BS EN 12231-2003 Surfaces for sports areas - Method of test - Determination of ground cover of natural turf《运动场表面 试验方法 天然草皮地面覆盖度的测定》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12231:2003 Surfaces for sports areas Method of test Determination of ground cover of natural turf The European Standard EN 12231:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 97.220.10 BS EN 12231:2003 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards P

2、olicy and Strategy Committee on 15 August 2003 BSI 15 August 2003 ISBN 0 580 42467 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12231:2003. EN 12231:2003 is one of a package of standards being produced by CEN/TC 217. On publication of the entire package, B

3、S 7044 will be withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British S

4、tandards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.

5、This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible i

6、nternational/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the

7、EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN12231 April2003 ICS97.220.10 Englishversion Surfac

8、esforsportsareasMethodoftestDeterminationof groundcoverofnaturalturf SolssportifsMthodesdessaiDterminationdela couverturevgtaledungazonnaturel SportbdenPrfverfahrenBestimmungder BodendeckungbeiNaturrasen ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon9January2003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELEC

9、InternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeof

10、ficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,Franc

11、e,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrigh

12、tsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN12231:2003EEN12231:2003(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Termsanddefinitions. .4 4 Principle4 5 Swardheight .4 6 MethodA:Visualassessmentofgroundcover. .5 6.1 Procedure .5 6.2 Expr

13、essionofresults . .5 7 MethodB:Assessmentofgroundcoverbyframequadrate 5 7.1 Apparatus .5 7.2 Procedure .6 7.3 Expressionofresults . .6 8 MethodC:Assessmentofgroundcoverbypointquadrate .6 8.1 Apparatus .6 8.2 Procedure .7 8.3 Expressionofresults . .7 9 Testreport . .8 Bibliography 9EN12231:2003(E) 3

14、Foreword Thisdocument(EN12231:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC217,“Surfacesforsports areas“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2003,andconflictingnationa

15、lstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byOctober2003. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxemb

16、ourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN12231:2003(E) 4 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesthreemethodsforthedeterminationofgroundcoverofnaturalturfsports surfaces. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference

17、,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedrefe

18、rencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN12233, SurfacesforsportsareasDeterminationofswardheightofnaturalturf . 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermanddefinitionapply. 3.1 groundcover proportionofgroundoccupiedbytheperpen

19、dicularprojectionoflivegrassmaterialaboveit 4Principle Threemethodsoftestaregiven.MethodAisavisual,subjectiveassessmentofgroundcoverusingnomeasuring device.MethodBusesasamplinggridtogiveamoresystematicassessmentofgroundcover.MethodCusesa pointquadrateforwhenobjectivedataarerequiredorwhereadetailedas

20、sessmentofspeciescompositionis needed. Inallthreemethods,anobserverassessestheproportionofgroundcover,including: a) livegrass,whichincludeshealthy(green)andsenescent(yellow)leaftissue,togetherwiththelivingstem material,whichcanbeavarietyofcoloursdependingonthegrassspecies; b)weeds; c)moss; d) deadma

21、tterandbareground. Theprocedurescanbeusedtomeasurethelivegrassgroundcoverand/orgroundcoverforindividualplant species. 5 Swardheight Ensurethattheswardheight,measuredinaccordancewithEN12233,iswithintherangeappropriateforthegiven sport. NOTE Theamountofcoverthatisrecordedisdependentontheheightofgrass.

22、EN12231:2003(E) 5 Iftheswardheightisgreaterthanthevalueappropriateforthegivensport,mowtheturfbeforeassessment.On longerturfandifthegrassbladesarelyinginaprocumbentpositionbecauseofmowingorrolling,brushthetest areatoachieveamoreusualuprightpositionforthegrassblades. Iftheswardheightislessthanthevalue

23、appropriateforthegivensport,donotproceedwiththedeterminationof groundcover. 6 MethodA:Visualassessmentofgroundcover 6.1Procedure Withtheobserverstandinguprightdirectlyadjacenttothetestarea,estimatebyeyetheproportionofsports surfaceoccupiedbylivingplanttissue,deadmatterandbaregroundand,ifrequired,the

24、proportioncoveredby particularplantspecies.Recordonlylivingplanttissueasgroundcover.Recorddeadmatterandbareground separately,ifrequired.Disregardoverlapoflivingplanttissue,i.e.donotmultiplecount. NOTE Anareaquadrate(similartothatdescribedinMethodB,butnotnecessarilywithasmanysubdivisions),maybeused t

25、odefinethesamplingarea. Unlessotherwisespecified,assessatleastfiverandomlychosentestareasonsportssurfacesoflessthan100m 2 , assessfivetotentestareas,asappropriate,onsportssurfacesof100m 2 to1000m 2 andassesstentofifteentest areasonsportssurfacesof1000m 2 to5000m 2 .Subdividelargersportssurfacesintot

26、woormoresectionsand testeachsectionasabove. 6.2Expression of results Expresstheresultsastheestimatedpercentagesoflivegrasstissueand,ifrequired,givetheestimatedground coverforindividualplantspecies. 7 MethodB:Assessmentofgroundcoverbyframequadrate 7.1Apparatus 7.1.1Frame, between0,75mx0,75mand1,0mx1,

27、0minternaldimensions,dividedinto100smallersquares (eachsubdivisionrepresenting1%ofthetotalarea)usingstring,cordorthinwire,asshowninFigure1. Figure1FrameforestimatinggroundcoverEN12231:2003(E) 6 7.2Procedure 7.2.1 General Dependingonwhetherthecovercomponentstobecountedaresmallerorlargerthantheframesu

28、bdivisions,refer to7.2.2or7.2.3.Withtheobserverstandingupright,directlyadjacenttothetestarea,estimatebyeyethe proportionofsportssurfaceoccupiedbylivingplanttissue,deadmatterandbareground.Estimatethepercentage ofsmallweedplantsorscatteredspotsofbaregroundbythemethoddescribedin7.2.2.Assessthegeneral d

29、istributionofplantcoverascomparedwithextensivebareareasortheareasoccupiedbylargeweeds,moss patches,etc.asdescribedin7.2.3. 7.2.2 Covercomponentslessthansubdivisionsize Estimatehowmanyofthecomponentbeingassessedwouldberequiredtofillasubdivision(1%oftheframe), thencountthenumberofthatcomponentinthewho

30、leareabeingexamined(makingdueallowanceforanyoverlap thatoccurs)andfromthat,calculatethetotalpercentagewithintheframe. 7.2.3 Covercomponentsofsubdivisionsizeorlarger Counthowmanysubdivisionsintheframearewhollyfilledormorethanhalffilledbythecomponentbeing assessed.Allsubdivisionslessthanhalffilledarei

31、gnoredasempty.Thenumberoffullsubdivisionsisrecorded asthepercentagevalue. NOTE With100subdivisionsthefullandemptysubdivisionsareassumedtobalanceoutwithadequateaccuracy. 7.2.4 Numberofframeplacings Unlessotherwisespecified,makeatleastfiverandomplacingsoftheframeonsportssurfacesoflessthan100m 2 , make

32、fivetotenplacings,asappropriate,onsportssurfacesof100m 2 to1000m 2 andmake10to15placingson sportssurfacesof1000m 2 to5000m 2 .Subdividelargersportssurfacesintotwoormoresectionsandtesteach sectionasabove. 7.3Expression of results Expresstheresultsastheestimatedpercentagesoflivegrasstissueand,ifrequir

33、ed,givetheestimatedground coverforindividualplantspecies. 8 MethodC:Assessmentofgroundcoverbypointquadrate 8.1Apparatus 8.1.1 Opticalpointquadrate, asshowninFigure2.Theapparatusconsistsofahorizontalframewithtworows eachof10steelpins,fixed50mmapartwithinrowsand20mmbetweenrows.EN12231:2003(E) 7 Nottos

34、cale Dimensionsareinmillimetres. 20 1 A B A B 50 2 3 5 4 6 Key 1 Perspexguard 2 Pinsinpairs 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Pin 6 Perspexguard Figure2Opticalpointquadrateforgroundcovermeasurement 8.2Procedure Laytheframeontheturfandensurethatthebottomrowofpinsisatleast10mmabovetheuppermostgrass blades,usingsuppor

35、tsifnecessarytoraisetheframe.Alignbyeyethetipsofeachpairofpinstoidentifythepoint tobesampled.Ateachpointrecordwhatisdirectlybeneaththetips,i.e.speciesofgrass,weed,deadmatteror bareground.Continuesothatalltenpointsareexamined. Unlessotherwisespecified,recordinformationfrom30randomlyplacedframesonspor

36、tssurfacesoflessthan 100m 2 ,30to70frames,asappropriate,onsportssurfacesof100m 2 to1000m 2 and70to100framesonsports surfacesof1000m 2 to5000m 2 .Subdividelargersportssurfacesintotwoormoresectionsandtesteachsection asabove. 8.3Expression of results Expresstheresultsasthemeasuredpercentagesoflivegrass

37、tissue.Theindividualpercentageofeachgrass species(livematerialonly),weed,moss,deadmatterandbaregroundshouldalsobegiven.EN12231:2003(E) 8 9 Testreport Thetestreportshallincludethefollowinginformation: a) referencetothisstandard,i.e.EN12231:2003,andtheassessmentmethodused(MethodA,BorC); b) completeide

38、ntificationofthesurfacetested,includingitslocation,areaandprevioushistory; c) totallivegrasscoverandifrequired,thegroundcoverforindividualplantspecies.EN12231:2003(E) 9 Bibliography 1 EN12232, SurfacesforsportsareasDeterminationofthatchdepthofnaturalturfsportssurfaces.BS EN 12231:2003 BSI 389 Chiswi

39、ck High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated b

40、y amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Stan

41、dard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400. BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive

42、 the latest editions of standards. Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001. Email: ordersbsi-. Standards are also available from the BSI website at http:/www.bsi

43、-. In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested. Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standa

44、rds through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048. Email: infobsi-. Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and re