CIE S 019 E-2006 Photocarcinogenesis Action Spectrum (Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers) ((E))《光致癌作用光谱(非黑素瘤皮肤癌)(E)[替代 CIE S 016 E]》.pdf

1、 Reference numberISO 28077:2006(E)CIE S 019/E:2006ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO28077CIE S 019/EFirst edition2006-12-15Photocarcinogenesis action spectrum (non-melanoma skin cancers) Spectre daction de la photocancrogense (cancers de la peau hors mlanome) ISO 28077:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PD

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6、 ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedISO 28077:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Stan

7、dardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right

8、 to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. ISO 28077 was p

9、repared as Standard CIE S 019/E by the International Commission on Illumination, which has been recognized by the ISO Council as an international standardizing body. It was adopted by ISO under a special procedure which requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodes casting a vote, and is pu

10、blished as a joint ISO/CIE edition. The International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated as CIE from its French title) is an organization devoted to international cooperation and exchange of information among its member countries on all matters relating to the science and art of lighting. ISO 2

11、8077 was prepared by CIE Technical Committee TC 6-32. CIE S 019/E:2006 Standard Photocarcinogenesis Action Spectrum (Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers) Spectre daction de la photocancrogense (cancers de la peau hors mlanome) Aktionsspektrum fr Photokarzinogenese (epitheliale Hautkrebse) CIE Standards are co

12、pyrighted and shall not be reproduced in any form, entirely or partly, without the explicit agreement of the CIE. CIE Central Bureau, Vienna CIE S 019/E:2006 Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, Austria UDC: 612.014.481-06 Descriptor: Optical radiation effects on humans CIE 2006 All rights reserved ISO 200

13、6 All rights reserved vISO 28077:2006(E) CIE S 019/E:2006 CIE 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing fro

14、m CIE Central Bureau at the address below. CIE Central Bureau Kegelgasse 27 A-1030 Vienna Austria Tel.: +43 1 714 3187 0 Fax: +43 1 714 3187 18 e-mail: ciecbping.at Web: www.cie.co.at CIE 2006 All rights reserved ISO 2006 All rights reservedvi ISO 28077:2006(E) CIE S 019/E:2006 FOREWORD Standards pr

15、oduced by the Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE) are a concise documentation of data defining aspects of light and lighting, for which international harmony requires such unique definition. CIE Standards are therefore a primary source of internationally accepted and agreed data, which can

16、 be taken, essentially unaltered, into universal standard systems. This CIE Standard has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee TC 6-32*, which proposed an action spectrum describing the effectiveness of ultraviolet radiation at causing photocarcinogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancers, and was app

17、roved by the National Committees of the CIE. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. SCOPE .1 3. NORMATIVE REFERENCES.1 4. DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS.1 4.1 Definition .1 4.2 Symbols and abbreviations.2 5. THE ACTION SPECTRUM FOR PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS OF NON-MELANOMA SKIN CANCE

18、RS.2 6. ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE): BIBLIOGRAPHY.7 CIE 2006 * The chairperson of this TC was Paul Donald Forbes (US); members were: Janusz Beer (US), Homer Black (US), Jean-Pierre Csarini (FR), Curtis Cole (US), Frank DeGruijl (NL), John Epstein (US), Anny Fourtanier (FR), Adle Green (AU), Ronald Ley (US

19、), Romano Mascotto (FR), Warwick Morison (US), Robert Osterberg (US), Frederick Urbach (US) =, Jan van der Leun (NL), and Antony Young (GB), with the following committee advisors: Ronald Davies (CA), John Davitt (US), Thomas Koval (US) and David Sliney (US). CIE 2006 All rights reserved ISO 2006 All

20、 rights reserved viiISO 28077:2006(E) CIE S 019/E:2006 PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS ACTION SPECTRUM (NON-MELANOMA SKIN CANCERS) 1. INTRODUCTION Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is recognized as a major cause of non-melanoma skin cancer in man. Skin cancer occurs most frequently in the most heavily exposed a

21、reas and correlates with degree of outdoor exposure. Describing the relationship of exposure (dose) to risk (skin cancer) requires the availability of a biological hazard function or action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis. This standard proposes the adoption of an action spectrum (weighting functio

22、n) derived from experimental laboratory data and modified to estimate the non-melanoma tumor response in human skin. The experimental data are sufficient for estimating effectiveness down to about 250 nm, but experimental data are not sufficient for specifying effectiveness above 400 nm. 2. SCOPE Th

23、is International Standard specifies the action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancers. 3. NORMATIVE REFERENCES The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated reference

24、s, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CIE 17.4-1987. International Lighting Vocabulary, ILV (joint IEC/CIE publication). CIE 90-1991. Sunscreen testing (UVB). CIE 98-1992. Personal dosimetry of UV radiation. CIE 103/3-1993. Reference action spectra for

25、ultraviolet induced erythema and pigmentation of different human skin (CIE Collection in Photobiology and Photochemistry). ISO 17166:1999/CIE S 007/E-1998. Erythema reference action spectrum and standard erythema dose. 4. DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS For the purposes of this standard, the

26、following definition, symbols and abbreviations apply. This definition is taken from CIE 17.4-1987, where other relevant terms will also be found. 4.1 Definition ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (see ILV 845-01-05) optical radiation for which the wavelengths are shorter than those for visible radiation N

27、ote - For ultraviolet radiation, the range between 100 nm and 400 nm is commonly subdivided into: UV-A 315 . 400 nm UV-B 280 . 315 nm UV-C 100 . 280 nm CIE 2006 All rights reserved ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1ISO 28077:2006(E) CIE S 019/E:2006 4.2 Symbols and abbreviations SCUP Skin Cancer Utrecht

28、Philadelphia (an action spectrum proposed in de Gruijl, F.R. and van der Leun, J.C., 1994) SCUP-m designates the original SCUP action spectrum, based entirely on mouse data SCUP-h designates a proposed action spectrum estimated by correcting for differences in UV transmissions between human and mur

29、ine epidermis UV-A1 340 400 nm UV-A2 315 340 nm 5. THE ACTION SPECTRUM FOR PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS OF NON-MELANOMA SKIN CANCERS The effectiveness of UVR at causing photocarcinogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancers has been studied for many years (Roffo, 1933; Blum 1959; Freeman, 1978; Forbes et al., 1981

30、 1982; Cole et al., 1983; Rundell, 1983; Epstein, 1985; Cole et al., 1986; Freeman et al., 1989; Berg et al., 1993; de Gruijl et al., 1993; de Gruijl and van der Leun, 1994; Anders et al., 1995; de Gruijl and Forbes, 1995; CIE, 2000). The action spectrum defined in this standard was first published

31、 by the CIE as the product of research by CIE Technical Committee 6-32. The document stated the following recognized limitations to this action spectrum (CIE, 2000): “The UV-A1 part (340-400 nm) of the SCUP action spectra has large margins of uncertainty (from 10-20% at 340 nm to an order of magnitu

32、de at 390 nm); the minimum at 350 nm and especially the secondary maximum at 380 nm are not well defined. Recent biochemical data do, however, indicate that action spectra for some types of DNA damage from reactive oxygen species, such as released by UV-A, show a minimum around 350 nm. Exploiting th

33、is as yet ill-defined fine structure in the UV-A1 region of the SCUP-h action spectrum (e.g., for optimizing commercial tanning lamps) would be unjustified. Because the Committee report should provide a standard for risk assessment in regulatory applications, its recommendation eliminates the uncert

34、ainty associated with the fine structure of the SCUP-h action spectrum. Committee consensus involved flattening the plateau at the 340 nm level. Mathematically, this results in the least available deterioration of the curve fit to the actual experimental data (the Chi-square of the fit goes up from

35、13,7 to 18,2 with 7 degrees of freedom).“1The action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis is based principally on experimental data from mice; comparable data are obviously not available from humans. The limits of this extrapolation are yet to be determined. Based on all these considerations, a standard

36、 action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis is provided in Table 1 and shown in Fig. 1. 1An action spectrum based on the Utrecht-Philadelphia collaboration bears the acronym “SCUP“ (for Skin Cancer Utrecht Philadelphia). “SCUP-m“ is the best fit to the mouse data, using a computer polynomial program. B

37、ased on SCUP-m, a SCUP-h action spectrum (“-h“ for human) was estimated by correcting for differences in UV transmissions between human and murine epidermis (de Gruijl, 1999). CIE 2006 All rights reserved ISO 2006 All rights reserved2 ISO 28077:2006(E) CIE S 019/E:2006 TABULATED AND GRAPHIC VALUES T

38、able 1. Action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis (Non-Melanoma skin cancer). Wavelength nm Effectiveness (decimal) Effectiveness (exponential) 250 0,010900 1,09000E-02 251 0,011139 1,11390E-02252 0,011383 1,13830E-02253 0,011633 1,16330E-02 254 0,011888 1,18880E-02255 0,012158 1,21580E-02256 0,012435

39、 1,24350E-02 257 0,012718 1,27180E-02258 0,013007 1,30070E-02259 0,013303 1,33030E-02 260 0,013605 1,36050E-02261 0,013915 1,39150E-02262 0,014231 1,42310E-02 263 0,014555 1,45550E-02264 0,014886 1,48860E-02265 0,015225 1,52250E-02 266 0,015571 1,55710E-02267 0,015925 1,59250E-02268 0,016287 1,62870

40、E-02 269 0,016658 1,66580E-02270 0,017037 1,70370E-02271 0,017424 1,74240E-02 272 0,017821 1,78210E-02273 0,018226 1,82260E-02274 0,018641 1,86410E-02 275 0,019065 1,90650E-02276 0,019498 1,94980E-02277 0,019942 1,99420E-02 278 0,020395 2,03950E-02279 0,020859 2,08590E-02280 0,021334 2,13340E-02 281

41、 0,025368 2,53680E-02282 0,030166 3,01660E-02283 0,035871 3,58710E-02 284 0,057388 5,73880E-02285 0,088044 8,80440E-02286 0,129670 1,29670E-01 287 0,183618 1,83618E-01288 0,250586 2,50586E-01289 0,330048 3,30048E-01 290 0,420338 4,20338E-01291 0,514138 5,14138E-01292 0,609954 6,09954E-01 293 0,70314

42、0 7,03140E-01 CIE 2006 All rights reserved ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3ISO 28077:2006(E) CIE S 019/E:2006 CIE 2006 All rights reserved ISO 2006 All rights reserved4ISO 28077:2006(E) CIE S 019/E:2006 Wavelength nm Effectiveness (decimal) Effectiveness (exponential) 294 0,788659 7,88659E-01 295 0,86

43、1948 8,61948E-01296 0,919650 9,19650E-01297 0,958965 9,58965E-01 298 0,988917 9,88917E-01299 1,000000 1,00000E+00300 0,991996 9,91996E-01 301 0,967660 9,67660E-01302 0,929095 9,29095E-01303 0,798410 7,98410E-01 304 0,677339 6,77339E-01305 0,567466 5,67466E-01306 0,470257 4,70257E-01 307 0,385911 3,8

44、5911E-01308 0,313889 3,13889E-01309 0,253391 2,53391E-01 310 0,203182 2,03182E-01311 0,162032 1,62032E-01312 0,128671 1,28671E-01 313 0,101794 1,01794E-01314 0,079247 7,92470E-02315 0,061659 6,16590E-02 316 0,047902 4,79020E-02317 0,037223 3,72230E-02318 0,028934 2,89340E-02 319 0,022529 2,25290E-02

45、320 0,017584 1,75840E-02321 0,013758 1,37580E-02 322 0,010804 1,08040E-02323 0,008525 8,52500E-03324 0,006756 6,75600E-03 325 0,005385 5,38500E-03326 0,004316 4,31600E-03327 0,003483 3,48300E-03 328 0,002830 2,83000E-03329 0,002316 2,31600E-03330 0,001911 1,91100E-03 331 0,001590 1,59000E-03332 0,00

46、1333 1,33300E-03333 0,001129 1,12900E-03 334 0,000964 9,64000E-04335 0,000810 8,10000E-04336 0,000688 6,88000E-04 337 0,000589 5,89000E-04338 0,000510 5,10000E-04339 0,000446 4,46000E-04 340 0,000394 3,94000E-04 CIE 2006 All rights reserved ISO 2006 All rights reserved 5ISO 28077:2006(E) CIE S 019/E

47、2006 Wavelength nm Effectiveness (decimal) Effectiveness (exponential) 341 0,000394 3,94000E-04 342 0,000394 3,94000E-04343 0,000394 3,94000E-04344 0,000394 3,94000E-04 345 0,000394 3,94000E-04346 0,000394 3,94000E-04347 0,000394 3,94000E-04 348 0,000394 3,94000E-04349 0,000394 3,94000E-04350 0,000

48、394 3,94000E-04 351 0,000394 3,94000E-04352 0,000394 3,94000E-04353 0,000394 3,94000E-04 354 0,000394 3,94000E-04355 0,000394 3,94000E-04356 0,000394 3,94000E-04 357 0,000394 3,94000E-04358 0,000394 3,94000E-04359 0,000394 3,94000E-04 360 0,000394 3,94000E-04361 0,000394 3,94000E-04362 0,000394 3,94

49、000E-04 363 0,000394 3,94000E-04364 0,000394 3,94000E-04365 0,000394 3,94000E-04 366 0,000394 3,94000E-04367 0,000394 3,94000E-04368 0,000394 3,94000E-04 369 0,000394 3,94000E-04370 0,000394 3,94000E-04371 0,000394 3,94000E-04 372 0,000394 3,94000E-04373 0,000394 3,94000E-04374 0,000394 3,94000E-04 375 0,000394 3,94000E-04376 0,000394 3,94000E-04377 0,000394 3,94000E-04 378 0,000394 3,94000E-04379 0,000394 3,94000E-04380 0,000394 3,94000E-04 381 0,000394 3,94000E-04382 0,000394 3,940