1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 12777-2:2000 Th
2、e European Standard EN ISO 12777-2:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 21.060.50; 21.060.70; 55.180.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Methods of test for pallet joints Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nai
3、ls and staplesThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 August 2000 BSI 08-2000 ISBN 0 580 34970 5 BS EN ISO 12777-2:2000 Amendments
4、issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 12777-2:2000. It is identical with ISO 12777-2:2000. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PKW/3, Distribution packaging,
5、transport packaging and unit loads, to Subcommittee PKW/3/4, Pallets, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; m
6、onitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which l
7、ists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence In
8、dex”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself
9、confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 10, the annex ZA page and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this do
10、cument indicates when the document was last issued.EUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO127772 April2000 ICS Englishversion MethodsoftestforpalletjointsPart2:Determinationof withdrawalandheadpullthroughresistanceofpalletnailsand staples(ISO127772:2000) Mthodesdessaidesassemblagesdepal
11、ettesPartie2: Dterminationdelarrachageetdelarsistancedelatte desclousetclouscavaliersdepalettes(ISO12777 2:2000) PrfungenvonVerbindungenanPalettenTeil2:Prfung desAuszugsundKopfdurchzugswiderstandesvonNgeln undKlammern(ISO127772:2000) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon15April2000. CENmembersarebo
12、undtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. This
13、EuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cz
14、echRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG CentralSecretariat:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2000C
15、EN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO127772:2000EForeword The textoftheInternationalStandar d ISO127772:2000hasbeenprepare d byTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC51 “Palletsforunitloadmethodofmaterialshandling“incollaborationwithTechnicalCommittee
16、CEN/TC261 “Packaging“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisEuropeanStandardshallb e giventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherb y publicationofanidenticaltext orbyendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2000,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawna tthe latestbyOctober2000. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELE
17、CInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsof thefollowing countriesareboundt o implementthisEuropeanStandard : Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic , Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland , Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal , Spain,Sweden, SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKing
18、dom. Endorsementnotice ThetextoftheInternationalStandardISO127772:2000wasapprovedbyCENasaEuropeanStandard withoutanymodification. NOTE:NormativereferencestoInternationalStandardsarelistedinannexZA(normative). EN ISO 12777-2:2000Referencenumber ISO12777-2:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12777-2 Fi
19、rstedition 2000-04-15 Methodsoftestforpalletjoints Part2: Determinationofwithdrawalandhead pull-throughresistanceofpalletnails andstaples Mthodes dessai des assemblages de palettes P a r t ie2 :D t e rm i na t io nd el a r r a ch ag eetd el ar si st a n ced el at t ed e s clous et clous cavaliers de
20、 palettes EN ISO 12777-2:2000ii EN ISO 12777-2:2000 iii Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechnical committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedina
21、subjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commission(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalst
22、andardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalbyatleast75%ofthememberbodiescastingavote.
23、AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthispartofISO12777maybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO12777-2waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC51, Pallets for unit load method of materials handling. ISO1
24、2777consistsofthefollowingparts,underthegeneraltitle Methods of test for pallet joints: Part 1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples Part 2: Determination of withdrawal and head pull-through resistance of pallet nails and staples Part 3: Determi
25、nation of pallet joint strength EN ISO 12777-2:2000iv Introduction In1988ISO/TC51considereddevelopingstandardtestmethodsforpalletjoints.Itbecameevidentthatthelackof InternationalStandardsonnailtestingmeantthatfasteners(essentialelementsofpalletjoints)couldnotbe characterizedsufficientlytoenableworth
26、whileprogressonfulljointtesting.Althoughtherewereexisting,or partiallydeveloped,nailtestingprinciples,itwasconsideredthat,inapracticalsituationwhere,forqualitycontrol purposesorcomparisonsofnailquality,reasonablyaccurateandrapidnailstrengthdatawererequired,oneor both,ofthetwoexistingcommercialnailte
27、sterswerebettersuitedtotheneedsofpalletmakers,pallettest laboratoriesandnailmanufacturers.ThisisnowISO12777-1. Preliminaryworkledthemanufacturersofbothmachinestomakedesignmodificationstoimproveaccuracy.An evaluation,carriedoutwiththecooperationofthemanufacturers/agentsofeachnailtestmachine,demonstra
28、ted thatthetechnicalrequirementsfornailtestmachines/principlesweremetbybothmachines.Theprinciplesofthese testmethodsaregiveninISO12777-1.Theyareprimarilyconcernedwithpalletjointsinshearconfiguration. ThispartofISO12777extendsthepossibilityofcharacterizingnailswithrelationtotheiraxialconfigurationand
29、the methodsinvolvestandardlaboratorytestingequipment.However,thesetestsaremorecomplexthanthosein part1andarenotsuitableforroutinequalitycontrolofpalletsorpalletjoints.Additionally,thehighlysignificant influenceofdelayedtestingmustbeconsideredinallpartsofISO12777.Valuesofstrengthfrequentlyincrease ev
30、enafewdaysafterwoodjointassemblyanddelayedtestingmaybemorerelevanttolong-termpalletusage. EN ISO 12777-2:2000 1 Methodsoftestforpalletjoints Part2: Determinationofwithdrawalandheadpull-throughresistance ofpalletnailsandstaples 1 Scope ThispartofISO12777specifiesmethodsofdeterminingtheresistanceofpal
31、letnailsandstaplestoaxialloadby specifyingtestmethodsfordetermining: a) characteristicsandmaximumloadforaxiallyloadednailedorstapledjoints(woodtowood); b) characteristicsandmaximumloadforaxiallyloadednailedorstapledjoints(forwoodtowood-basedmaterials andwoodtonon-wood-basedmaterials,suchasplastics).
32、 Thesetestmethodsapplytojointswithalltypesofnailsupto7mmindiameter(includingplainroundshank, square,fluted,twisted,helicalandannularthreaded)andmayalsobesuitableforotherfastenerssuchaswood staples. 2 Normativereferences Thefollowingnormativedocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,
33、constituteprovisionsof thispartofISO12777.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentsto,orrevisionsof,anyofthesepublications donotapply.However,partiestoagreementsbasedonthispartofISO12777areencouragedtoinvestigatethe possibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthenormativedocumentsindicatedbelow.Forund
34、ated references,thelatesteditionofthenormativedocumentreferredtoapplies.MembersofISOandIECmaintain registersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO445:1996, Pallets for material handling Vocabulary. ISO1133, Plastics Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and the melt volume-flow rate (M
35、VR) of thermoplastics. ISO1183:1987, Plastics Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics. ISO3130, Wood Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests. ISO3131, Wood Determination of density for physical and mechanical tests. ISO6891:1983,
36、Timber structures Joints made with mechanical fasteners General principles for the determination of strength and deformation characteristics. ISO8970, Timber structures Testing of joints made with mechanical fasteners Requirements for wood density. ISO12777-1, Methods of test for pallet joints Part
37、1: Determination of bending resistance of pallet nails, other dowel-type fasteners and staples. EN ISO 12777-2:20002 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthispartofISO12777,thenailandstapleterminologygiveninISO445:1996andthefollowing termsanddefinitionsapply.OthersymbolsareshowninTable1. 3.1 nail s
38、traightfastenermadefromroundorsquarestock,usuallypointedandheaded,designedtobeimpulsedriven 3.2 nailshankdiameter d diametermeasuredovertheplainsection 3.3 staple doublerightangledorU-shapedround,oval,squareorrectangularwirefastenerwithtwolegs,usuallyofthesame lengthandusuallypointed,connectedbyitsc
39、rown 3.4 staplecrown connectionbetweenthetwostaplelegs 3.5 crownwidth L distancebetweenthestaplelegs 3.6 staplelength l lengthofeachstapleleg,includingthepoint,totheundersideofthecrown 3.7 crownangle smallestanglemeasuredbetweenthecrowndirectionandgraindirection 3.8 crowncentre centreofstaplecrownfr
40、omwhichallwoodendandedgedistances,aswellasdistancesbetweenstaples,are measured 3.10 staplediameter d dimensionofeachstaplelegintheroundsection Table1Symbols Nailheaddiameter Headcountersinkangle Staplewidth Staplethickness Distancebetweennails D T t P mm degrees mm mm mm EN ISO 12777-2:2000 3 Key 1
41、Crowncentre 2 Crownangle Figure1Staples:Definitionsandmeasurements 4 Materials 4.1 Non-timbermaterials 4.1.1 Ifthematerialisnotofuniformdensityoritexhibitsgraineffects,thisshallberecordedandseparatetests shallbeconductedtomeasuretheeffectofsuchanisotropicity. 4.1.2 Plasticsshallhavethetensilestrengt
42、hoffinishedmaterial(MoR),themeltmass-flowrate(MFR)andmelt volumeflowrate(MVR)recordedinaccordancewithISO1133,anddensityinaccordancewithISO1183. 4.2 Timber 4.2.1 ThetimbershallbeselectedinaccordancewithISO8970. 4.2.2 Forcomparativetestsondifferenttypesoffastener,nailsorstaplesshallbedrivenintoawoodsp
43、ecimen cutfromthesameplanktoensureabalanceddensityspecimen,orthewoodmayremainuncutasshownin Figure2.Iffurtherspecimensarecutfromadifferentplank,theseshallbemadeupinasimilarmanner. 4.2.3 Timbermembersforthespecimensshallbecutsothatareasintowhichthefastenersareembeddedare freefromknots,localgraindistu
44、rbance,fissuresandwane.Elsewherethemembersshallbefreefrommajor defectswhichcouldleadtoprematureorunrepresentativefailure. 4.2.4 Iftherearenospecialrequirements,thetimbershallbeplaned. 4.2.5 Withinafewhours,themoisturecontentofthetimbershallbedeterminedinaccordancewithISO3130, anditsdensityinaccordan
45、cewithISO3131. 4.2.6 Theidentityofthegenusand,wherepossible,thespeciesshallbeconfirmedbyanatomicalexamination.If thiscannotbedoneatthetimeoftest,thenasampleshallberetainedforlaterexamination. EN ISO 12777-2:20004 4.3 Sheetandmanufacturedmaterials Thepropertiesofthematerialsshallbedeterminedusingstan
46、dardtestmethods.Thesepropertiesshouldinclude density,moisturecontentandthephysicallay-upofveneersinplywood.Inparticle-board,theresinpercentageand mixofspecies,chipsize,orientation,etc.,shallberecorded. 4.4 Nails 4.4.1 ThestrengthinbendingshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithISO12777-1. 4.4.2 Shouldheads
47、pullofforshanksfractureduringwithdrawaltesting,then,inadditiontodeterminationof bendingstrength,thetensilestrengthoftheunprofiled(plain)shankshallbemeasuredinnewtonspersquare millimetre. 5 Testspecimens 5.1 General 5.1.1 Thereshallbeasufficientlylargenumberoftestspecimenstopermitstatisticaltreatment
48、oftheresults.A sampleof16shouldbeconsideredaminimumforeachchangeofvariable. 5.1.2 Forthedeterminationofstrengthvaluesforjointswithaseriesofnailsorstapleswithdifferentdiameters,a sufficientnumberofdiametersshallbetestedsothatinterpolationoftheresultscanbemade. 5.1.3 Forplastics,assembleat20C 4C.Forwood,thepreparationofsamplesandtestingofwoodorwood basedmaterialsshalltakeintoaccountthefollowingfactors: a) assemblyoftestjointssh
