BS EN ISO 12777-2-2000 Methods of test for pallet joints - Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nails and staples《托盘连接件的检验方法 托盘用钉子合U型钉抗拉试验》.pdf

1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 12777-2:2000 Th

2、e European Standard EN ISO 12777-2:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 21.060.50; 21.060.70; 55.180.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Methods of test for pallet joints Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nai

3、ls and staplesThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2000 BSI 08-2000 ISBN 0 580 34970 5 BS EN ISO 12777-2:2000 Amendments

4、issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 12777-2:2000. It is identical with ISO 12777-2:2000. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PKW/3, Distribution packaging,

5、transport packaging and unit loads, to Subcommittee PKW/3/4, Pallets, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; m

6、onitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which l

7、ists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence In

8、dex”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself

9、confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 10, the annex ZA page and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this do

10、cument indicates when the document was last issued.EUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO127772 April2000 ICS Englishversion MethodsoftestforpalletjointsPart2:Determinationof withdrawalandheadpullthroughresistanceofpalletnailsand staples(ISO127772:2000) Mthodesdessaidesassemblagesdepal

11、ettesPartie2: Dterminationdelarrachageetdelarsistancedelatte desclousetclouscavaliersdepalettes(ISO12777 2:2000) PrfungenvonVerbindungenanPalettenTeil2:Prfung desAuszugsundKopfdurchzugswiderstandesvonNgeln undKlammern(ISO127772:2000) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon15April2000. CENmembersarebo

12、undtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. This

13、EuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cz

14、echRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG CentralSecretariat:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2000C

15、EN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO127772:2000EForeword The textoftheInternationalStandar d ISO127772:2000hasbeenprepare d byTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC51 “Palletsforunitloadmethodofmaterialshandling“incollaborationwithTechnicalCommittee

16、CEN/TC261 “Packaging“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisEuropeanStandardshallb e giventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherb y publicationofanidenticaltext orbyendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2000,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawna tthe latestbyOctober2000. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELE

17、CInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsof thefollowing countriesareboundt o implementthisEuropeanStandard : Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic , Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland , Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal , Spain,Sweden, SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKing

18、dom. Endorsementnotice ThetextoftheInternationalStandardISO127772:2000wasapprovedbyCENasaEuropeanStandard withoutanymodification. NOTE:NormativereferencestoInternationalStandardsarelistedinannexZA(normative). EN ISO 12777-2:2000Referencenumber ISO12777-2:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12777-2 Fi

19、rstedition 2000-04-15 Methodsoftestforpalletjoints Part2: Determinationofwithdrawalandhead pull-throughresistanceofpalletnails andstaples Mthodes dessai des assemblages de palettes P a r t ie2 :D t e rm i na t io nd el a r r a ch ag eetd el ar si st a n ced el at t ed e s clous et clous cavaliers de

20、 palettes EN ISO 12777-2:2000ii EN ISO 12777-2:2000 iii Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedina

21、subjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalst

22、andardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote.

23、AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthispartofISO12777maybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO12777-2waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC51, Pallets for unit load method of materials handling. ISO1

24、2777consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegeneraltitle Methods of test for pallet joints: Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nails and staples Part 3: Determi

25、nation of pallet joint strength EN ISO 12777-2:2000iv Introduction In1988ISO/TC51considereddevelopingstandardtestmethodsforpalletjoints.Itbecameevidentthatthelackof InternationalStandardsonnailtestingmeantthatfasteners(essentialelementsofpalletjoints)couldnotbe characterizedsufficientlytoenableworth

26、whileprogressonfulljointtesting.Althoughtherewereexisting,or partiallydeveloped,nailtestingprinciples,itwasconsideredthat,inapracticalsituationwhere,forqualitycontrol purposesorcomparisonsofnailquality,reasonablyaccurateandrapidnailstrengthdatawererequired,oneor both,ofthetwoexistingcommercialnailte

27、sterswerebettersuitedtotheneedsofpalletmakers,pallettest laboratoriesandnailmanufacturers.ThisisnowISO12777-1. Preliminaryworkledthemanufacturersofbothmachinestomakedesignmodificationstoimproveaccuracy.An evaluation,carriedoutwiththecooperationofthemanufacturers/agentsofeachnailtestmachine,demonstra

28、ted thatthetechnicalrequirementsfornailtestmachines/principlesweremetbybothmachines.Theprinciplesofthese testmethodsaregiveninISO12777-1.Theyareprimarilyconcernedwithpalletjointsinshearconfiguration. ThispartofISO12777extendsthepossibilityofcharacterizingnailswithrelationtotheiraxialconfigurationand

29、the methodsinvolvestandardlaboratorytestingequipment.However,thesetestsaremorecomplexthanthosein part1andarenotsuitableforroutinequalitycontrolofpalletsorpalletjoints.Additionally,thehighlysignificant influenceofdelayedtestingmustbeconsideredinallpartsofISO12777.Valuesofstrengthfrequentlyincrease ev

30、enafewdaysafterwoodjointassemblyanddelayedtestingmaybemorerelevanttolong-termpalletusage. EN ISO 12777-2:2000 1 Methodsoftestforpalletjoints Part2: Determinationofwithdrawalandheadpull-throughresistance ofpalletnailsandstaples 1 Scope ThispartofISO12777specifiesmethodsofdeterminingtheresistanceofpal

31、letnailsandstaplestoaxialloadby specifyingtestmethodsfordetermining: a) characteristicsandmaximumloadforaxiallyloadednailedorstapledjoints(woodtowood); b) characteristicsandmaximumloadforaxiallyloadednailedorstapledjoints(forwoodtowood-basedmaterials andwoodtonon-wood-basedmaterials,suchasplastics).

32、 Thesetestmethodsapplytojointswithalltypesofnailsupto7mmindiameter(includingplainroundshank, square,fluted,twisted,helicalandannularthreaded)andmayalsobesuitableforotherfastenerssuchaswood staples. 2 Normativereferences Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,

33、constituteprovisionsof thispartofISO12777.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthesepublications donotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthispartofISO12777areencouragedtoinvestigatethe possibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.Forund

34、ated references,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIECmaintain registersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO445:1996, Pallets for material handling Vocabulary. ISO1133, Plastics Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and the melt volume-flow rate (M

35、VR) of thermoplastics. ISO1183:1987, Plastics Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics. ISO3130, Wood Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests. ISO3131, Wood Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests. ISO6891:1983,

36、Timber structures Joints made with mechanical fasteners General principles for the determination of strength and deformation characteristics. ISO8970, Timber structures Testing of joints made with mechanical fasteners Requirements for wood density. ISO12777-1, Methods of test for pallet joints Part

37、1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples. EN ISO 12777-2:20002 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthispartofISO12777,thenailandstapleterminologygiveninISO445:1996andthefollowing termsanddefinitionsapply.OthersymbolsareshowninTable1. 3.1 nail s

38、traightfastenermadefromroundorsquarestock,usuallypointedandheaded,designedtobeimpulsedriven 3.2 nailshankdiameter d diametermeasuredovertheplainsection 3.3 staple doublerightangledorU-shapedround,oval,squareorrectangularwirefastenerwithtwolegs,usuallyofthesame lengthandusuallypointed,connectedbyitsc

39、rown 3.4 staplecrown connectionbetweenthetwostaplelegs 3.5 crownwidth L distancebetweenthestaplelegs 3.6 staplelength l lengthofeachstapleleg,includingthepoint,totheundersideofthecrown 3.7 crownangle smallestanglemeasuredbetweenthecrowndirectionandgraindirection 3.8 crowncentre centreofstaplecrownfr

40、omwhichallwoodendandedgedistances,aswellasdistancesbetweenstaples,are measured 3.10 staplediameter d dimensionofeachstaplelegintheroundsection Table1Symbols Nailheaddiameter Headcountersinkangle Staplewidth Staplethickness Distancebetweennails D T t P mm degrees mm mm mm EN ISO 12777-2:2000 3 Key 1

41、Crowncentre 2 Crownangle Figure1Staples:Definitionsandmeasurements 4 Materials 4.1 Non-timbermaterials 4.1.1 Ifthematerialisnotofuniformdensityoritexhibitsgraineffects,thisshallberecordedandseparatetests shallbeconductedtomeasuretheeffectofsuchanisotropicity. 4.1.2 Plasticsshallhavethetensilestrengt

42、hoffinishedmaterial(MoR),themeltmass-flowrate(MFR)andmelt volumeflowrate(MVR)recordedinaccordancewithISO1133,anddensityinaccordancewithISO1183. 4.2 Timber 4.2.1 ThetimbershallbeselectedinaccordancewithISO8970. 4.2.2 Forcomparativetestsondifferenttypesoffastener,nailsorstaplesshallbedrivenintoawoodsp

43、ecimen cutfromthesameplanktoensureabalanceddensityspecimen,orthewoodmayremainuncutasshownin Figure2.Iffurtherspecimensarecutfromadifferentplank,theseshallbemadeupinasimilarmanner. 4.2.3 Timbermembersforthespecimensshallbecutsothatareasintowhichthefastenersareembeddedare freefromknots,localgraindistu

44、rbance,fissuresandwane.Elsewherethemembersshallbefreefrommajor defectswhichcouldleadtoprematureorunrepresentativefailure. 4.2.4 Iftherearenospecialrequirements,thetimbershallbeplaned. 4.2.5 Withinafewhours,themoisturecontentofthetimbershallbedeterminedinaccordancewithISO3130, anditsdensityinaccordan

45、cewithISO3131. 4.2.6 Theidentityofthegenusand,wherepossible,thespeciesshallbeconfirmedbyanatomicalexamination.If thiscannotbedoneatthetimeoftest,thenasampleshallberetainedforlaterexamination. EN ISO 12777-2:20004 4.3 Sheetandmanufacturedmaterials Thepropertiesofthematerialsshallbedeterminedusingstan

46、dardtestmethods.Thesepropertiesshouldinclude density,moisturecontentandthephysicallay-upofveneersinplywood.Inparticle-board,theresinpercentageand mixofspecies,chipsize,orientation,etc.,shallberecorded. 4.4 Nails 4.4.1 ThestrengthinbendingshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithISO12777-1. 4.4.2 Shouldheads

47、pullofforshanksfractureduringwithdrawaltesting,then,inadditiontodeterminationof bendingstrength,thetensilestrengthoftheunprofiled(plain)shankshallbemeasuredinnewtonspersquare millimetre. 5 Testspecimens 5.1 General 5.1.1 Thereshallbeasufficientlylargenumberoftestspecimenstopermitstatisticaltreatment

48、oftheresults.A sampleof16shouldbeconsideredaminimumforeachchangeofvariable. 5.1.2 Forthedeterminationofstrengthvaluesforjointswithaseriesofnailsorstapleswithdifferentdiameters,a sufficientnumberofdiametersshallbetestedsothatinterpolationoftheresultscanbemade. 5.1.3 Forplastics,assembleat20C 4C.Forwood,thepreparationofsamplesandtestingofwoodorwood basedmaterialsshalltakeintoaccountthefollowingfactors: a) assemblyoftestjointssh