BS ISO 18910-2000 Imaging materials - Photographic film and paper - Determination of curl《成像材料 摄影胶片和相纸 卷曲测定》.pdf

1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18910:2000 ICS 37.

2、040.20 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Imaging materials Photographic film and paper Determination of curlThis British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority o

3、f the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 July 2000 BSI 07-2000 ISBN 0 580 36013 X BS ISO 18910:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 18910:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. It sup

4、ersedes BS ISO 4330:1994 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPW/42, Photography, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the inter

5、pretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards whi

6、ch implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does n

7、ot purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside

8、front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 11 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Referencenumber ISO18910:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18910 Firstedition 2000-05-15 ImagingmaterialsPhotographicfilma

9、nd paperDeterminationofcurl Matriaux pour limage Films et papiers photographiques Dtermination de lincurvationISO18910:2000(E) ii ISO18910:2000(E)iii Contents Page Foreword.iv 1 Scope1 2 Termsanddefinitions.1 3 Samplingandconditioning.3 4 TestmethodA3 5 TestmethodB4 6 TestmethodC7 7 Testreport7 Anne

10、xA(informative)NumberingsystemforrelatedInternationalStandards9 Bibliography11ISO18910:2000(E) iv Foreword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)isaworldwidefederationofnationalstandardsbodies(ISO memberbodies).TheworkofpreparingInternationalStandardsisnormallycarriedoutthroughISOtechni

11、cal committees.Eachmemberbodyinterestedinasubjectforwhichatechnicalcommitteehasbeenestablishedhas therighttoberepresentedonthatcommittee.Internationalorganizations,governmentalandnon-governmental,in liaisonwithISO,alsotakepartinthework.ISOcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalElectrotechnical Commi

12、ssion(IEC)onallmattersofelectrotechnicalstandardization. InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part3. DraftInternationalStandardsadoptedbythetechnicalcommitteesarecirculatedtothememberbodiesforvoting. PublicationasanInternationalStandardrequiresapprovalb

13、yatleast75%.ofthememberbodiescastingavote. AttentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisInternationalStandardmaybethesubjectof patentrights.ISOshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights. InternationalStandardISO18910waspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC42, Photogra

14、phy. ThisfirsteditioncancelsandreplacesthethirdeditionofISO4330:1994,ofwhichitconstitutesaminorrevision. AnnexAofthisInternationalStandardisforinformationonly.INTERNATIONALSTANDARD ISO18910:2000(E)1 ImagingmaterialsPhotographicfilmandpaper Determinationofcurl 1 Scope ThisInternationalStandardspecifi

15、esmethodsfordeterminingandquantitativelyexpressingthecurlcharacteristics ofunprocessedandprocessedphotographicfilmandpaperinsheet,rollorstripformats. Itspecifiesthreemeasuringmethods:methodAinvolvesthedeterminationofcurlwhenthespecimenisheldina verticalposition,methodsBandCwiththespecimeninahorizont

16、alposition.Thevaluesforthethreemethodsare notcomparablebecauseofthedifferencesinspecimenconfigurationandsize. Thesemethodsarenotintendedforuseindeterminingthecurlcharacteristicsofphotographicmaterialsduring processingordrying. 2 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisInternationalStandard,thefollow

17、ingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 2.1 curl departurefromphysicalflatnessandcharacterizedwithrespecttocurldirection(L,T,DorC),curlsign(+or)and curlvalue Thisflatnessdefectisevidentbyatendencyoffilmorpapertocoilintoacylindricalshape. 2.2 curldirection meansofidentifyingbyletterL,T,DorCthedirectionofcurlabo

18、utaspecificaxisofaspecimencorrespondingto thatofthesamplefromwhichitistaken SeeFigure1. NOTE L represents“lengthwisecurl“abouttheaxisperpendiculartothelengthormachinedirectionofthespecimenforrolls ortothelongerspecimendimensionforsheets;analternativeapproachwhenthemachinedirectionisnotknownis torefe

19、rencethecurldirectiontoafilmnotch,ifpresent T represents“transversecurl“abouttheaxisparalleltothelengthormachinedirectionofthespecimen D represents“diagonalcurl“aboutthediagonalofthespecimen C represents“cupping“whenallfourcornersofthespecimenareraisedandbenttowardsthecentreofthespecimen 2.3 curlsig

20、n mathematicalsign,+or,usedtoindicatethedirectionofcurlwhich,iftowardtheemulsion(sensitized)side (emulsion-in)isplus(+),oriftowardthebase(emulsion-out)isminus() NOTE Thesignisalwaysplusformaterialssensitizedonbothsurfaces.ISO18910:2000(E) 2 Key 1 Cross-machinedirectionorwidthwisedirection 2 Machined

21、irectionorlengthwisedirection 3 Transversecurl(Tcurl) 4 Longitudinalcurl(Lcurl) 5 Diagonalcurl(Dcurl) 6 Cuppingcurl(Ccurl) Figure1CurldirectionISO18910:2000(E)3 3 Samplingandconditioning 3.1 Selectionofsamples Materialintendedforcurltestsshallberepresentativeofthewholeofthesamplesbeingtested,exhibit

22、noobvious physicaldefects,behandledinthesamemannerasinactualuse,andbetreateduniformly. Whendifferentmaterialsaretobecompared,theyshallhavebeensubjectedtothesamerelative-humidityhistory forsimilartimes. Themachinedirectionshallbeindicated,ifknown,bycrayonorinkmarking. 3.2 Handlingofspecimens Prepares

23、pecimensundercontrolledrelative-humidityconditions,andthenseparatethemintogroupswhichareto besubjectedtodifferentatmosphericconditions. Wearcottonorothersuitableglovesorusepincerswhilehandlingspecimens.Moisturefromhandsorfingerswill reducetheaccuracyoftestdata.Theoperatorshalltakecarenottobreathonth

24、especimens. 3.3 Conditioningofspecimens Conditionspecimensatthechosenrelativehumidityuntilpracticalmoistureequilibriumhasbeenreached.Inmost instances,thistimewillbeabout2hforphotographicfilms,1dforphotographicfibrebasepapersand7dforRC (resincoated)papers. Atrelativehumiditiesof70%andabove,filmsandpa

25、perssometimesundergoan irreversiblechangeincurlwithtime.Forthisreason,theconditioningtimemustbestandardizedforcomparison purposes. Excessiveconditioningtimesmayresultinacurldecreaseduetorelaxationeffects. Suspendthespecimensfreelybymeansofahookorarodthroughaholeclosetothecentreofoneedge,and separate

26、enoughtopreventcontactwitheachother.Hangsquarespecimenswiththeaxisofcurlverticaltoavoid producingdistortion.Analternativemethodofsupportistoplacespecimenshorizontallyonnet-coveredorscreen- coveredracksspacedsothatthereisfreecirculationofair. 3.4 Testconditions Atemperatureof23 o C 2 o Cisspecified.R

27、elativehumiditiesof15%,30%,50%,70%and85%aresuggested butarenotmandatory.Testscanbeconductedingloveboxesorinconditionedrooms;thelatterarepreferable sincetheycanprovidebetterhumiditycontrol. Thecurlvaluemaybeinfluencedbythemoisturehistoryofthematerial.Thismaybestandardizedbyaninitial preconditioningst

28、epat50%relativehumidity. 4 TestmethodA 4.1 Fieldofapplication Thismethodisintendedmainlyforsamplesoffilmorpaperinsheetformorinrollswhichdonotshowcupping,but curlinonlytheL,TorDdirections. 4.2 Specimensize Prepareatleastthreesquarespecimens,measuringfrom50mmx50mmto100mmx100mm,fromeach sampletobeteste

29、d.Alternatively,circularspecimensmeasuringfrom50mmto100mmindiametercanbeused. Indicatethemachinedirection,ifknown.ISO18910:2000(E) 4 Foranalyticalpurposes,orforspecimensthatshowcuppingorvaryingcurlalongthelengthorwidth,specimens measuring50mmx5mmcanbeused,withthespecimencutinboththeLandTdirections.

30、4.3 Unitofcurlmeasurement Thecurlvaluesareexpressedas1/R, where R is the radius of curvature in metres. 4.4 Apparatus 4.4.1 Curl-boardtemplate,markedoffwithcurvescorrespondingtovariousvaluesofthereciprocalradius.It maybeoneofseveralformats(seeFigure2). 4.4.2 Specimenclamp,consistingoftwoverticalmemb

31、ersofwhichtheonefacingtheconcavesideofthe specimenshallbeapproximately3mminradius.Innocaseshallthisradiusexceedtheradiusofthecurled specimen. 4.5 Procedure Attheendoftheconditioningperiodandwithoutremovingthespecimensfromtheconditionedatmosphere,secure eachspecimenaboveorbelowthetemplate(4.4.1)bycla

32、mpingsothattheaxisofcurlisvertical.Atleast10mm offilmshouldbeheldwithintheclamp(4.4.2). Filmsoflowstiffnessmayrequirealargerclampedareatoavoiddroopingduetogravity. Notethecurlvalueofthecurvemostnearlycoincidingwiththecurlofthespecimen. 5 TestmethodB 5.1 Fieldofapplication Thismethodisintendedforlong

33、lengthsoffilminrollform.Itprovidesameansformeasuringcurlasitisfoundin use. Thecurlismeasuredonlyinthecross-direction.Itispurelyapracticaltypeofmeasurementandisnotintendedto distinguishthefactorsthatcausecurl. 5.2 Specimensize Testspecimensinstandardwidths,e.g.8mm,16mm,32mm,35mm,70mm,105mm,etc.Select

34、atleastthree specimensfromeachsampletobetested. Thespecimenlengthshouldbeatleastsixtimesthefilmwidth. 5.3 Apparatus 5.3.1 Suitabledepthorheightgauge,graduatedinmillimetres,capableofreadingtheedgecurloffilmstrips (seeFigure3). 5.4 Procedure Placethestripstobemeasuredonahorizontalsurfaceattheendofthec

35、onditioningperiod,withoutremoving themfromtheconditioningatmosphere.Ifnecessary,holdthestripdownateachend.ISO18910:2000(E)5 Arrangetheclamptoholdtheedgeofthefilmonalinenormaltothecurvesmakingupthemeasuringtemplate. Thesecurvesmaybecomputedasdefinedin4.3. a)TypeI b)TypeII Key 1 Transparenttemplate 2B

36、aseplate 3 Sample 4 Sampleholder 5 Verticalsupport Figure2Curl-boardtemplatesformeasuringcurlinaccordancewithtestmethodAISO18910:2000(E) 6 Figure3DevicesforreadingedgecurloffilmstripsfortestmethodB Measuretheedgecurlusingthedepthorheightgauge(5.3.1).Theprecisionrequiredwiththismethoddepends uponthef

37、ilmwidth.Asaguide,readingscanbemadetothenearest0,20mmfor35mmfilm,0,04mmfor16mm film,and0,02mmfor8mmfilm.Sensitivityfor8mmfilmisnotashighasforwiderfilm,anditisverydifficultto makereadingstoaprecisionof0,02mm. Widthwisefilmcurlcanbemeasuredeitherconcavesideuporconvexsideup,dependingonthetypeofdevice u

38、sed.AdepthgaugeandaheightgaugeareshowninuseinFigure3.ISO18910:2000(E)7 Theheightgaugeillustratedcanmeasurefilmineitherconfiguration,butdepthgaugesarelimitedtoconcave-up measurements.Suchmeasurementsmaybeconvertedtrigonometricallyintounitsofreciprocalradius Therelationshipbetweentheheightoftheedgecur

39、l(H),theradius(R)andthefilmwidth(W)isgivenbythe formula I R W RH (cos )1 90 1 wherethecosinevalueisindegrees. Forsmallcurlvalues,thiscanbeapproximatedby1/R 8H/W 2 . Makethreemeasurementsinthismanneralongthespecimenlengthandtakethearithmeticmeanasthefilmcurl. Donotmakemeasurementscloserthan100mmtothe

40、endsofthespecimen. 6 TestmethodC 6.1 Fieldofapplication Thismethodisintendedforfilmorpaper(insheetformormicrofiche).Itprovidesameansofmeasuringcurlin eitherthewidthdirectionorlengthdirectionofthesample.Thisisapracticaltypeofmeasurementandcombines theeffectsofcurlwithgravity.Thisoccurswhenphotographi

41、cmaterialisplacedonahorizontalsurface. 6.2 Specimensize Testspecimensinstandarddistributionmicroficheorsheetsizes.Selectatleastthreespecimensfromeach sampletobetested. 6.3 Procedure Placethesheetstobemeasuredconcavesideupwardonatableattheendoftheconditioningperiodandwithout removingthemfromthecondit

42、ionedatmosphere.Measurethedistancebetweeneachofthefourcornersofthe specimenandthetableinmillimetrestothenearestmillimetre. Calculatethemeanofthesefourmeasurements 1.DesignatethedirectionofcurlasL,TorD,orindicateasC 2 . NOTE Difficultycanbeexperiencedinmeasuringtheaveragecurlvalueofdistortedsamples.

43、Theresultsobtainedareinfluencedbythespecimendimensions.Resultsbetweensamplescanonlybecompared ifthespecimensizesareidentical. 7 Testreport 7.1 Testdata Thetestreportshallincludethefollowinginformation: a) referencetothisInternationalStandard; 1 Inmicroficheapplications,themaximumheightofoneoftheedge

44、smaybecriticalincausingtransportproblems. 2 Difficultycanbeexperiencedinmeasuringtheaveragecurlvalueofdistortedsamples.ISO18910:2000(E) 8 b) samplenameandnumber; c) descriptionofspecimen(thickness,typeofsubstrate,unprocessedorprocessed); d) conditioningtime,temperatureandrelativehumidity; e) testmet

45、hod(methodA,BorC); f) averagecurlvalue,curlsign,andcurldirection(length,transverse,diagonalorcupping),andprecisionofcurl value; g) positionintherollforrollsordimensionsofspecimenforsheets. 7.2 Significance ValuesobtainedbymethodsA,BandCshouldnotbecompared. Curlisverydependentuponthespecimendimension

46、sandthesedifferforeachmethod.Moreover,methodAis readverticallyandisnotaffectedbygravity.Consequently,itrepresentsameasureoftheinherentproperty. MethodsBandCarereadhorizontallyandareinfluencedbygravityandstiffness. SincemethodCisusedformaterialinsheetformwhichmayhavelargedimensions,thespecimensmaysho

47、w moredistortionthanobservedinmethodsAandB.Becauseofthesedistortionsandthepossiblelargeeffectof gravity,thecurlinmethodCmaynotassumethearcofacircleandconsequentlycurlisnotexpressedinunitsof 1/R. WhetherornotthecurlvaluesdeterminedbythisInternationalStandardareconsideredhighforagiventypeof photograph

48、icmaterialdependsontheparticularapplication. Theacceptablevaluemayalsodependonthe camera,processingmachine,printerorviewerused,aswellasonthesizeofthesampleandwhetheritisrawor processed.ISO18910:2000(E)9 AnnexA (informative) NumberingsystemforrelatedInternationalStandards Thecurrentnumberingsystemfor

49、TC42documentsdealingwiththephysicalpropertiesandstabilityofimaging materialsisconfusingsincethefivedigitnumbersthatareusedarenotinanyconsecutiveorder.Tofacilitate rememberingthenumbers,ISOhassetasideablockofnumbersfrom18900to18999andallrevisionsandnew InternationalStandardswillbegivenanumberwithinthisblock.Thelastthreedigitswillbeidenticaltothecurrent ANSI/PIMAnumbersofpublisheddocuments.ThiswillbeadvantageoustothetechnicalexpertsfromGermany, Japan,UnitedKingdomandtheUSAwhohavepreparedthestandardandwhoarefamiliarwiththeANSI/PIMA numbers. AsthepresentIn