1、Designation: D 5602 98 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forStatic Puncture Resistance of Roofing MembraneSpecimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers evaluation of the maximumstatic puncture load that roofing membrane samples canwiths
3、tand without allowing the passage of water.1.2 This laboratory test is conducted at any desired tempera-ture using sheet membrane samples manufactured in a factoryor prepared in a laboratory.1.3 Roof membrane specimens to which the test method isapplicable include bituminous built up, polymer-modifi
4、ed bi-tumens, vulcanized rubbers, non-vulcanized polymeric, andthermoplastic materials.1.4 This test method is not applicable to aggregate-surfacedmembrane specimens, but it is applicable to specimens havingfactory-applied granules.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.
5、 The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili
6、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 578 Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene ThermalInsulationD 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproof-ing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to T
7、erminology D 1079.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Set on a thermal insulation substrate, the roofing mem-brane test specimen is subjected for 24 h to a predeterminedstatic puncture force using a ball bearing having a 10-mm(0.39-in.) diameter.4.2 The loads are increased in 10-N (2.2-lbf) incrementsuntil
8、 puncture of the membrane specimen occurs or themaximum load of the test apparatus which is at least 250 N (56lbf) is reached.4.3 Puncture of the test specimen is assessed by visualexamination and verified by conducting a watertightness test.5. Significance and Use5.1 An important factor affecting t
9、he performance of manymembrane roofing systems is their ability to resist staticpuncture loads. This test method provides a means for assess-ing static puncture resistance.5.2 This test method can be used to compare the punctureresistance of a single type of membrane as a function of avariety of ins
10、ulation substrates or, conversely, to compare theresistance of a number of membrane specimens set on a singletype of insulation.5.3 The effect of temperature on puncture resistance can bestudied by conducting the test under controlled conditionsusing such equipment as an environmental chamber, oven,
11、 orfreezer.5.4 This test method can be useful for developing perfor-mance criteria for membrane roofing systems.5.5 This test method can be useful for developing classifi-cations of the static puncture resistance of membrane roofingsystems.5.6 While it is considered that the results obtained by this
12、laboratory test can afford a measure of the static punctureresistance of membrane roofing systems in the field providedthat service loads and temperature conditions are known, nodirect correlation has yet been established.6. Apparatus6.1 Static Puncture DeviceAn apparatus consisting pri-marily of a
13、movable rod to which a 10-mm (0.39-in.) diameterball bearing is attached at one end and a means for loading the1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.Current editi
14、on approved Jan. 1, 2006. Published January 2006. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5602 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
15、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specimen is attached to the other (Fig. 1). The rod shall besufficiently rigid so that it will not flex or rotate wh
16、en usedunder the maximum test load.NOTE 1One means for loading the specimen is to attach a platform,on which deadweights are placed, to the rod. Another method is to usepneumatic loading whereby the ball bearing is attached to the piston rodand the load is measured by an air pressure gage that has b
17、een calibratedagainst a load cell.6.1.1 The length of the rod above the specimen shall besufficient to provide adequate space for placing the specimenproperly on the insulation substrate. A framework, having aminimum width of 250 mm (9.8 in.), supports the rod perpen-dicular to the surface of the te
18、st specimen. Free verticalmovement of the rod shall not be hindered by the framework.The rod and framework shall be capable of supporting punctureloads up to at least 250 N (56 lbf).7. Sampling and Sample Preparation7.1 Single-Ply SamplesCut the test specimens directlyfrom the sheet membrane materia
19、l using the directions pro-vided in 8.1.7.2 Multi-Ply Samples Prepared in the Laboratory:7.2.1 Condition all components at 23 6 2C (74 6 3F) and50 6 5 % relative humidity for 24 6 0.25 h prior to construct-ing the membrane sample.7.2.2 Prepare multi-ply membrane samples at least 0.90 by1.20 m (3 by
20、4 ft), in accordance with the membranemanufacturers instructions, or using other preparation meth-ods at the discretion of the test laboratory. The method ofpreparation shall be described in the test report. The quantity ofmaterial in each layer of the membrane sample shall be within10 % of that spe
21、cified, and the entire sample shall be within5 %. Cut the test specimens directly from this larger membranesample using the directions provided in 8.1.8. Test Specimens8.1 DimensionsThe dimensions of the membrane testspecimens and insulation substrates are 200 by 200 mm (7.9 by7.9 in.) 65 %. Cut the
22、 test specimens and substrates to sizeusing a metal template having these dimensions.8.2 Number of SpecimensA minimum of four test speci-mens is necessary to conduct the test.8.3 Type of Membrane Specimen SubstrateThe use of anyroof insulation as a membrane specimen substrate is allowable.Unless oth
23、erwise specified, the membrane sub-strate shall beexpanded polystyrene board conforming to SpecificationC 578, Type IX, and having a thickness of 38 mm (1.5 in.)615 %. The sections used as the specimen substrate through-out the test shall be taken from the same manufactured lotwhatever insulation is
24、 used.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition the apparatus and all specimens at the se-lected test temperature for a minimum of 8 h prior to testing.The selected temperature shall be maintained at 62C (63F)throughout the test.10. Procedure10.1 LoadsThe load applied during testing shall be within61 % of that s
25、elected. The maximum load at which the test isconducted is the failure point (that is, puncture) of thespecimen, except whereby highly puncture-resistant specimensdo not fail within the capacity of the test apparatus.10.2 Screening Procedure:10.2.1 Place a membrane specimen on an insulation sub-stra
26、te. Position the assembly within the framework of thepuncture device such that the ball bearing is set on the centerof the surface of the specimen (Fig. 1). Ensure that the rod isaligned perpendicular to the specimen surface.10.2.2 Select a load, in an integral increment of 10 N (2.2lbf), somewhat b
27、elow that at which the specimen may beexpected to fail.NOTE 2Pretesting specimens under various loads is useful for esti-mating the initial load to be applied.NOTE 3The mass of the ball bearing, rod, and platform assemblymust be included in the load applied to the specimen.10.2.3 Apply the load to t
28、he specimen for 24 6 0.25 h, andthen remove the specimen from the puncture device andexamine it visually to determine whether puncture has oc-curred.NOTE 4Some specimens, particularly single-ply synthetic materials,may not remain flat on the insulation substrate when loaded. Thiscondition is allowab
29、le, and provisions do not need to be taken to hold thespecimen flat on the substrate.10.2.4 If it cannot be determined visually that the specimenhas or has not punctured, apply a suitable watertightness test.One example of a suitable test is the use of water pressure of5000 Pa (0.73 lbf/in.2) applie
30、d for 15 min to the surface of themembrane specimen that was subjected to the ball-bearingforce (Note 5). Another example is a dielectric test (Note 6). Ifthe test specimen is not watertight, repeat the procedure in10.2.3 and 10.2.4 on another test specimen using a lesser load.NOTE 5One type of wate
31、rtightness test that has been used to examinewhether membrane specimens have been punctured incorporates a watercolumn sealed to the top of the membrane specimen.Awater height of 500mm (20 in.) provides a pressure of 5000 Pa (0.73 lbf/in.2). A similar typeNOTE 1membrane test specimen; 2insulation su
32、bstrate;3movable rod; 4ball bearing; 5framework supporting the moveablerod and load; and 6load.FIG. 1 Schematic of the Static Puncture DeviceD 5602 98 (2006)2of watertightness test uses a chamber in which the membrane specimen issealed and into which water is forced at the specified pressure.NOTE 6O
33、ne dielectric test for examining whether membrane speci-mens have been punctured uses a 15 kV dielectric tester with a pointedelectrode. The test specimen is placed on a metal plate (second electrode),such that contact exists between the impacted area of the specimen and themetal plate. The size of
34、the metal plate is at least that of the specimen. A15 kV charge is applied across the specimen at the location of the appliedpuncture force by passing the pointed electrode over the impacted areawhile in contact with the specimen surface. If sparks are observed,puncture has occurred.10.2.5 Increase
35、the load by 10 N (2.2 lbf) on the samespecimen; maintain it for 24 6 0.25 h, after which the speci-men is examined again visually for puncture. If necessary,conduct the watertightness test (10.2.4) to ascertain whetherpuncture occurred.10.2.6 Repeat the steps given in 10.2.5 until puncture occursor
36、the maximum load of the test apparatus is reached.10.3 Static Puncture Resistance DeterminationConductthe test on three additional membrane specimens and newinsulation substrates in accordance with 10.2.1 using a loadthat is 10 N (2.2 lbf) less than that which caused puncture in thescreening procedu
37、re, or at the maximum load of the testapparatus. Consider the results as follows:10.3.1 If none of the three specimens is punctured at thisselected load, repeat the test, using three new specimens atincrementally higher loads, the number of times necessary untilat least one of the set of three speci
38、mens fails or the maximumload of the test apparatus is reached. Report the highest load atwhich a set of three specimens showed no failures as thepuncture resistance.10.3.2 If puncture of any one of the original set of threespecimens occurs, repeat the test, as necessary, using three newspecimens at
39、 loads reduced incrementally by 10 N (2.2 lbf).Report the puncture resistance for the greatest load that did notproduce puncture of any specimens in the set of three.10.3.3 Use a watertightness test on the three test specimens(10.2.4) for which the puncture resistance is reported to verifythat punct
40、ure did not occur.11. Report11.1 Report the following information;11.1.1 Complete identification of the roof membranesample, including type, source, manufacturer, and method ofpreparation, if made in the laboratory;11.1.2 Complete identification of the insulation substrate,including type, source, ma
41、nufacturer, density, and thickness;11.1.3 Temperature of the test;11.1.4 Description of the watertightness test used; and11.1.5 Static puncture resistance of the specimen as the loadthat three specimens can support for 24 h without allowing thepassage of water.12. Precision and Bias12.1 There is no
42、basis for statements concerning the preci-sion and bias of test results obtained from either within-laboratory or between-laboratory testing at the present time.13. Keywords13.1 insulation substrate; membranes; puncture; roofing;static; test methodASTM International takes no position respecting the
43、validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is
44、subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Head
45、quarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This sta
46、ndard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5602 98 (2006)3
