1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CR 14311:2002 Packaging Marking and material identification system ICS 55.020 PD CR 14311:2002 This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 17 May 2004 BSI 17 May 2004 ISBN 0 580 43778 7 National foreword This Publi
2、shed Document is the official English language version of CR 14311:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/4, Packaging and the environment, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on reques
3、t to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Ele
4、ctronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European development
5、s and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CR title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd.
6、No. Date CommentsCENREPORT RAPPORTCEN CENBERICHT CR14311 April2002 ICS Englishversion PackagingMarkingandmaterialidentificationsystem ThisCENReportwasapprovedbyCENon16June2001.IthasbeendrawnupbytheTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC261. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Den
7、mark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allright
8、sofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.CR14311:2002ECR14311:2002(E) 2 Contents Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Discussionoflegislativerequirements .5 2.1 General5 2.2 Markingofpackaging 5 2.3 Identificationofpackagingmaterial 5 2.4 Othermarkings .6
9、 3 Criteriaformarking 6 3.1 Generalprinciples 6 3.2 Opportunitiesforharmonisation. .6 3.3 Applicationofmarking 7 3.4 Identificationofmaterial .7 4 Conclusion7 AnnexA (informative) Materialidentification . 8 Bibliography 9CR14311:2002(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN14311:2002)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnical
10、CommitteeCEN/TC261,“Packaging“,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyAFNOR. ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropean FreeTradeAssociation,andrelatestoarticles8and10oftheEUDirective94/62/EC(Bibliography).CR14311:2002(E) 4 Introduction Thepurposeofspecificallymar
11、kingpackagingandidentifyingmaterialswouldbetoconveyinformationtothosein thepackagingchain(fromrawmaterialmanufacturersthroughconverters,packer/fillerstoretailers),toendusers (includingconsumers)ofthepackedproductsandtothoseinthewastemanagementindustryconcernedwith packagingwaste. AproposalforaDirect
12、iveonthesubjectofmarking(bibliography)andadecisionrelatingtoidentificationsystem (bibliography)havebeenissuedbothofwhichsupporttheDirective94/62/EC.Thepurposeofthisreportisto considerthesesupportingdocumentsrequiredbyarticle8oftheDirective(94/62/EC)andtoinvestigatehowthey relatetotherequirementinart
13、icle10forthepreparationofEuropeanstandardsrelatingto“criteriaforthemarking ofpackaging“.ThisstudyhasbeenbasedonworkcarriedoutoverseveralyearsinTC261andparticularlyits workinggroupSC4/WG1andthevariouspositionsestablishedbythatworkinggroup,(bibliography).CR14311:2002(E) 5 1Scope ThisCENreportexaminest
14、hemarkingofpackagingandtheidentificationofpackagingmaterialasdescribedin article8ofthepackagingandpackagingwasteDirective94/62/EC,thesupportingDecisionandtheproposalfora DirectiveonMarkingandmakesrecommendationsbasedonarticle10ofthatDirective94/62/EC. 2 Discussionoflegislativerequirements 2.1General
15、 Article8oftheDirective94/62/ECdrawsadistinctionbetweenthe“markingofpackaging“andthe“identification (of)thenatureofpackagingmaterial(s)used“. Thissectionofthereportwilldealwiththeissuesseparatelyintermsofthelegislationbeingenacted. 2.2 Markingofpackaging TheproposedDirectiveonmarkingdoesnotcontainar
16、equirementforaCEmarktoindicatethatpackagingplaced onthemarketmeetstheessentialrequirementsoftheDirective94/62/EC.Thereasonsgivenforthisarefully endorsed. GiventhesoundreasonsfornotrequiringaCEmark,theEuropeanCommissioncouldhaveproposedthatno markingconcerningessentialrequirementswasnecessary.Ithasho
17、weverdecidedtosingleouttwoaspectsofthe essentialrequirements,“Reusablepackaging“and“Recyclablepackaging“onthebasisoftheDirectivestatement “untilscientificandtechnicalprogressismadereuseandrecyclingshouldbeconsideredpreferableintermsof environmentalimpact“.Howeverthis8 th “whereas“clauseintheDirectiv
18、e94/62/ECcontinueswithastatement that,“lifecycleassessmentsshouldbecompletedassoonaspossibletojustifyaclearhierarchybetween reusable,recyclableandrecoverablepackaging“TC261pointsoutthatscientificstudiesnowavailableshowthat thereisnoclearhierarchybetweenreusable,recyclableandrecoverableofpackagingunl
19、essunderveryspecific localconditions. Inadditiontheapparentprioritisationofreusabilityandrecyclabilityandthedirectlinkoftheseaspectswithamark foressentialrequirementsappearsinconsistentThistexttakesintoaccountonlytwoessentialrequirements; packagingputonthemarkethastocomplywithallessentialrequirement
20、sdefinedbytheDirective94/62/EC includingAnnexII. Theconsequenceofthisdecisionisthattheabsenceofamarkonaparticularpackaging,forexampleapackaging recoverablebyenergy,couldbeinterpretedasmeaningthatsuchpackagingfailedtomeettheessential requirementsasgivenintheDirective94/62/ECincludingAnnexII. Addition
21、allythesymbolschosentorepresentthetwoaspectsarebothnew,wouldhavenocurrentconsumer recognitionandarenotconsideredhelpfultoreachtheaimsofdirective94/62/EC. EvenwithawidespreadinformationdirectedattheconsumerTC261suggeststhatitwouldbeaverylongtime beforeaconsumerwouldrecognisethesymbolsandunderstandthe
22、irprecisemeaning. Itappearsthatfortheconsumertherewillbeconfusionbetweenmarkingandmaterialidentification.Thenew markingdoesnotavoidthisconfusion. 2.3 Identificationofpackagingmaterial TheCommissionDecision(bibliography)setsoutnumbersandabbreviationsforpackagingmaterials.Withthe exceptionofthoseforpl
23、astics,thesehavenotbeeninusepreviouslyandtheirwidespreaduseorcomprehension byendusersishardtoenvisage.Specificsectorsofthepackagingindustryhavealreadydevelopedsimilar materialidentificationsystemsincludingsymbolswhichhavewidespreadrecognition.InpreviousworkCENhas proposedthecontinuinguseofthesesymbo
24、lsandwillcontinuetoadvocatetheiruseformaterialidentification purposesalongsidethesystemgivenintheDecision(seebibliography).CR14311:2002(E) 6 2.4Other markings a)Recycled content TheexplanatorymemorandumtotheproposedDirectiveonmarking(bibliography)setsoutthereasonswhythe markingofrecycledcontentisnot
25、tobeintroduced.ThisdecisionisfullyendorsedandCENReportCR13504 (bibliography)amplifiesthereasonswhyindicationofrecycledcontentisnotausefulconceptinenvironmental termsandcouldbemisleadingparticularlyforconsumers. b) ISOworkonenvironmentallabelling The“MbiusLoop“istheonesymbolwidelyrecognisedbyconsumer
26、sashavingenvironmentalsignificance.The reasonstheCommissiondidnotchoosetouseexistingsymbolsaregivenintheexplanatorymemorandumtothe proposalonmarking.StandardisationworkinISO(TC207/SC3Environmentallabelling)onthistopichasnow beencompletedwiththepublicationofISO14021whichmakestheMbiusLoopavailableforp
27、ublicusageasthe symbolforaproduct,packaging,orassociatedcomponentwhichisrecyclable.TheStandardalsomakesthe MbiusLoopavailableasasymbolforRecycledContentwhenaccompaniedbyapercentagevaluebutas explainedinClause2.4(a)thisisnotconsideredtobeausefulmarkingforpackaging. ISO14021alsoincludesstatements(sect
28、ion3.1.9note1)thatamaterialidentificationsymbolisnotconsideredto beanenvironmentalclaim. 3 Criteriaformarking 3.1 Generalprinciples TheuseofsymbolstoindicateconformancewithvariousrequirementsdescribedinAnnexIIoftheDirective 94/62/EChasbeenproposedincludingenergyrecoveryandcomposting.Howeverdemonstra
29、tingconformance withtheessentialrequirementsoftheDirective94/62/ECdoesnotjustinvolvereuseandrecoverysinceother strategiessuchassourcereductionmaybeinvolved.Giventhevarietyofroutesbywhichconformancewiththe essentialrequirementswillbedemonstratedandthewiderangeofuseandpostusestrategiesacrossMember Sta
30、tesoftheEuropeanUnion,such“singlestrategy“markingisseenasimpartinglittleusefulinformationtoend usersandwouldgenerallybemisleading. Atthepointswherepackagingismanufacturedandpackedorfilleditsfinaldestinationandtheappropriate recoveryoptionscannotbedetermined.Amarkingforaparticularstrategyisnoguarante
31、ethatparticularstrategy willbecarriedout.Onlyatthefinaldestinationwillthelocalwastemanagementinfrastructuredeterminethe recoverystrategy.Evenatthisstagethisformofmarkingwillnotbeofassistancesinceitisnotusedbythewaste managementindustryasanyformofaidtosorting. Packagingcanalreadycarrymanymarkingsgene
32、rallyrelatingtotheproductitcontainsandusuallyofastatutory nature.Furthermarkingmayleadtoincreasedconsumerconfusionovermarkingsincludingthosealreadyinuse.It shouldalsobeusersincludingconsumers.AnnexAshowstheconsequenceofapplyingthesymbolsgiveninthe Commissionproposalonmarking(bibliography)inadditiont
33、oalltheothermarksalreadyrequired.Consumer confusionisconsideredtobetheinevitableoutcomeofthisapproach. 3.2 Opportunitiesforharmonisation Clause3.1,hasestablishedthatthereisnoopportunityforthemarkingofpackagingrelatedtoessential requirementsasenvisagedbyproposedmarkingdirective(bibliography)inaharmon
34、isedsystemacrossthe MemberStates.Standardsworkisforthepurposesofharmonisation.Thereforetheconclusionisthatthereisno needforsymbolsrelatingtospecificaspectsoftheessentialrequirementsandhencenoneedforCENstandards relatingtothisaspectofmarking.CR14311:2002(E) 7 3.3 Applicationofmarking Paragraph3ofarti
35、cle8oftheDirective94/62/ECincludestherequirementthatmarking“shallbeappropriately durableandlasting,includingwhenthepackagingisopened“.ConsiderationwasgiventowhetheraCENstandard shouldbewrittentoelaboratetheserequirements,forinstancewithrespecttosize,colourandplacementofany requiredmarkings.Following
36、areviewoftherequirementsrelatingtothestatutorylabellingofproductsitwas concludedthatnofurtherelaborationoftherequirementsgiveninparagraph3isnecessary. 3.4 Identificationofmaterial Theissuesdiscussedinclauses3.1and2relatetospecificconformanceaspectsandtolocaloperatingconditions andstrategies.Howevert
37、heissuesrelatingtoidentificationofmaterialareglobalsincethenatureofthematerials isindependentoftheirparticularusage.Thisreportadvocatesthecontinuinguseofthewellestablishedgraphic symbolsformaterialidentificationinparallelifappropriatewiththoseintheCommissionDecision(bibliography). Therelevantsymbols
38、areshowninAnnexA.Itshouldbeemphasisedthatthesegraphicsymbolshaveno implicationofrecyclability/recoverabilityandarepurelygraphicrepresentationsofmaterialtype.Howevergiven theirwidespreadapplication,theydoofcourserepresentauniversalopportunityfor“presorting“orsortingof materialspriortorecyclingoperati
39、onswhenthisisappropriate.AnnexAshowstheappearanceofthemarkingas proposedbythisreport. 4Conclusion a) Thisreportproposesthatthesystemofmaterialidentificationforspecificmaterialsusingwidelyknown symbolsiscontinuedinparallelwiththevoluntarysystemdescribedbythedecision(bibliography). b) Thisreportconclu
40、desthatnoCENstandardsarerequiredrelatedtomarkingofpackagingwithrespectto essentialrequirements.CR14311:2002(E) 8 Annex A (informative) Materialidentification Aluminium Steel Glass SpecificmaterialIdentification isnotrequired PaperandBoard SpecificmaterialIdentification isnotrequired Plastic Composit
41、es Tobelinkedtothedominant material Sequencesof numbers 01 02 19 Typesofplastic material PET PEHD XCR14311:2002(E) 9 Bibliography 1 Directive94/62/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilonPackagingandPackagingWaste December1994. 2 ProposalforaEuropeanParliamentandCouncilDirectiveonmarkingofpackagin
42、gandonthe establishmentofaconformityassessmentprocedureforpackagingNovember1996. 3 CommissionDecisionestablishingtheidentificationsystemforpackagingmaterialspursuanttoEuropean ParliamentandCouncilDirective94/62/EConPackagingandPackagingWasteJanuary1977. 4 CENReportCR13504,PackagingMaterialrecoveryCr
43、iteriaforaminimumcontentofrecycled material. 5ISO 14021 EnvironmentallabelsanddeclarationsSelfdeclaredenvironmentalclaims(TypeII environmentallabelling).PD CR 14311:2002 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standa
