CR 14311-2002 Packaging - Marking and material identification system《包装 标志和材料识别系统》.pdf

1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CR 14311:2002 Packaging Marking and material identification system ICS 55.020 PD CR 14311:2002 This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 17 May 2004 BSI 17 May 2004 ISBN 0 580 43778 7 National foreword This Publi

2、shed Document is the official English language version of CR 14311:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/4, Packaging and the environment, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on reques

3、t to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Ele

4、ctronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European development

5、s and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CR title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd.

6、No. Date CommentsCENREPORT RAPPORTCEN CENBERICHT CR14311 April2002 ICS Englishversion PackagingMarkingandmaterialidentificationsystem ThisCENReportwasapprovedbyCENon16June2001.IthasbeendrawnupbytheTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC261. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Den

7、mark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allright

8、sofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.CR14311:2002ECR14311:2002(E) 2 Contents Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Discussionoflegislativerequirements .5 2.1 General5 2.2 Markingofpackaging 5 2.3 Identificationofpackagingmaterial 5 2.4 Othermarkings .6

9、 3 Criteriaformarking 6 3.1 Generalprinciples 6 3.2 Opportunitiesforharmonisation. .6 3.3 Applicationofmarking 7 3.4 Identificationofmaterial .7 4 Conclusion7 AnnexA (informative) Materialidentification . 8 Bibliography 9CR14311:2002(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN14311:2002)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnical

10、CommitteeCEN/TC261,“Packaging“,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropean FreeTradeAssociation,andrelatestoarticles8and10oftheEUDirective94/62/EC(Bibliography).CR14311:2002(E) 4 Introduction Thepurposeofspecificallymar

11、kingpackagingandidentifyingmaterialswouldbetoconveyinformationtothosein thepackagingchain(fromrawmaterialmanufacturersthroughconverters,packer/fillerstoretailers),toendusers (includingconsumers)ofthepackedproductsandtothoseinthewastemanagementindustryconcernedwith packagingwaste. AproposalforaDirect

12、iveonthesubjectofmarking(bibliography)andadecisionrelatingtoidentificationsystem (bibliography)havebeenissuedbothofwhichsupporttheDirective94/62/EC.Thepurposeofthisreportisto considerthesesupportingdocumentsrequiredbyarticle8oftheDirective(94/62/EC)andtoinvestigatehowthey relatetotherequirementinart

13、icle10forthepreparationofEuropeanstandardsrelatingto“criteriaforthemarking ofpackaging“.ThisstudyhasbeenbasedonworkcarriedoutoverseveralyearsinTC261andparticularlyits workinggroupSC4/WG1andthevariouspositionsestablishedbythatworkinggroup,(bibliography).CR14311:2002(E) 5 1Scope ThisCENreportexaminest

14、hemarkingofpackagingandtheidentificationofpackagingmaterialasdescribedin article8ofthepackagingandpackagingwasteDirective94/62/EC,thesupportingDecisionandtheproposalfora DirectiveonMarkingandmakesrecommendationsbasedonarticle10ofthatDirective94/62/EC. 2 Discussionoflegislativerequirements 2.1General

15、 Article8oftheDirective94/62/ECdrawsadistinctionbetweenthe“markingofpackaging“andthe“identification (of)thenatureofpackagingmaterial(s)used“. Thissectionofthereportwilldealwiththeissuesseparatelyintermsofthelegislationbeingenacted. 2.2 Markingofpackaging TheproposedDirectiveonmarkingdoesnotcontainar

16、equirementforaCEmarktoindicatethatpackagingplaced onthemarketmeetstheessentialrequirementsoftheDirective94/62/EC.Thereasonsgivenforthisarefully endorsed. GiventhesoundreasonsfornotrequiringaCEmark,theEuropeanCommissioncouldhaveproposedthatno markingconcerningessentialrequirementswasnecessary.Ithasho

17、weverdecidedtosingleouttwoaspectsofthe essentialrequirements,“Reusablepackaging“and“Recyclablepackaging“onthebasisoftheDirectivestatement “untilscientificandtechnicalprogressismadereuseandrecyclingshouldbeconsideredpreferableintermsof environmentalimpact“.Howeverthis8 th “whereas“clauseintheDirectiv

18、e94/62/ECcontinueswithastatement that,“lifecycleassessmentsshouldbecompletedassoonaspossibletojustifyaclearhierarchybetween reusable,recyclableandrecoverablepackaging“TC261pointsoutthatscientificstudiesnowavailableshowthat thereisnoclearhierarchybetweenreusable,recyclableandrecoverableofpackagingunl

19、essunderveryspecific localconditions. Inadditiontheapparentprioritisationofreusabilityandrecyclabilityandthedirectlinkoftheseaspectswithamark foressentialrequirementsappearsinconsistentThistexttakesintoaccountonlytwoessentialrequirements; packagingputonthemarkethastocomplywithallessentialrequirement

20、sdefinedbytheDirective94/62/EC includingAnnexII. Theconsequenceofthisdecisionisthattheabsenceofamarkonaparticularpackaging,forexampleapackaging recoverablebyenergy,couldbeinterpretedasmeaningthatsuchpackagingfailedtomeettheessential requirementsasgivenintheDirective94/62/ECincludingAnnexII. Addition

21、allythesymbolschosentorepresentthetwoaspectsarebothnew,wouldhavenocurrentconsumer recognitionandarenotconsideredhelpfultoreachtheaimsofdirective94/62/EC. EvenwithawidespreadinformationdirectedattheconsumerTC261suggeststhatitwouldbeaverylongtime beforeaconsumerwouldrecognisethesymbolsandunderstandthe

22、irprecisemeaning. Itappearsthatfortheconsumertherewillbeconfusionbetweenmarkingandmaterialidentification.Thenew markingdoesnotavoidthisconfusion. 2.3 Identificationofpackagingmaterial TheCommissionDecision(bibliography)setsoutnumbersandabbreviationsforpackagingmaterials.Withthe exceptionofthoseforpl

23、astics,thesehavenotbeeninusepreviouslyandtheirwidespreaduseorcomprehension byendusersishardtoenvisage.Specificsectorsofthepackagingindustryhavealreadydevelopedsimilar materialidentificationsystemsincludingsymbolswhichhavewidespreadrecognition.InpreviousworkCENhas proposedthecontinuinguseofthesesymbo

24、lsandwillcontinuetoadvocatetheiruseformaterialidentification purposesalongsidethesystemgivenintheDecision(seebibliography).CR14311:2002(E) 6 2.4Other markings a)Recycled content TheexplanatorymemorandumtotheproposedDirectiveonmarking(bibliography)setsoutthereasonswhythe markingofrecycledcontentisnot

25、tobeintroduced.ThisdecisionisfullyendorsedandCENReportCR13504 (bibliography)amplifiesthereasonswhyindicationofrecycledcontentisnotausefulconceptinenvironmental termsandcouldbemisleadingparticularlyforconsumers. b) ISOworkonenvironmentallabelling The“MbiusLoop“istheonesymbolwidelyrecognisedbyconsumer

26、sashavingenvironmentalsignificance.The reasonstheCommissiondidnotchoosetouseexistingsymbolsaregivenintheexplanatorymemorandumtothe proposalonmarking.StandardisationworkinISO(TC207/SC3Environmentallabelling)onthistopichasnow beencompletedwiththepublicationofISO14021whichmakestheMbiusLoopavailableforp

27、ublicusageasthe symbolforaproduct,packaging,orassociatedcomponentwhichisrecyclable.TheStandardalsomakesthe MbiusLoopavailableasasymbolforRecycledContentwhenaccompaniedbyapercentagevaluebutas explainedinClause2.4(a)thisisnotconsideredtobeausefulmarkingforpackaging. ISO14021alsoincludesstatements(sect

28、ion3.1.9note1)thatamaterialidentificationsymbolisnotconsideredto beanenvironmentalclaim. 3 Criteriaformarking 3.1 Generalprinciples TheuseofsymbolstoindicateconformancewithvariousrequirementsdescribedinAnnexIIoftheDirective 94/62/EChasbeenproposedincludingenergyrecoveryandcomposting.Howeverdemonstra

29、tingconformance withtheessentialrequirementsoftheDirective94/62/ECdoesnotjustinvolvereuseandrecoverysinceother strategiessuchassourcereductionmaybeinvolved.Giventhevarietyofroutesbywhichconformancewiththe essentialrequirementswillbedemonstratedandthewiderangeofuseandpostusestrategiesacrossMember Sta

30、tesoftheEuropeanUnion,such“singlestrategy“markingisseenasimpartinglittleusefulinformationtoend usersandwouldgenerallybemisleading. Atthepointswherepackagingismanufacturedandpackedorfilleditsfinaldestinationandtheappropriate recoveryoptionscannotbedetermined.Amarkingforaparticularstrategyisnoguarante

31、ethatparticularstrategy willbecarriedout.Onlyatthefinaldestinationwillthelocalwastemanagementinfrastructuredeterminethe recoverystrategy.Evenatthisstagethisformofmarkingwillnotbeofassistancesinceitisnotusedbythewaste managementindustryasanyformofaidtosorting. Packagingcanalreadycarrymanymarkingsgene

32、rallyrelatingtotheproductitcontainsandusuallyofastatutory nature.Furthermarkingmayleadtoincreasedconsumerconfusionovermarkingsincludingthosealreadyinuse.It shouldalsobeusersincludingconsumers.AnnexAshowstheconsequenceofapplyingthesymbolsgiveninthe Commissionproposalonmarking(bibliography)inadditiont

33、oalltheothermarksalreadyrequired.Consumer confusionisconsideredtobetheinevitableoutcomeofthisapproach. 3.2 Opportunitiesforharmonisation Clause3.1,hasestablishedthatthereisnoopportunityforthemarkingofpackagingrelatedtoessential requirementsasenvisagedbyproposedmarkingdirective(bibliography)inaharmon

34、isedsystemacrossthe MemberStates.Standardsworkisforthepurposesofharmonisation.Thereforetheconclusionisthatthereisno needforsymbolsrelatingtospecificaspectsoftheessentialrequirementsandhencenoneedforCENstandards relatingtothisaspectofmarking.CR14311:2002(E) 7 3.3 Applicationofmarking Paragraph3ofarti

35、cle8oftheDirective94/62/ECincludestherequirementthatmarking“shallbeappropriately durableandlasting,includingwhenthepackagingisopened“.ConsiderationwasgiventowhetheraCENstandard shouldbewrittentoelaboratetheserequirements,forinstancewithrespecttosize,colourandplacementofany requiredmarkings.Following

36、areviewoftherequirementsrelatingtothestatutorylabellingofproductsitwas concludedthatnofurtherelaborationoftherequirementsgiveninparagraph3isnecessary. 3.4 Identificationofmaterial Theissuesdiscussedinclauses3.1and2relatetospecificconformanceaspectsandtolocaloperatingconditions andstrategies.Howevert

37、heissuesrelatingtoidentificationofmaterialareglobalsincethenatureofthematerials isindependentoftheirparticularusage.Thisreportadvocatesthecontinuinguseofthewellestablishedgraphic symbolsformaterialidentificationinparallelifappropriatewiththoseintheCommissionDecision(bibliography). Therelevantsymbols

38、areshowninAnnexA.Itshouldbeemphasisedthatthesegraphicsymbolshaveno implicationofrecyclability/recoverabilityandarepurelygraphicrepresentationsofmaterialtype.Howevergiven theirwidespreadapplication,theydoofcourserepresentauniversalopportunityfor“presorting“orsortingof materialspriortorecyclingoperati

39、onswhenthisisappropriate.AnnexAshowstheappearanceofthemarkingas proposedbythisreport. 4Conclusion a) Thisreportproposesthatthesystemofmaterialidentificationforspecificmaterialsusingwidelyknown symbolsiscontinuedinparallelwiththevoluntarysystemdescribedbythedecision(bibliography). b) Thisreportconclu

40、desthatnoCENstandardsarerequiredrelatedtomarkingofpackagingwithrespectto essentialrequirements.CR14311:2002(E) 8 Annex A (informative) Materialidentification Aluminium Steel Glass SpecificmaterialIdentification isnotrequired PaperandBoard SpecificmaterialIdentification isnotrequired Plastic Composit

41、es Tobelinkedtothedominant material Sequencesof numbers 01 02 19 Typesofplastic material PET PEHD XCR14311:2002(E) 9 Bibliography 1 Directive94/62/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilonPackagingandPackagingWaste December1994. 2 ProposalforaEuropeanParliamentandCouncilDirectiveonmarkingofpackagin

42、gandonthe establishmentofaconformityassessmentprocedureforpackagingNovember1996. 3 CommissionDecisionestablishingtheidentificationsystemforpackagingmaterialspursuanttoEuropean ParliamentandCouncilDirective94/62/EConPackagingandPackagingWasteJanuary1977. 4 CENReportCR13504,PackagingMaterialrecoveryCr

43、iteriaforaminimumcontentofrecycled material. 5ISO 14021 EnvironmentallabelsanddeclarationsSelfdeclaredenvironmentalclaims(TypeII environmentallabelling).PD CR 14311:2002 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standa