1、Designation: D 5603 01 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Classification forRubber Compounding MaterialsRecycled VulcanizateParticulate Rubber1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification covers the compounding materialcommercially known as recycled vulcanizate p
3、articulate rub-ber. Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber is the product thatresults when vulcanizate rubber has been processed by somemeans to obtain a desired particle size distribution.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in
4、 thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2
5、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemicalAnalysisD 1418 Practice for Rubber and Rubber LaticesNomenclatureD 1509 Test Methods for Carbon BlackHeating LossD 1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD 1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-mentsD 3182
6、 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsD 4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesD 5644 Test Methods for Rubber CompoundingMaterialsDe
7、termination of Particle Size Distribution ofRecycled Vulcanizate Particulate RubberE 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE 105 Practice for Probability Sampling Of MaterialsE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision, the Average for a Ch
8、aracteristicof a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber,nrecyclable vulcanizate rubber that has been processed togive particulates or other forms of different shapes, sizes, andsize distributions.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe words “vulcanizate” and “vulca-
9、nized” are interchangeable. Additional terminology associatedwith this classification can be found in Terminology D 1566.3.1.2 parent compound, noriginal compound used in theproduct.4. Significance and Use4.1 Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber is important inrubber compounding. It allows the ru
10、bber compounder to adda certain percentage of rubber filler back into its parent orsimilar compounds or to use the material as substitute or standalone compound. Its use may lower compound costs orimprove performance characteristics, or both.1This classification is under the jurisdiction of Committe
11、e D11 on Rubber andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.20 on Compounding Materials andProcedures.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5603 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AST
12、M website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unite
13、d States.4.2 Many types of recycled vulcanizate particulate rubberare available, with the number of types of vulcanizate particu-late rubber limited only by the number of parent compounds.4.3 Use of recycled rubber has a positive environmentalimpact.5. Classification of Recycled Vulcanizate Particul
14、ateRubber5.1 Several grades of recycled vulcanizate particulate rub-ber exist. Their classification is based on two major character-istics: particle size distribution and the polymer type found inthe parent rubber from which the recycled vulcanizate particu-late rubber was derived.5.2 Particle Size
15、Distributionmaximum particle size. (Forproduct mesh size designations, see 5.5.)5.2.1 Coarse rubber powders are products with designationsof 425 m (40 mesh) or larger. These materials typically rangein particle sizes from 2000 m (10 mesh) to 425 m (40 mesh)regardless of polymer type or method of pro
16、cessing.5.2.2 Fine rubber powders are products with designationssmaller (finer) than 425 m (40 mesh). These materialstypically range in particle sizes from less than 300 m (50mesh) to less than 75 m (200 mesh) regardless of polymertype or method of processing.5.3 Classification by Parent Compounds:5
17、.3.1 Based on polymer/compound type alone, the threemost common grades (Grades 1, 2, and 3) used in rubbercompounding and three other grades are shown as follows:5.3.1.1 Grade 1Whole tire recycled vulcanizate particu-late rubber is prepared from passenger car, truck, and bus tiresfrom which the fibe
18、r and metal have been removed. The rubberis then processed to the desired particle size.5.3.1.2 Grade 2Car, truck, and bus tread recycled vulca-nizate particulate rubber is prepared from car, bus, and trucktread only, processed to the desired particle size. This materialis commonly referred to as “p
19、eel” rubber.5.3.1.3 Grade 3Tread recycled vulcanizate particulaterubber prepared by utilizing tire retread buffings only. Thismaterial is generated from car, truck, and bus tire retreadingwhere the processing (buffing) of the tire includes the tread andtire shoulder area only. This material is then
20、processed to thedesired particle sizes. The vulcanizate particulate rubber pro-duced from this material is usually characterized by someelongated rubber particles in the vulcanizate particulate rubberwith mesh size designations coarser than 600 m (30 mesh).When finer mesh sizes are produced, the elo
21、ngated nature ofthe particles is no longer present.5.3.1.4 Grade 4Whole tire recycled vulcanizate particu-late rubber prepared by utilizing tire retread buffings only. Thismaterial is generated from car, truck, and bus tire retreadingwhere the processing (buffing) of the tire includes the tread, tir
22、eshoulder area, and the sidewalls. This material is then pro-cessed to the desired particle sizes. The vulcanizate particulaterubber produced from this material is usually characterized byelongated rubber particles in the vulcanizate particulate rubberwith mesh size designation coarser than 600 m (3
23、0 mesh).When finer mesh sizes are produced, the elongated nature ofthe particles is no longer present.5.3.1.5 Grade 5Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubberprepared from off road tires, large equipment tires, industrialtires, forklift tires, farm implement tires, and others. This doesnot include car
24、, bus, and truck tires.5.3.1.6 Grade 6Recycled vulcanizate particulate rubbersare prepared from rubber vulcanizates from non-tire rubberproducts. This is not to imply that all polymer types can beused interchangeably. Actual classification according to poly-mer types shall be agreed upon between ven
25、dor and customer.5.4 Classification by Particle Size:5.4.1 The particle size designation portion of the classifica-tion is based on physical characteristics (that is, particledistributions using dry material sieve testing). Test MethodsD 5644 is used to determine the particle size distribution. Thep
26、roduct size designation is the mesh size based on the sizedesignation sieve-screen which allows a range for the upperlimit retained of zero to some maximum value depending onthe nominal mesh size designation (see Table 1). Each productwill also designate a sieve on which no product is retained.This
27、sieve (zero screen) will have a larger nominal openingthan the product size designation screen. Additional sieves canbe specified as agreed upon between the vendor and thecustomer to obtain a particular size distribution.5.5 Overall Classification Designations:TABLE 1 Recycled Rubber Product Designa
28、tionNominal Product DesignationExample ClassificationD 5603 DesignationAZero Screen, mPercent Retainedon Zero ScreenSize DesignationScreen, mMaximum PercentRetained onDesignation Screen10 Mesh Class 10-X 2360 (8 Mesh) 0 2000 (10 Mesh) 520 Mesh Class 20-X 1180 (16 Mesh) 0 850 (20 Mesh) 530 Mesh Class
29、 30-X 850 (20 Mesh) 0 600 (30 Mesh) 1040 Mesh Class 40-X 600 (30 Mesh) 0 425 (40 Mesh) 1050 Mesh Class 50-X 425 (40 Mesh) 0 300 (50 Mesh) 1060 Mesh Class 60-X 300 (50 Mesh) 0 250 (60 Mesh) 1070 Mesh Class 70-X 259 (60 Mesh) 0 212 (70 Mesh) 1080 Mesh Class 80-X 250 (60 Mesh) 0 180 (80 Mesh) 10100 Mes
30、h Class 100-X 180 (80 Mesh) 0 150 (100 Mesh) 10120 Mesh Class 120-X 150 (100 Mesh) 0 128 (120 Mesh) 15140 Mesh Class 140-X 128 (120 Mesh) 0 106 (140 Mesh) 15170 Mesh Class 170-X 106 (140 Mesh) 0 90 (170 Mesh) 15200 Mesh Class 200-X 90 (170 Mesh) 0 75 (200 Mesh) 15AWhen specifying materials, replace
31、the X with the proper parent material grade designation code. For example, Class 30-2 would indicate a 600 m (30 mesh) productmade from Grade 2 material, car, truck, and bus tread rubber. Class 100-6 would indicate a 150 m (100 mesh) product made from Grade 6 material, non-tire rubber.D 5603 01 (200
32、8)25.5.1 The overall classification of recycled vulcanizate par-ticulate rubber products is based on two designations: ParticleSize Distribution and Origin of the Rubber (Grades 1 through6).5.5.2 Table 1 lists the standard particle size designations forrecycled vulcanizate particulate rubber. Other
33、product sizedesignations not listed in Table 1 may be agreed upon betweenthe vendor and customer following the ASTM guidelines inthis classification.6. Sampling6.1 Test portions for the testing as outlined in Section 7 willbe taken on approximately each 1000 to 1250 kg or as agreedupon between vendo
34、r and customer.6.2 Test portions for sieve testing on products that arecoarser than 800 m (20 mesh) are selected in accordance withPractices E 105 and E 122.7. Composition and Properties7.1 Table 2 shows the typical chemical properties of all thetire grade particulate rubber in Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4
35、. Propertiesof particulate rubber other than those in Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4shall be as agreed upon between supplier and customer.7.2 The product designations portion of this classification isbased on physical characteristics (that is, particle distributions).Refer to 5.4 and Table 1.7.3 Material to
36、be substantially free of other foreign con-taminants including, but not limited to, wood and wood chips,paper, metal, sand, dirt, and glass.7.3.1 Visually examine the material for foreign contami-nants. None of these should be present.7.3.2 To check for iron content, weigh a 100-g specimen ofrecycle
37、d vulcanizate particulate rubber and place on a flatnonmagnetic surface. Pass a small horseshoe magnet over andthrough the specimen for 60 s. Remove all metal fragmentsfrom the magnet. Weigh the iron fragments in grams and recordthe mass as the percentage of free iron.7.4 Fiber content of material m
38、ay be agreed upon bysupplier and customer.7.4.1 The general fiber content of Grades 1, 4, 5, and 6should contain no more than that specified in Table 2.7.4.2 Grades 2 and 3 are prepared from tread rubber onlyand should contain no fiber.7.4.3 The method to check for fiber content is as follows:7.4.3.
39、1 Perform a normal sieve analysis procedure in accor-dance with Test Method D 5644.7.4.3.2 As the test screens are disassembled, there may befree fabric in the form of “fabric balls” which can be removedfrom each screen level.7.4.3.3 Accumulate the “fabric balls” as the screens aredisassembled.7.4.3
40、.4 Weigh the “fabric balls” in grams and record theirmass as the percentage of free fabric.7.4.3.5 The “fabric balls” may have a tendency to entrapvery small particles of rubber. It is permissible to attempt todislodge these particles by shaking the “fabric balls” ordropping them on a clean surface.
41、 Weighing the “fabric balls”with the entrapped rubber will tend to distort the fabric contentto the high side.8. Determination of the Bulk Density of RecycledVulcanizate Particulate Rubber8.1 The bulk density of recycled vulcanizate particulaterubber is determined from the mass of the particulate ru
42、bbercontained in a special cylindrical container that is exactly1000.0 6 0.1 cm3in volume.8.2 Apparatus:8.2.1 Cylindrical Container, 1000-cm3capacity, having uni-form height and no pouring lip or deformation of the walls ofthe container.8.2.2 Straightedge or Spatula, at least 150 mm in length.8.2.3
43、Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 g.8.3 Procedure:8.3.1 Obtain approximately 275 6 25 g of recycled vulca-nizate particulate rubber from the lot (see Practice E 105).8.3.2 Pour the sample into the center of the tared containerfrom a height not more than 50 mm above the rim of thecontainer.Alarge en
44、ough excess should be used to form a coneof the product above the rim of the cylindrical container.Immediately level the surface with a single sweep of thestraightedge or spatula held perpendicular to and in firmcontact with the lip of the container. Record the mass of therecycled vulcanizate partic
45、ulate rubber to the nearest gram.8.4 Calculation:8.4.1 Calculate the bulk density to the nearest 0.1 kg/m3asfollows:DB5W (1)where:DB= bulk density, kg/m3, andW = mass of recycled vulcanizate particulate rubber, g.8.5 Report:8.5.1 Report the following information:8.5.1.1 Date of test.8.5.1.2 Proper i
46、dentification of samples.8.5.1.3 Result obtained, reported to the nearest 0.1 kg/m3.8.6 Precision and Bias:8.6.1 Round-robin testing will be conducted and precisionand bias statements will be balloted for inclusion when testingis completed.TABLE 2 Properties for Recycled Rubber (Grades 16)Property P
47、ercent Test Method(a) Grades 14Acetone extractables 822 D 297, Sections 17, 18, 19Ash, max 8 D 297, Sections 34, 35,36, 37Carbon black 2638 D 297, Sections 38, 39Loss on heating, max 1 D 1509Natural rubber 1035 D 297, Sections 52, 53Rubber hydrocarbon content(RHC), min42 D 297, Section 11(b) Grades
48、16Metal content, max 0.1 see 7.3.2Fiber content, max (Grades1, 4, 5, 6)0.5 see 7.4Fiber content, max (Grades2, 3)nil see 7.4D 5603 01 (2008)39. Determination of the Density of Recycled VulcanizateParticulate Rubber39.1 Apparatus:9.1.1 Balance, with a bridge and minimum sensitivity of 0.1g.9.1.2 Two
49、Roll Laboratory Rubber Mill.9.1.3 Supporting Wire, for weighing sample.9.1.4 Hydraulic Press , with electric platens9.1.5 ASTM Tensile Mold, (Practice D 3182).9.2 Procedure:9.2.1 Mill the ground rubber sample on the two roll mill.Keep the mill tight enough to knit the ground rubber together.Layer several sheets of the sample together. Use enough sheetsto completely fill the tensile mold.9.2.2 Heat the mold with sheets at 140 6 2C for 30 6 1min at a minimum pressure of 7 MPa on the cavity area. Coolthe molded sample to 23 6 2C, and then cut a s
