CIE S 013 E-2003 International Standard Global Solar UV Index《国际标准 全球太阳能公司紫外线指数》.pdf

1、CIE S 013/E:2003 Standard International Standard Global Solar UV Index Indice UV Solair Global Normalis International genormter globaler solarer UV-Index CIE Standards are copyrighted and shall not be reproduced in any form, entirely or partly, without the explicit agreement of the CIE. CIE Central

2、Bureau, Vienna S 013/E:2003 Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria UDC: 612.014.481-06 Descriptor: Optical radiation effects on humans CIE S 013/E:2003 CIE 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, elec

3、tronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from CIE Central Bureau at the address below. CIE Central Bureau Kegelgasse 27 A-1030 Vienna Austria Tel.: +43 1 714 3187 0 Fax: +43 1 713 0838 18 e-mail: ciecbping.at Web: www.cie.co.at/cie II CIE, 2003 - All

4、rights reserved CIE S 013/E:2003 FOREWORD Standards produced by the Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE) are a concise documentation of data defining aspects of light and lighting, for which international harmony requires such unique definition. CIE Standards are therefore a primary source

5、of internationally accepted and agreed data, which can be taken, essentially unaltered, into universal standard systems. This CIE Standard has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 6-41*)“A Standardized UV Index“ which proposed a single Global Solar UV Index definition for international use and i

6、t was approved by the National Committees of the CIE. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD III INTRODUCTION 1 1. SCOPE 1 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES 1 3. DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 2 4. THE DEFINITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD GLOBAL SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET INDEX 2 ANNEX A: CORRELATION OF GLOBAL SOLAR U

7、V INDEX LEVELS AND HUMAN SOLAR SENSITIVITY (INFORMATIVE) 3 ANNEX B: BIBLIOGRAPHY (INFORMATIVE) 3 CIE, 2003 *)The chairperson of this TC was Elizabeth Weatherhead (USA), members were: Jean-Pierre Csarini (France), Brian Diffey (UK), Rdiger Matthes (Germany), David Sliney (USA), Stephen Wengraitis (US

8、A), and Ulf Wester (Sweden). CIE, 2003 - All rights reserved III CIE S 013/E:2003 IV CIE, 2003 - All rights reserved CIE S 013/E:2003 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD GLOBAL SOLAR UV INDEX INTRODUCTION Increasing public concern over declining ozone levels and the resultant ultraviolet (UV) radiation reaching

9、the earth has brought about a need to communicate daily information to the public in a credible and understandable manner. Several dozen countries have implemented a wide variety of UV index programs, utilizing different scales and methods of communication. This has created confusion for several yea

10、rs. A single scale for communicating UV dose rate to the public has been proposed and endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Commission (ICNI

11、RP). This scale may also be useful for communication within the scientific community. The purpose of this standard is to provide a standardized scale for the communication of UV radiation level. 1. SCOPE This International Standard establishes a quantitative index for reporting the level of harmful

12、ambient solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface of the earth to the general public. It categorizes the index according to the level of exposure. 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard.

13、At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of CIE, the Internationa

14、l Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International Standardization Organization (ISO) maintain registers of currently valid international standards. ISO 17166:1999/CIE S 007/E-1998: Erythema Reference Action Spectrum and Standard Erythema Dose CIE 17.4-1987 / IEC 50(845): International Lighti

15、ng Vocabulary CIE 138/4-2000: A Proposed Global UV Index CIE, 2003 - All rights reserved 1 CIE S 013/E:2003 3. DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions, symbols and abbreviations apply. erythema action spectrum (ser() Spectral dependence of

16、the ability of UV radiation to produce just-perceptible erythema in human skin. Note: It is usual to tabulate and plot the ser() normalized to its maximum. See ISO 17166:1999/CIE S 007/E-1998. erythemal effective irradiance (Eer) Quantity defined by the equation d)(ersEEer=where Eis the spectral irr

17、adiance in Wm-2nm-1 and ser() is the erythema action spectrum normalized to its maximum.See ISO 17166:1999/CIE S 007/E-1998. erythemal effective radiant exposure (Her), also called the effective dose or erythemal dose The time integral of erythemal effective irradiance defined by the equation = tsEH

18、 dd)(ererwhere E is the spectral irradiance in Wm-2nm-1and ser() is the erythema action spectrum. See ISO 17166:1999/CIE S 007/E-1998. standard erythema dose (SED) Standardised measure of erythemogenic UV radiation, 1 SED is equivalent to an erythemal effective radiant exposure of 100 Jm-2. See ISO

19、17166:1999/CIE S 007/E-1998. ultraviolet radiation (UVR) Optical radiation in the 100 nm to 400 nm wavelength range. See ILV 845-01-05. 4. THE DEFINITION OF THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD GLOBAL SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET INDEX The recommended standard definition for the Global Solar UV Index follows as: A quant

20、ity developed for the public domain, which quantifies the exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation. The International Standard Global Solar UV Index (IUV) is a unitless quantity defined by the formula: ()=400nmnm250ererUVdk sEI where Eis the solar spectral irradiance expressed in Wm-2nm-1at wav

21、elength . ser() is the erythema action spectrum developed by CIE and keris a constant equal to 40 m2/W. IUVshould be presented as a single value rounded to the nearest whole number. For clarity, the following assumptions will be made regarding International Global Solar UV index information, unless

22、otherwise noted: The standard Global Solar UV Index level is a measure of the UV radiation reaching a horizontal surface. While this measure may underestimate the effects of ambient UV at near polar latitudes, particularly in high albedo conditions, this stipulation is necessary for clarity. The sta

23、ndard Global Solar UV Index is the best estimate of the UV level given a realistic atmosphere: clouds, pollutants, etc. are included in any prediction. If only a single Global Solar UV Index value is presented in a report to the public, it refers to the maximum level of the day averaged over one hou

24、r. 2 CIE, 2003 - All rights reserved CIE S 013/E:2003 ANNEX A: CORRELATION OF GLOBAL SOLAR UV INDEX LEVELS AND HUMAN SOLAR SENSITIVITY (INFORMATIVE) A consensus of specialists has proposed a classification for human skin sensitivity to UV short term and long-term effects. Melano-compromised populati

25、on: always burn, unable to build a natural photoprotection for one-hour sun exposure (Global Solar UV Index 6 and above), 85-90% of registered skin cancers. Melano-competent population: burn, then able to build a natural photoprotection (adapted) for one-hour sun exposure (under Global Solar UV Inde

26、x 9), 10-15% of registered skin cancers. Melano-protected population: no burn, able to build a natural photoprotection (adapted) for one-hour sun exposure (under Global Solar UV Index 14), 1% of registered skin cancers. Adapted population: The skin has been previously regularly exposed to solar radi

27、ation and has built variable self protection. Global Solar UV Index ERYTHEMALLY EFFECTIVE GLOBAL UV IRRADIANCE (CIE ERYTHEMAL WEIGHTING) OBSERVATION OF A SUBSTANTIAL ERYTHEMA AFTER ONE HOUR OF SOLAR EXPOSURE FOR DIFFERENT HUMAN SKIN PIGMENTATIONS AND ADAPTATION CAPACITIES W/m2SED/h 1 0,025 0,90 2 0,

28、050 1,80 NO BURN FOR 1 HOUR EXPOSURE 3 0,075 2,70 4 0,100 3,60 5 0,125 4,50 MELANO-COMPROMISED: BURN FOR 1 HOUR EXPOSURE 6 0,150 5,40 7 0,175 6,30 8 0,200 7,20 MELANO-COMPROMISED ADAPTED : BURN FOR 1 HOUR EXPOSURE MELANO-COMPETENT : BURN FOR 1 HOUR EXPOSURE 9 0,225 8,10 10 0,250 9,00 11 0,275 9,90 M

29、ELANO-COMPETENT ADAPTED : BURN FOR 1 HOUR EXPOSURE SOME MELANO-PROTECTED : BURN FOR 1 HOUR EXPOSURE 12 0,300 10,80 13 0,325 11,70 14 0,350 12,60 MELANO-PROTECTED : BURN FOR 1 HOUR EXPOSURE MELANO-PROTECTED ADAPTED : NO BURN FOR 1 HOUR EXPOSURE 15 0,375 13,50 16 0,400 14,40 17 0,425 15,30 18 0,450 16

30、,20 19 0,475 17,10 20 0,500 18,00 MELANO-PROTECTED ADAPTED : MAY BURN FOR 1 HOUR EXPOSURE ANNEX B: BIBLIOGRAPHY (INFORMATIVE) 1. AMBLAD, P. et al. Statistical study of individual variations in sunburn sensitivity in 303 volunteers without photodermatosis. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 274, 195-206, 1982. 2.

31、AMS. Ultraviolet index forecasts issued by the national weather service. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(4), 729-748, April 1996. CIE, 2003 - All rights reserved 3 CIE S 013/E:2003 3. DIFFEY, B.L. The standard erythema dose: a new photobiological concept. Photoderm. Photoimmunol.

32、 Photomed., 13, 64-66, 1997. 4. ICNIRP / Technical Report 1/95 Joint Recommendation. Global solar UV index, 1995. 5. MCKENZIE, R.L. Ozone depletion and UV radiation: A health risk to New Zealanders?. The New Zealand Public Health Report, 3, 75-77, 1996. 6. MCKENZIE, R.L. UV and ozone: An update. NIW

33、A Water and Atmosphere, 4, 7-8, 1996. 7. MCKENZIE, R.L., BODEKER, G.E., KEEP, D.J, KOTKAMP, EVANS, J.H. UV radiation in New Zealand: Measured North to South differences, and relationship to other latitudes. Weather and Climate, 16, 17-26, 1996. 8. MCKINLAY, A.F., DIFFEY, B.L. A reference action spec

34、trum for ultraviolet induced erythema in human skin. CIE Journal, 6, 17-22, 1987. 9. PARRISH, J.A., JAENICKE, K.F., ANDERSON R.R. Erythema and melanogenesis action spectrum of normal human skin. Photochem. Photobiol., 36, 187-191, 1982. 10. ROY, C.R., GIES H.P. Protective measures against solar UV e

35、xposures. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 72, 231-240, 1997. 11. ROY, C.R., GIES, H.P. Personal protection against solar ultraviolet radiation. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Environmental UV Radiation and Health Effects. Munich, Germany, May 4-6, 173-183, 1993. 12. ROY, C.R., GIES,

36、H.P. Measurements of solar radiation in the Southern Hemisphere. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Environmental UV Radiation and Health Effects. Munich, Germany, May 4-6, 71-78, 1993. 13. US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine / Technical Guide 270. Public educatio

37、n programs on UV hazards. 2001. 14. WESTER, U. UV monitoring in Sweden: Past, present and future. In: Measurement and Trends of Terrestrial UVB Radiation in Europe (B. Diffey, ed.), 103-110. OEMF s.p.a., Milano, 1996. 15. WESTER, U. UV-index and influence of action spectrum and surface inclination.

38、Meeting of Experts on Standardization of UV Indices and their Dissemination to the Public. Les Diablerets, Switzerland, 21-24 July 1997, WMO-WHO-ICNIRP. 16. WHO. Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide. 2002. 17. WMO / Technical Report 95, (World Meteorological Organization). Report of the WMO meet

39、ing of experts on UV-B measurements, data quality and standardization of UV indices, Global Atmospheric Watch Program, 1994. Copies of CIE Publications are available from the National Committees of most CIE member countries. Purchasers in other countries may obtain them from the CIE Central Bureau, Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Wien, Austria. CIE Central Bureau Kegelgasse 27 A-1030 Vienna Austria Tel.: +43 1 714 3187 0 Fax: +43 1 714 3187 18 e-mail: ciecbping.at WWW: http:/www.cie.co.at/ 4 CIE, 2003 - All rights reserved