ASTM F2216-2005 Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment《可选强度设备的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: F 2216 05An American National StandardStandard Specification forSelectorized Strength Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la

2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices forselectorized strength equipme

3、nt. Through these specifications, this specification aims to assistdesigners and manufacturers in producing functional, safe machines under proper operations. Theequipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily prevent injuries.Like other physical activities, exerci

4、se involving selectorized strength training equipment involves therisk of injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes guidelines for the designand manufacture of selectorized strength equipment as definedin 3.1.6, 3.1.16, and 3.1.29.1.2 It is t

5、he intent of this specification to specify productsfor use by individuals age 12 and above.1.3 This specification shall be used with its accompanyingtest method, Test Method F 2277.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only

6、.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced

7、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and FitnessFacility Safety Signage and LabelsF 2277 Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Perfor-mance Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment2.2 ANSI Standard:3B29.1 Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains, Attac

8、h-ments and Sprockets2.3 European Standards:4EN 957-1 Stationary Training EquipmentPart 1: GeneralSafety Requirements and Test MethodsEN 957-2 Stationary Training EquipmentPart 2: StrengthTraining Equipment, Additional Specific Safety Require-ments and Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1

9、 accessible areaexposed, narea within reach of theuser or third party when the machine is engaged duringentrance, use and termination of the exercise movement.3.1.2 accessible areaobscured, narea inaccessible tothe user of the machine but accessible to technicians or servicepersonnel.3.1.3 assist me

10、ans, nmechanism that the user engages onthe machine to assist them in getting into and out of the loadedstarting position.3.1.4 cam, nrotational component controlling the resis-tance to the user.3.1.5 catch point, nlocation at which edges, protrusionsor surfaces allow a body part to become injured.3

11、.1.6 consumer selectorized strength equipment,nselectorized strength equipment intended for home use orfor use in a home environment.3.1.6.1 DiscussionSince significant differences can arisebetween consumer and institutional selectorized strengthequipment, the products must be clearly identified as

12、not forcommercial use.3.1.7 corner, nintersection of three planes or surfaces ona single component.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.30 onFitness Products.Current edition approved

13、 Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 2216 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer

14、to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from CEN Management Centre, 36 rue de Stassart, B-1050, Brussels,Belgium.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv

15、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.8 edge, nintersection of two planes or surfaces on asingle component.3.1.9 extrinsic loading, nall loads applied to the machineor user means in addition to the users body weight.3.1.10 facility safety sign, nsign meeting the guideli

16、nesset forth in Specification F 1749 alerting facility users to thepotential hazards associated with institutional fitness equip-ment.3.1.11 field of view, nfield of view of the user defined byan arc of 150. Seventy five degrees on each side of the medianplane.3.1.12 fitness equipment, nmachine or b

17、ench designed foruse in exercising specific or multiple muscles of the body.3.1.13 foot support, nmachine component(s) contactingthe users feet during operation, entry, and exit from themachine.3.1.14 general warning label, nlabel designed within thescope of this specification and Specification F 17

18、49 which isaffixed to a portion of the strength equipment and drawsattention to potential hazards associated with use of thatequipment.3.1.15 guard, ncover or enclosure that prevents access,without the use of tools, into an otherwise accessible area.3.1.16 institutional strength equipment, nstrength

19、 equip-ment intended for use by numerous persons in a commercial orinstitutional facility, as opposed to home environment.3.1.17 integral handgrip, nlocation grasped by the userduring performance of the exercise that is contained withinanother component(s) of the machine.3.1.18 intrinsic loading, nl

20、oads applied to the machinedue only to the body weight of the user.3.1.19 maximum specified load, nmaximum working loadfor the machine as set forth by the manufacturer.3.1.20 maximum tension developed, nmaximum statictensile load experienced by a connector, fitting, rope, belt, orchain during use of

21、 the machine at the maximum specified loadfor the machine including all extrinsic loads.3.1.21 median plane, nplane of reference that divides themidline of the body of the user into equal right and left halves.3.1.22 pinch point, nlocation between two moving com-ponents or the location between a mov

22、ing and fixed componentthat, when entered, causes a portion of the body to becomeentrapped.3.1.23 pulley, ncomponent that guides, ropes, or belts andredirects forces from the resistance device to the cam or usermeans, or both.3.1.24 pull-in point, nlocation between two moving orrotating components,

23、or the location between a moving orrotating and fixed component that, when entered, causes aportion of the body to be pulled into and trapped between thecomponents.3.1.25 range of movement, nspace in which the user orpart of the user is moving when using the machine inaccordance to the instructions

24、supplied by the manufacturer.3.1.26 resistance means, nfor the purpose of this specifi-cation, the device or system that, when varied by the user,increases or decreases the force encountered by the userthrough the user means. For the purpose of this specification,such means include: weights, pneumat

25、ic cylinders, or elec-tronic systems and their controls.3.1.27 rope, nfor the purpose of this specification, a cordcomprised of intertwisted synthetic or natural fibers or steelwires used for the transmittal of load from the resistance meansto the user means.3.1.28 selector pin, nthe component used

26、to select resis-tance on weight based selectorized strength equipment.3.1.29 selectorized strength equipment, nstrength equip-ment where the resistance means is an integral part of themachine and may be varied easily by the user.3.1.30 shear point, nlocation at which parts move pastone another or pa

27、st a fixed point in such a manner that whenentered, causes a portion of the body to become caught in ascissors action between the components.3.1.31 site specific label, nlabel designed within the scopeof this specification and Specification F 1749 which is affixedto a portion of the strength equipme

28、nt and draws attention to apotential hazard in the immediate area of the label.3.1.32 strength equipment, nfitness equipment designedto strengthen one or more groups of muscles anaerobically.3.1.33 third party, nsomeone other than the user who is inthe immediate area of the machine.3.1.34 training e

29、nvelope, nmaximum space throughwhich the user and the machine components traverse when themachine is operated in accordance with the instructions.3.1.35 user means, nmovable component or assemblythat the user contacts to perform the exercise.3.1.36 user support means, nportion of the machine (seat,p

30、latform, etc.) that supports the user while the user is perform-ing the exercise.4. General Requirements4.1 StabilitySelectorized strength training equipmentshall be stable in the unloaded, intrinsically, and extrinsicallyloaded conditions.4.2 Construction:4.2.1 Edges and Corners:4.2.1.1 EdgesAll ed

31、ges in accessible areas shall be free ofburrs and lack sharpness.4.2.1.2 CornersAll corners in accessible areas shall beradiused or chamfered.4.2.2 Tube Ends and Open HolesTube ends and openholes in the exposed accessible areas shall be closed off eitherby other components or by plugs. Openings smal

32、ler than 9.5mm (0.37 in.) or holes that are required for the adjustment ofthe machine into and out of a use position are exempt from thisrequirement.4.2.3 WeightsWeights shall move only when displacedintentionally. Weights shall move freely along their guidemeans and return to the resting point. The

33、 travel of the weightsshall be controlled by the user such that no uncontrolledpendulum swing shall occur.4.2.4 Weight Selection PinWeight selection pins shall befitted with a positive retention means.4.2.5 Adjustment and Locking MeansAll adjustment andlocking means shall function securely. The poss

34、ibility ofF2216052inadvertent disengagement shall be reduced by spring reten-tion, clamps or other means.Adjustment knobs and levers shallnot interfere with the users range of movement.4.2.6 Handgrips:4.2.6.1 Integral HandgripsIntegral handgrips, if requiredfor proper use as defined by the manufactu

35、rer, shall beconspicuous and shall reduce slippage during normal use.4.2.6.2 Applied HandgripsApplied handgrips shall be of amaterial that reduces slippage and shall withstand an appliedpulling force of 90 N (20.2 lb) without movement in thedirection of the applied pulling force.4.2.6.3 Rotating Han

36、dgripsRotating handgrips shall beconstrained against lateral movement along their rotational axisand be constructed of a material that reduces slippage.4.2.7 Machine Ingress and EgressIf the user cannot (afteradjusting the machine according to the manufacturers instruc-tions) attain the loaded start

37、ing position for the machine, thenthe machine shall be provided with an assist means.4.2.8 Foot SupportBars or plates designed to support theusers feet during exercise or to assist in ingress/egress fromthe machine shall be fitted with or be of a material or surfacetype or configuration that reduces

38、 slippage.4.2.9 Ropes, Belts, Chains, or Other Means:4.2.9.1 GeneralRopes, belts, chains, and other means,including all attachment devices (links, shackles, end fittings,and termination means) shall not fail with a load equal to sixtimes the maximum static tension developed by the machineduring oper

39、ation and shall pass the endurance guidelines setforth in 4.5.3. All end terminations shall not be subjected tocyclic bending under normal machine operation as defined bythe manufacturer.4.2.9.2 ChainsChains for selectorized strength equipmentshall meet the general requirements of ANSI B29.1.4.2.10

40、PulleysPulleys for rope/belt drive machines shallrotate freely under all extrinsic loads.4.2.10.1 Wire Rope PulleysThe groove radius, r, of thepulley for wire rope driven machines shall meet the wire ropemanufacturers guidelines, allow for passing of the enduranceguidelines set forth in 4.5.3 or lie

41、 within the range given by thefollowing equation, or both:Cd21 5%toCd21 15 % (1)with Cd/2 + 10 % being the optimum. Cdis defined as thenominal wire rope diameter including coating. The treaddiameter, d, of the pulley shall be a minimum of 18 timesgreater than the bare wire rope diameter (without coa

42、ting).4.2.10.2 Belt PulleysThe diameter of the pulley shall beof sufficient size to yield a belt life meeting the parametersspecified in 4.5.3. Belt pulleys shall be designed to preventdisengagement.4.2.11 Rope/Belt GuardsDisengagement of ropes/beltsshall be prevented by the provision of adequate re

43、tentionguards or enclosures.4.3 Entrapment Points:4.3.1 General CommentsUnlike other machinery, selec-torized strength equipment is fully controlled by the user of theequipment. It is therefore assumed that the user shall takeresponsibility for his/her actions while using the machine andcan prevent

44、the inadvertent contact with machine componentswithin the users field of view by the user or a third party bystopping the exercise or movement of the machine. For thisreason, the discussion of entrapment points is broken downinto “within” and “outside” the field of view of the user.Wherever possible

45、, the design of movable components shallavoid catch, shear or pull-in points.4.3.1.1 In general, the fingers are the body components mostlikely to be injured. The primary exception to this is weightstacks where feet or hands, or both, could also be injured.Weight stacks shall be spaced less than 9.5

46、 mm (0.375 in.) orgreater than 25 mm (0.98 in.) from any fixed frame member.This spacing shall remain constant through the travel range ofthe weight stack. Weight stacks shall be spaced at least 25 mm(0.98 in.) from the base frame of the machine. Strengthequipment that includes weight stack enclosur

47、es designed inaccordance with 4.4 as a permanent feature of the machine areexempt from this requirement, provided that the enclosureextends past the rest position of the bottom weight plate.4.3.1.2 The user means or other moving components, orboth, shall not pass within 60 mm (2.36 in.) of the movin

48、gweight stack during the normal operation of the machine, asdefined in the instructions provided by the manufacturer.Mechanical stops are generally provided at one or bothextremes of the user means range of travel. Since the usermeans will contact the stops at these locations, they areexcluded from

49、the clearance requirements. However, if the stopis physically part of the moving user means, then it shall passno closer than 25 mm (0.98 in.) to any fixed frame membersthroughout its range of travel.4.3.1.3 If the machine framework or the users body place-ment, while using the machine in accordance with the manu-facturers instructions, prevents the uncontrolled access of athird party into the area of concern, then guarding is notrequired. The users body shall prevent access throughout theentire exercise range of mo