1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12231:2003 Surfaces for sports areas Method of test Determination of ground cover of natural turf The European Standard EN 12231:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 97.220.10 BS EN 12231:2003 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards P
2、olicy and Strategy Committee on 15 August 2003 BSI 15 August 2003 ISBN 0 580 42467 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12231:2003. EN 12231:2003 is one of a package of standards being produced by CEN/TC 217. On publication of the entire package, B
3、S 7044 will be withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British S
4、tandards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.
5、This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible i
6、nternational/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the
7、EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN12231 April2003 ICS97.220.10 Englishversion Surfac
8、esforsportsareasMethodoftestDeterminationof groundcoverofnaturalturf SolssportifsMthodesdessaiDterminationdela couverturevgtaledungazonnaturel SportbdenPrfverfahrenBestimmungder BodendeckungbeiNaturrasen ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon9January2003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELEC
9、InternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeof
10、ficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,Franc
11、e,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrigh
12、tsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN12231:2003EEN12231:2003(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Termsanddefinitions. .4 4 Principle4 5 Swardheight .4 6 MethodA:Visualassessmentofgroundcover. .5 6.1 Procedure .5 6.2 Expr
13、essionofresults . .5 7 MethodB:Assessmentofgroundcoverbyframequadrate 5 7.1 Apparatus .5 7.2 Procedure .6 7.3 Expressionofresults . .6 8 MethodC:Assessmentofgroundcoverbypointquadrate .6 8.1 Apparatus .6 8.2 Procedure .7 8.3 Expressionofresults . .7 9 Testreport . .8 Bibliography 9EN12231:2003(E) 3
14、Foreword Thisdocument(EN12231:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC217,“Surfacesforsports areas“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2003,andconflictingnationa
15、lstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byOctober2003. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxemb
16、ourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN12231:2003(E) 4 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesthreemethodsforthedeterminationofgroundcoverofnaturalturfsports surfaces. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference
17、,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedrefe
18、rencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN12233, SurfacesforsportsareasDeterminationofswardheightofnaturalturf . 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermanddefinitionapply. 3.1 groundcover proportionofgroundoccupiedbytheperpen
19、dicularprojectionoflivegrassmaterialaboveit 4Principle Threemethodsoftestaregiven.MethodAisavisual,subjectiveassessmentofgroundcoverusingnomeasuring device.MethodBusesasamplinggridtogiveamoresystematicassessmentofgroundcover.MethodCusesa pointquadrateforwhenobjectivedataarerequiredorwhereadetailedas
20、sessmentofspeciescompositionis needed. Inallthreemethods,anobserverassessestheproportionofgroundcover,including: a) livegrass,whichincludeshealthy(green)andsenescent(yellow)leaftissue,togetherwiththelivingstem material,whichcanbeavarietyofcoloursdependingonthegrassspecies; b)weeds; c)moss; d) deadma
21、tterandbareground. Theprocedurescanbeusedtomeasurethelivegrassgroundcoverand/orgroundcoverforindividualplant species. 5 Swardheight Ensurethattheswardheight,measuredinaccordancewithEN12233,iswithintherangeappropriateforthegiven sport. NOTE Theamountofcoverthatisrecordedisdependentontheheightofgrass.
22、EN12231:2003(E) 5 Iftheswardheightisgreaterthanthevalueappropriateforthegivensport,mowtheturfbeforeassessment.On longerturfandifthegrassbladesarelyinginaprocumbentpositionbecauseofmowingorrolling,brushthetest areatoachieveamoreusualuprightpositionforthegrassblades. Iftheswardheightislessthanthevalue
23、appropriateforthegivensport,donotproceedwiththedeterminationof groundcover. 6 MethodA:Visualassessmentofgroundcover 6.1Procedure Withtheobserverstandinguprightdirectlyadjacenttothetestarea,estimatebyeyetheproportionofsports surfaceoccupiedbylivingplanttissue,deadmatterandbaregroundand,ifrequired,the
24、proportioncoveredby particularplantspecies.Recordonlylivingplanttissueasgroundcover.Recorddeadmatterandbareground separately,ifrequired.Disregardoverlapoflivingplanttissue,i.e.donotmultiplecount. NOTE Anareaquadrate(similartothatdescribedinMethodB,butnotnecessarilywithasmanysubdivisions),maybeused t
25、odefinethesamplingarea. Unlessotherwisespecified,assessatleastfiverandomlychosentestareasonsportssurfacesoflessthan100m 2 , assessfivetotentestareas,asappropriate,onsportssurfacesof100m 2 to1000m 2 andassesstentofifteentest areasonsportssurfacesof1000m 2 to5000m 2 .Subdividelargersportssurfacesintot
26、woormoresectionsand testeachsectionasabove. 6.2Expression of results Expresstheresultsastheestimatedpercentagesoflivegrasstissueand,ifrequired,givetheestimatedground coverforindividualplantspecies. 7 MethodB:Assessmentofgroundcoverbyframequadrate 7.1Apparatus 7.1.1Frame, between0,75mx0,75mand1,0mx1,
27、0minternaldimensions,dividedinto100smallersquares (eachsubdivisionrepresenting1%ofthetotalarea)usingstring,cordorthinwire,asshowninFigure1. Figure1FrameforestimatinggroundcoverEN12231:2003(E) 6 7.2Procedure 7.2.1 General Dependingonwhetherthecovercomponentstobecountedaresmallerorlargerthantheframesu
28、bdivisions,refer to7.2.2or7.2.3.Withtheobserverstandingupright,directlyadjacenttothetestarea,estimatebyeyethe proportionofsportssurfaceoccupiedbylivingplanttissue,deadmatterandbareground.Estimatethepercentage ofsmallweedplantsorscatteredspotsofbaregroundbythemethoddescribedin7.2.2.Assessthegeneral d
29、istributionofplantcoverascomparedwithextensivebareareasortheareasoccupiedbylargeweeds,moss patches,etc.asdescribedin7.2.3. 7.2.2 Covercomponentslessthansubdivisionsize Estimatehowmanyofthecomponentbeingassessedwouldberequiredtofillasubdivision(1%oftheframe), thencountthenumberofthatcomponentinthewho
30、leareabeingexamined(makingdueallowanceforanyoverlap thatoccurs)andfromthat,calculatethetotalpercentagewithintheframe. 7.2.3 Covercomponentsofsubdivisionsizeorlarger Counthowmanysubdivisionsintheframearewhollyfilledormorethanhalffilledbythecomponentbeing assessed.Allsubdivisionslessthanhalffilledarei
31、gnoredasempty.Thenumberoffullsubdivisionsisrecorded asthepercentagevalue. NOTE With100subdivisionsthefullandemptysubdivisionsareassumedtobalanceoutwithadequateaccuracy. 7.2.4 Numberofframeplacings Unlessotherwisespecified,makeatleastfiverandomplacingsoftheframeonsportssurfacesoflessthan100m 2 , make
32、fivetotenplacings,asappropriate,onsportssurfacesof100m 2 to1000m 2 andmake10to15placingson sportssurfacesof1000m 2 to5000m 2 .Subdividelargersportssurfacesintotwoormoresectionsandtesteach sectionasabove. 7.3Expression of results Expresstheresultsastheestimatedpercentagesoflivegrasstissueand,ifrequir
33、ed,givetheestimatedground coverforindividualplantspecies. 8 MethodC:Assessmentofgroundcoverbypointquadrate 8.1Apparatus 8.1.1 Opticalpointquadrate, asshowninFigure2.Theapparatusconsistsofahorizontalframewithtworows eachof10steelpins,fixed50mmapartwithinrowsand20mmbetweenrows.EN12231:2003(E) 7 Nottos
34、cale Dimensionsareinmillimetres. 20 1 A B A B 50 2 3 5 4 6 Key 1 Perspexguard 2 Pinsinpairs 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Pin 6 Perspexguard Figure2Opticalpointquadrateforgroundcovermeasurement 8.2Procedure Laytheframeontheturfandensurethatthebottomrowofpinsisatleast10mmabovetheuppermostgrass blades,usingsuppor
35、tsifnecessarytoraisetheframe.Alignbyeyethetipsofeachpairofpinstoidentifythepoint tobesampled.Ateachpointrecordwhatisdirectlybeneaththetips,i.e.speciesofgrass,weed,deadmatteror bareground.Continuesothatalltenpointsareexamined. Unlessotherwisespecified,recordinformationfrom30randomlyplacedframesonspor
36、tssurfacesoflessthan 100m 2 ,30to70frames,asappropriate,onsportssurfacesof100m 2 to1000m 2 and70to100framesonsports surfacesof1000m 2 to5000m 2 .Subdividelargersportssurfacesintotwoormoresectionsandtesteachsection asabove. 8.3Expression of results Expresstheresultsasthemeasuredpercentagesoflivegrass
37、tissue.Theindividualpercentageofeachgrass species(livematerialonly),weed,moss,deadmatterandbaregroundshouldalsobegiven.EN12231:2003(E) 8 9 Testreport Thetestreportshallincludethefollowinginformation: a) referencetothisstandard,i.e.EN12231:2003,andtheassessmentmethodused(MethodA,BorC); b) completeide
38、ntificationofthesurfacetested,includingitslocation,areaandprevioushistory; c) totallivegrasscoverandifrequired,thegroundcoverforindividualplantspecies.EN12231:2003(E) 9 Bibliography 1 EN12232, SurfacesforsportsareasDeterminationofthatchdepthofnaturalturfsportssurfaces.BS EN 12231:2003 BSI 389 Chiswi
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