CLC TR 50448-2005 Guide to levels of competence required in laser safety《激光器安全要求的性能水平指南》.pdf

1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CLC/TR 50448:2005Guide to levels of competence required in laser safetyICS 31.260g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g

2、58PD CLC/TR 50448:2005This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 4 November 2005 BSI 4 November 2005ISBN 0 580 46730 9National forewordThis Published Document reproduces verbatim CLC/TR 50448:2005.The UK participation in its preparatio

3、n was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/76, Optical radiation safety and laser equipment, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international publicat

4、ions referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessa

5、ry provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a Published Document does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interp

6、retation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CLC/TR title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back

7、cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICAL REPORT CLC/TR 50448 RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT August 2005 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardizati

8、on Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. CLC/TR 50448:2005 E I

9、CS 31.260 English version Guide to levels of competence required in laser safety Recommandations pour les niveaux de comptence requis pour la scurit des lasers Leitfaden fr die erforderlichen Ausbildungslevel auf dem Gebiet Lasersicherheit This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2005-01-08.

10、 CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swe

11、den, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Foreword This Technical Report was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 76, Optical radiation safety and laser equipment. The text of the draft was submitted to the vote and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TR 50448 on 2005-01-08. _ 2 CLC/TR 50448:20051 S

12、cope and object 1.1 Scope This Guide has been prepared in order to provide information and guidance to employers and employees in organisations in which lasers are used. It is supplementary to the safety requirements specified in the EN 60825 series of standards on laser safety. The Guide outlines p

13、rocedures for the management of laser hazards and defines levels of competence for those who work with laser equipment or who have responsibility for laser safety. 1.2 Object The object of this Guide is to assist organisations in which lasers are used to adopt appropriate organisational arrangements

14、 covering the implementation and maintenance of effective control procedures as required by EN 60825-1 and by other standards in the EN 60825 series, and to ensure that persons using, controlling, or working with laser equipment, and those having responsibility for laser safety, have the necessary k

15、nowledge, understanding and ability to carry out their work without placing themselves or others at any undue health risk. The Guide defines the employers responsibility for laser safety, establishes a system of safety management to meet the practical needs of organisations using lasers, and sets ou

16、t minimum standards of competence in order to help employers to determine the safety training needs of their employees. 2 References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references

17、, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 60825-1 Safety of laser products Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and users guide EN 60825-2 Safety of laser products Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems EN 60825-4 Safety of laser

18、products Part 4: Laser guards IEC 60825-8 Safety of laser products Part 8: Guidelines for the safe use of medical laser equipment IEC 60825-10 Safety of laser products Part 10: Laser safety application guidelines and explanatory notes EN 60825-12 Safety of laser products Part 12: Safety of free spac

19、e optical communication systems used for transmission of information IEC 60825-14 Safety of laser products Part 14: A users guide EN 60601-2-22 Medical electrical equipment Part 2: Particular requirements for the safety of diagnostic and therapeutic laser equipment 3 CLC/TR 50448:20053 Employer resp

20、onsibilities 3.1 General In any organisation in which lasers are in use, it is the employers responsibility to take all reasonable steps to ensure that adequate safety controls are implemented and maintained, and that relevant safety information and training is provided to their employees. General i

21、nformation with regard to the potential hazards arising from the use of laser equipment should be obtained in the first instance from the equipment supplier. Suppliers of laser products have a duty to provide information to their customers on the safety of the products supplied, and should also ensu

22、re that their customers are aware of the existence of relevant safety standards and national regulations affecting the use of the products concerned. Employees at all levels within organisations in which lasers are in use share responsibility for the safety of themselves and of others, but the emplo

23、yer must ensure that effective organisational and administrative safety arrangements are in place. Day-to-day implementation of these arrangements may be delegated to others through the line management structure, but the employer retains overall responsibility for ensuring that these arrangements re

24、main adequate and that they are continuously in operation. 3.2 Safety arrangements The arrangements for safety shall cover the following: the identification of laser and related hazards and the assessment of health risks that may arise from the laser equipment under all conditions of use, including

25、installation and set-up, normal operation, maintenance, servicing and adjustment work, fault situations, foreseeable misuse, removal and disposal; the implementation, monitoring and review of appropriate control procedures to eliminate these hazards or, where this is not practicable, to reduce the r

26、isk of harm to an acceptably low level; the provision of sufficient information, guidance, supervision and training to employees to ensure that the laser equipment is used in accordance with the procedures established, and only used by those who have an adequate knowledge and understanding of the ha

27、zards involved and of the need for the control procedures which have been established. The policies adopted to implement these arrangements for the management and control of laser hazards should be documented and be made available to all employees who have any involvement with laser equipment. 3.3 S

28、afety controls The use of engineering controls for the elimination of laser hazards and the protection of employees should always be considered first. Where it is not feasible or reasonably practicable for such measures to provide adequate protection, then safe systems of work must be developed and

29、implemented. If necessary, but only as a last resort where adequate protection cannot be provided by other means, suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be provided by the employer. Such PPE may include, but is not limited to, laser protective eyewear. It is the employers responsibility

30、to 4 CLC/TR 50448:2005assess the suitability of PPE, to provide it to all employees and visitors who may be at risk, to maintain it in good order, and to replace it whenever necessary. Adequate information, instruction and training covering the proper use of PPE, its limitations, and the reporting o

31、f defects, damage or loss, shall be given by the employer, who should take all reasonable steps to ensure the proper use of PPE. 4 Levels of competence 4.1 Laser Safety Officer Every organisation within which laser equipment of Class 3B or Class 4 is in use should appoint an internal Laser Safety Of

32、ficer to take administrative responsibility on behalf of the employer for overseeing laser safety. Certain Class 1 laser products that contain embedded Class 3B or Class 4 lasers may produce accessible emission under some conditions of use, e. g. during servicing, and could therefore also necessitat

33、e the appointment of a Laser Safety Officer. The appointment of a Laser Safety Officer is also recommended where Class 1M or Class 2M laser products generating well-collimated beams are in use, and which could present a hazard if viewed through binoculars or telescopes at a considerable distance fro

34、m the laser. The Laser Safety Officer should ensure that adequate controls for minimising health risks arising from the use of laser equipment are in place, that regular monitoring of laser hazards and of the effective-ness of control measures is carried out, and that records of such monitoring are

35、maintained. Overall responsibility for laser safety remains with the employer, who should ensure that the person appointed as the Laser Safety Officer has the capability, knowledge and understanding, as well the resources needed, to undertake these tasks effectively. Within the limits of the mandate

36、 from the employer he bears the responsibility for the safety control actions both engineering and administrative. Within large organisations having extensive laser use it can often be helpful to appoint area or departmental laser safety representatives to assist the Laser Safety Officer and to prov

37、ide more local support to laser users. The standard of competence necessary for a Laser Safety Officer is that he or she should know that optical radiation encompasses visible light and invisible infrared and ultraviolet radiation, that it is designated in terms of wavelength, and that it differs fr

38、om ionising radiation, know the basic characteristics (spatial, spectral and temporal) of laser emission, understand the appropriate quantities and units in which laser emission is specified, know of the existence of relevant laser safety standards and national regulations affecting laser use, under

39、stand the concept of laser hazard classes 1, 1M, 2, 2M, 3R, 3B and 4, and the meaning of laser warning labels, know the type(s) of laser equipment in use within the organisation concerned and understand its intended purpose, know the waveband(s) and wavelength(s) of emission of the laser equipment i

40、n use, know the tissue(s) at risk from laser beam exposure, and in the case of laser emission within the retinal hazard region (wavelengths between 400 nm and 1 400 nm) understand the focusing effects of the eye, appreciate the severity of harm that may occur from laser beam exposure, know the appro

41、ximate area around the laser(s) within which hazardous exposure levels may arise under different circumstances of use, 5 CLC/TR 50448:2005 understand the nature and extent of other hazards that may arise from the use of the laser equipment, including the following: mechanical hazards; electrical haz

42、ards; noise and vibration hazards; thermal hazards; fire and explosion hazards; chemical hazards; biological hazards; radiation hazards, in addition to those due to laser emission, understand the control procedures that are necessary to eliminate the risk of harm occurring or to reduce this risk to

43、an acceptable level, including the proper use of warning signs and controlled areas, understand the essential requirements of occupational health the type of laser equipment in use; the particular application or working environment concerned; the hazards that may be present; hazard evaluation and ri

44、sk assessment procedures; safety management; 7 CLC/TR 50448:2005 the selection, specification and proper use of hazard controls; the safety training requirements of relevant personnel; the drafting of safe working procedures. 5 Training requirements Training in laser safety, and also in associated i

45、ssues of occupational safety and health, shall be given to employees whenever necessary in order to provide them with sufficient skills, knowledge and understanding to ensure that laser equipment is safely used and that the organisations laser safety policies are effectively and continuously impleme

46、nted. Training should be suitable, sufficient and comprehensible, taking into account the experience, capabilities and educational level of the employees being trained. Refresher training should also be given at reasonable intervals to ensure that an adequate level of safety awareness and competence

47、 is maintained. Any suitable method of training can be used, and may be by means of one, or a combination of any, of the following: a short course given internally from the organisations own resources; a short course given internally by an external trainer; attendance at an externally-run off-site c

48、ourse; the use of computer-aided learning packages; self-teaching through books etc. and remote learning by correspondence; work experience and informal one-to-one training. In the case of a person seeking to become a Laser Protection Adviser, a single short course or period of study is not normally

49、 sufficient to develop adequate competence for this role. A high-level of capability combined with considerable experience in the relevant area of laser application is needed. 6 Accreditation There are currently no recognised schemes for accrediting laser safety courses, or for approving individuals and organisations able to provide training services or safety advice. In determining the suitability of particular training courses, training provi