1、Designation: D5602/D5602M 18Standard Test Method forStatic Puncture Resistance of Roofing MembraneSpecimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5602/D5602M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers evaluation of the maximumstatic puncture load that roofing membrane specimens canwithstand
3、without allowing the passage of water.1.2 This laboratory test is conducted at any desired tempera-ture using sheet membrane specimens manufactured in afactory or prepared in a laboratory.1.3 Roof membrane specimens to which the test method isapplicable include bituminous built up, polymer-modifiedb
4、itumens, vulcanized rubbers, non-vulcanized polymeric, andthermoplastic materials.1.3.1 The applicability of this test method to these mem-brane specimens includes their use in vegetative roof systems.1.4 This test method is not applicable to aggregate-surfacedmembrane specimens, but it is applicabl
5、e to specimens havingfactory-applied granules.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the
6、two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mi
7、ne the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations
8、 issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene ThermalInsulationD1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of ter
9、ms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D1079.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Set on a thermal insulation substrate, the roofing mem-brane test specimen is subjected for 24 h to a predeterminedstatic puncture load (that is, force) using a ball bearing havinga 10-mm 0.39-in. diameter.4.2 The pr
10、edetermined static puncture load is selected asfollows:4.2.1 In accordance with a performance requirement givenin a standard specification in which this test method is cited, or4.2.2 Through agreement between the party requesting thetest and the testing laboratory.4.3 Puncture of the test specimen i
11、s assessed by visualexamination and, if necessary, verified by conducting a water-tightness test.5. Significance and Use5.1 An important factor affecting the performance of manymembrane roofing systems is their ability to resist staticpuncture loads. This test method provides a means for assess-ing
12、static puncture resistance.5.2 This test method can be used to compare the punctureresistance of a single type of membrane as a function of avariety of insulation substrates or, conversely, to compare theresistance of a number of membrane specimens set on a singletype of insulation.1This test method
13、 is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5602/D560
14、2M 11. DOI:10.1520/D5602_D5602M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Internation
15、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides
16、 and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.3 The effect of temperature on puncture resistance can bestudied by conducting the test under controlled conditionsusing such equipment as an environmental chamber, oven, orfreezer.5.4 This tes
17、t method can be useful for developing perfor-mance criteria for membrane roofing systems.5.5 This test method can be useful for developing classifi-cations of the static puncture resistance of membrane roofingsystems.5.6 While it is considered that the results obtained by thislaboratory test can aff
18、ord a measure of the static punctureresistance of membrane roofing systems in the field providedthat service loads and temperature conditions are known, nodirect correlation has yet been established.5.7 This test method can be useful for evaluating the staticpuncture resistance of membranes used in
19、vegetative roofsystems.6. Apparatus6.1 Static Puncture DeviceAn apparatus consisting pri-marily of a movable rod to which a 10-mm 0.39-in. diameterball bearing is attached at one end and a means for loading thespecimen is attached to the other (Fig. 1). The rod shall besufficiently rigid so that it
20、will not flex or rotate when usedunder the maximum test load.NOTE 1One means for loading the specimen is to attach a platform,on which deadweights are placed, to the rod. Another method is to usepneumatic loading whereby the ball bearing is attached to the piston rodand the load is measured by an ai
21、r pressure gage that has been calibratedagainst a load cell.6.1.1 The length of the rod above the specimen shall besufficient to provide adequate space for placing the specimenproperly on the insulation substrate. A framework, having aminimum width of 250 mm 9.8 in., supports the rod perpen-dicular
22、to the surface of the test specimen. Free verticalmovement of the rod shall not be hindered by the framework.The rod and framework shall be capable of supporting punctureloads up to at least 250 N 56 lbf.7. Sampling and Sample Preparation7.1 Single-Ply SamplesCut the test specimens directlyfrom the
23、sheet membrane material using the directions pro-vided in 8.1.7.2 Multi-Ply Samples Prepared in the Laboratory:7.2.1 Condition all components at 23 6 2C 74 6 3F and50 6 5 % relative humidity for 24 6 0.25 h prior to construct-ing the membrane sample.7.2.2 Prepare multi-ply membrane samples at least
24、0.90 by1.20 m 3 by 4 ft, in accordance with the membranemanufacturers instructions, or using other preparation meth-ods at the discretion of the test laboratory. The method ofpreparation shall be described in the test report. The quantity ofmaterial in each layer of the membrane sample shall be with
25、in10 % of that specified, and the entire sample shall be within5 %. Cut the test specimens directly from this larger membranesample using the directions provided in 8.1.8. Test Specimens8.1 DimensionsThe dimensions of the membrane testspecimens and insulation substrates are 200 by 200 mm 7.9 by7.9 i
26、n. 65 %. Cut the test specimens and substrates to sizeusing a metal template having these dimensions.8.2 Number of SpecimensA minimum of three test speci-mens is necessary to conduct the test.8.3 Type of Membrane Specimen SubstrateThe use of anyroof insulation as a membrane specimen substrate is all
27、owable.Unless otherwise specified, the membrane substrate shall beexpanded polystyrene board conforming to Specification C578,Type IX, and having a thickness of 38 mm 1.5 in. 615 %.The sections used as the specimen substrate throughout the testshall be taken from the same manufactured lot whateverin
28、sulation is used.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the apparatus and all specimens at the se-lected test temperature for a minimum of 8 h prior to testing.The selected temperature shall be maintained at 62C 63Fthroughout the test.10. Procedure10.1 LoadsThe load applied during testing shall be within61 %
29、of that selected. The load is selected:10.1.1 In accordance with a performance requirement givenin a standard specification in which this test method is cited, or10.1.2 Through agreement between the party requesting thetest and the testing laboratory.NOTE 2The mass of the ball bearing, rod, and plat
30、form assembly mustbe included in the load applied to the specimen.NOTE 3If there is interest to conduct the test at the maximum load atwhich specimen failure (that is, puncture) is expected to occur, thismaximum load, if unknown, can be estimated using the screeningprocedure described in Appendix X1
31、.10.2 Static Puncture Testing:10.2.1 Place a membrane specimen on an insulation sub-strate. Position the membrane-insulation assembly within theframework of the puncture device such that the ball bearing isNOTE 1membrane test specimen; 2insulation substrate;3movable rod; 4ball bearing; 5framework su
32、pporting the moveablerod and load; and 6load.FIG. 1 Schematic of the Static Puncture DeviceD5602/D5602M 182set on the center of the surface of the specimen (Fig. 1). Ensurethat the rod is aligned perpendicular to the specimen surface.10.2.2 Apply the selected load to the specimen for 24 60.25 h, and
33、 then remove the specimen from the puncture deviceand examine it visually to determine whether puncture hasoccurred.NOTE 4Some specimens, particularly single-ply synthetic materials,may not remain flat on the insulation substrate when loaded. Thiscondition is allowable, and provisions do not need to
34、 be taken to hold thespecimen flat on the substrate.10.2.2.1 If it cannot be determined visually that the speci-men has or has not punctured, apply a suitable watertightnesstest. One example of a suitable test is the use of water pressureof 5000 Pa 0.73 lbf/in.2 applied for 15 min to the surface oft
35、he membrane specimen that was subjected to the ball-bearingforce (Note 5). Another example is a dielectric test (Note 6).NOTE 5One type of watertightness test that has been used to examinewhether membrane specimens have been punctured incorporates a watercolumn sealed to the top of the membrane spec
36、imen over the location thatwas subjected to the puncture test. A water height of 500 mm 20 in.provides a pressure of 5000 Pa 0.73 lbf/in.2. A similar type ofwatertightness test uses a chamber in which the membrane specimen issealed and into which water is forced at the specified pressure.NOTE 6One d
37、ielectric test for examining whether membrane speci-mens have been punctured uses a 15 kV dielectric tester with a pointedelectrode. The test specimen is placed on a metal plate (second electrode),such that contact exists between the impacted area of the specimen and themetal plate. The size of the
38、metal plate is at least that of the specimen. A15 kV charge is applied across the specimen at the location of the appliedpuncture force by passing the pointed electrode over the impacted areawhile in contact with the specimen surface. If sparks are observed,puncture has occurred.10.2.3 Test ResultsC
39、onsider the results as follows:10.2.3.1 If none of the three specimens punctured at theselected load, report that the specimens passed the test.10.2.3.2 If one or more of the three specimens punctured atthe selected load, report that the specimens failed the test.11. Report11.1 Report, as a minimum,
40、 the following information;11.1.1 Complete identification of the roof membranesample, including type, source, manufacturer, and method ofpreparation, if made in the laboratory;11.1.2 Complete identification of the insulation substrate,including type, source, manufacturer, density, and thickness;11.1
41、.3 Load at which the test was conducted.11.1.3.1 If the load was selected in accordance with aperformance requirement in a standard specification, report thedesignation of the standard specification.11.1.4 Temperature of the test;11.1.5 Description of the watertightness test, if used; and11.1.6 The
42、test result; that is, whether the specimens passedor failed at the selected load.12. Precision and Bias12.1 No information is presented about either the precisionor bias of Test Method D5602/D5602M for measuring thestatic puncture resistance of roof membrane specimens sincethe test result is non-qua
43、ntitative.13. Keywords13.1 insulation substrate; membranes; puncture; roofing;static; test methodAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SCREENING PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING THE MAXIMUM LOAD RESULTING IN SPECIMEN PUNCTUREX1.1 IntroductionX1.1.1 Test Method D5602/D5602M determines the staticpuncture resi
44、stance of a roofing membrane specimen under apredetermined load. The load is selected by one of twoapproaches: (1) in accordance with a performance requirementgiven in a standard specification in which this test method iscited, or (2) through agreement between the party requestingthe test and the te
45、sting laboratory. There may be situationswherein it is desired to conduct this static puncture test at aload approximating the maximum load that the test specimencan sustain. For such cases, if the maximum load is not known,this appendix provides a screening procedure for estimatingthis maximum load
46、 (provided that it is not greater than themaximum capacity of the static puncture test apparatus).X1.2 Screening ProcedureX1.2.1 Place a membrane specimen on an insulation sub-strate. Position the assembly within the framework of thepuncture device such that the ball bearing is set on the centerof t
47、he surface of the specimen (Fig. 1). Ensure that the rod isaligned perpendicular to the specimen surface.X1.2.2 Select a load, in an integral increment of 10 N 2.2lbf, somewhat below that at which the specimen may beexpected to fail.NOTE X1.1Pretesting specimens under various loads is useful foresti
48、mating the initial load to be applied.NOTE X1.2The mass of the ball bearing, rod, and platform assemblymust be included in the load applied to the specimen.X1.2.3 Apply the load to the specimen for 24 6 0.25 h, andthen remove the specimen from the puncture device andexamine it visually to determine
49、whether puncture has oc-curred.NOTE X1.3Some specimens, particularly single-ply syntheticmaterials, may not remain flat on the insulation substrate when loaded.This condition is allowable, and provisions do not need to be taken to holdthe specimen flat on the substrate.X1.2.4 If it cannot be determined visually that the specimenhas or has not punctured, apply a suitable watertightness test.D5602/D5602M 183One example of a suitable test is the use of water pressure of5000 Pa 0.73 lbf/in.2 applied for 15 min to the surface of t
