the determination of particulate contaminant in a fuelsample by laboratory filtrati

20、on.4.4 Appendix X1 describes a method for color-rating usedfilter membranes.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a gravimetric measurement ofthe particulate matter present in a sample of aviation turbinefuel by line sampling. The objective is to minimize thesecontaminants to avoid fi

21、lter plugging and other operationalproblems. Although tolerable levels of particulate contami-nants have not yet been established for all points in fueldistribution systems, the total contaminant measurement isnormally of most interest. The Appendix X1 color ratingmethod is useful for fuel system mo

22、nitoring purposes. Noquantitative relationship exists between gravimetric and colorrating test results.6. Apparatus6.1 Analytical Balance, single- or double-pan, the precisionstandard deviation of which must be 0.07 mg or better.6.2 Oven, of the static type (without fan-assisted air circu-lation), c

23、ontrollable to 90 6 5C.6.3 Petri Dishes, approximately 125 mm in diameter withremovable glass supports for membrane filters.6.4 Forceps, flat-bladed with unserrated, non-pointed tips.6.5 Vacuum System.6.6 Test Membrane Filters,4,3plain, 37-mm diameter,nominal pore size 0.8 m (see Note 1).6.7 Control

24、 Membrane Filters,4,337-mm diameter, nominalpore size 0.8 m. (Gridded control membrane filters may beused for purpose of identification.)NOTE 1Matched weight membrane filters,437-mm diameter, nominalpore size 0.8 m, may be used as test and control membrane filters if sodesired. Use of matched-weight

25、 membrane filters precludes the necessityfor carrying out subsequently the procedures detailed in Section 8.6.8 Dispenser for Flushing Fluid, 0.45-m membrane filtersto be provided in the delivery line (see Fig. 1). Alternatively,flushing fluid that has been pre-filtered through a 0.45 mmembrane befo

26、re delivery to the dispenser flask is acceptable.6.9 Field Monitors,4complete with protective plugs and34-mm support pads.6.10 Air Ionizer, for the balance case (see Note 2 and Note3).NOTE 2When using a solid-pan balance, the air ionizer may beomitted provided that, when weighing a membrane filter,

27、it is placed onthe pan so that no part protrudes over the edge of the pan.NOTE 3Air ionizers should be replaced within 1 year of manufacture.6.11 Multimeter/VOM, used for determining whether elec-trical continuity is 10 V or less between 2 points.6.12 Field Monitor Flushing Apparatus, of the type sh

28、ownin Fig. 2. It consists of a receiving flask large enough to containthe flushing fluid and shall be equipped with a side arm toconnect to the vacuum system. Reagent resistant tubing shallbe arranged to allow passage of a grounding wire.An assemblyof reagent grade resistant tubing and bung fitted w

29、ith a glasstube shall be assembled as shown in Fig. 2 to attach to a fieldmonitor.4All available membrane filters are not suitable for this application. Apparatusconsidered for this application shall be checked by the user for suitability inaccordance with the requirements of RR:D02-1012, 1994 revis

30、ion.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Filtering and Dispensing Flushing FluidD22760626.13 Ground/Bond Wire, Nos. 10 through 19, (0.912 to 2.59mm) bare stranded flexible stainless steel or copper installed inthe flask and grounded as shown in Fig. 2.7. Reagents7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall b

31、eused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.5Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the re

32、agent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 Purity of Water Unless otherwise indicated referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water as definedby Type III of Specification D 1193.7.3 Isopropyl Alcohol, reagent grade. (Wa

33、rningFlammable. See A1.1.)7.4 Liquid Detergent, water-soluble.7.5 Flushing Fluids:7.5.1 Petroleum Spirit (also known as petroleum ether or IPPetroleum Spirit 40/60) ( WarningExtremely flammable.Harmful if inhaled. Vapors are easily ignited by electrostaticdischarges, causing flash fire. See A1.2.),

34、having boiling rangefrom 35 to 60C.8. Preparation of Test and Control Membrane Filtersand Field Monitors Prior to Sampling8.1 Two 37-mm membrane filters of nominal pore size 0.8m are required: a test and a control membrane filter. Matched-weight membrane filters may be used if so desired (see Note 1

35、).If matched-weight membrane filters are used, it is unnecessaryto carry out the procedures detailed in this section because theyhave been carried out previously by the membrane filtersupplier. The two membrane filters used for each individualtest should be identified by marking the petri dishes use

36、d ascontainers. Glassware used in preparation of membrane filtersshall be cleaned as described in Section 10.8.1.1 Using forceps, place the test and control membranefilters side by side in a clean petri dish. To facilitate handlingthe membrane filters should rest on clean glass support rods inthe pe

37、tri dish.8.1.2 Place the petri dish with its lid slightly ajar, in an ovenat 90 6 5C and leave it for 30 min.8.1.3 Remove the petri dish from the oven and place it nearthe balance. The petri dish cover should be ajar but stillprotecting the membrane filters from contamination from theatmosphere. All

38、ow 30 min for the membrane filters to come toequilibrium with the ambient air temperature and humidity.8.1.4 Remove the control membrane filter from the petridish with forceps, handling by the edge only, and place itcentrally on the weighing pan.Weigh it and return it to the petridish.8.1.5 Repeat 8

39、.1.4 for the test membrane filter. Record themembrane filter masses.8.1.6 Take a clean field monitor, mark for identification,rinse with filtered flushing fluid, and insert a clean support pad.8.1.7 Using clean forceps, place the weighed control mem-brane filter centrally on the support pad in the f

40、ield monitor andplace the weighed test membrane filter on top of the controlmembrane filter. Assemble the two parts of the field monitor,ensuring that the membrane filters are firmly clamped insideand the protective plugs are in position.8.1.8 Record the monitor identification.9. Sampling and Testin

41、g Procedure9.1 When possible, 3.785 L (1 gal) to 5 L (1.321 gal) of fuelshould be passed through the monitor during field sampling.The sample volume actually employed shall be reported.(WarningJet A, combustible. Vapor harmful. See A1.3.)(WarningJet B, extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled.Vapors

42、may cause flash fire. See A1.4.)9.2 See Annex A2 for specific details of sampling practicesthat shall be followed.10. Preparation of Flushing Apparatus10.1 Fig. 2 shows the recommended configuration of theflushing apparatus. Alternative apparatus may be used, pro-vided that it achieves the same end.

43、10.1.1 Wash the petri dishes and supports with warm watercontaining detergent. Then rinse with warm water and finallywith distilled water.10.1.2 Rinse thoroughly with filtered isopropyl alcohol.10.1.3 Rinse thoroughly with filtered flushing fluid.10.1.4 Drain for a few seconds, and then air or oven

44、dry.10.2 Ensure that all glass and plastic tubing attached to thesolvent filtering dispenser is clean by flushing thoroughly withfiltered flushing fluid.11. Flushing and Weighing Procedure11.1 Upon receipt of the field monitor in the laboratory,assemble the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 with the field m

45、onitorin place on the stopper of the vacuum flask.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Po

46、ole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.FIG. 2 Field Monitor Flushing ApparatusD2276063NOTE 4Take care to ensure that monitors are tightly closed andpreferably clamped. Spring paper clips have been found su

47、itable for thispurpose.11.2 Place the tip of the delivery spout of the solventfiltering dispenser in direct contact with the monitor inlet hole.Introduce filtered flushing fluid.11.3 Apply vacuum to the flask and allow approximately250 mL of filtered flushing fluid to pass from the flushing fluiddis

48、penser through the monitor and into the vacuum flask.11.4 Remove the flushing fluid dispenser and slowly releasethe vacuum.11.5 Remove the monitor from the stopper of the vacuumflask and carefully dismantle it in an upright position.11.6 Carefully remove the test and control membrane filters,and pla

49、ce side by side on clean glass supports in a clean,covered petri dish.NOTE 5The test and control membrane filters can be removed fromthe monitor by pushing upwards against the support pad through the outletorifice with a thin dowel.11.7 Dry and reweigh the membrane filters as described in8.1.2-8.1.5, taking care not to disturb the contaminant on thesurface of the test membrane filter.12. Calculation and Report12.1 Subtract the initial mass of the test membrane filter,W1, from the final mass, W2.12.2 Subtract the initial mass of the control membrane filter,

copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1