EN 1159-3-2003 en Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites thermophysical properties - Part 3 Determination of specific heat capacity (Incorporating corrigendum April 2008).pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1159-3:2003 Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites, thermophysical properties Part 3: Determination of specific heat capacity ICS 81.060.20 Incorporating orrigendum April 2008BS EN 1159-3:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Pol

2、icy and Strategy Committee on 22 April 2003 BSI 2009 National foreword which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated indicated in the text by The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee A list of organizations repr

3、esented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Date Co

4、mments 30 April 2009 This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1159-3:2003, incorporating corrigendum April 2008. It supersedes DD ENV 1159-3:1995 in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum April 2008 is RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics. Amendments / corrigenda issued since p

5、ublication Implementation of CEN corrigendum April 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 60008 1 .EUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN11593 April2003 ICS81.060.20 Englishversion AdvancedtechnicalceramicsCeramiccomposites, thermophysicalpropertiesPart3:Determinationofspecific heatcapacity Cramiquestechniq

6、uesavancesComposites cramiques,propritsthermophysiquesPartie3: Dterminationdelacapacitthermiquespcifique HochleistungskeramikKeramischeVerbundwerkstoffe, thermophisikalischeEigenschaftenTeil3:Bestimmung derspezifischenWrmekapazitt ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon2January2003. CENmembersareboun

7、dtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuro

8、peanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRep

9、ublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1

10、050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN11593:2003E SupersedesENV11593:1995 IncorporatingcorrigendumApril2008EN11593:2003(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Termsanddefinitions. .4 4 MethodADropc

11、alorimetry. 5 4.1 Principle5 4.2 Apparatus .5 4.3 Standardreferencematerials .5 4.4 Testspecimens 5 4.5 Calibrationofcalorimeter .5 4.5.1 General5 4.5.2 ElectricalCalibration .6 4.5.3 Calibrationusingstandardreferencematerial . 6 4.6 Testprocedures . 6 4.6.1 Testwithoutacrucible . .6 4.6.2 Testwitha

12、crucible6 4.6.3 Descriptionoftest . 7 4.7 Calculations7 4.7.1 General7 4.7.2 Determinationofthecalorimetriccalibrationfactor 8 4.7.3 Determinationofmeanspecificheatcapacity p C 8 5 MethodBDifferentialscanningcalorimetry .9 5.1 Principle9 5.1.1 General9 5.1.2 Stepwiseheatingmethod. .9 5.1.3 Continuou

13、sheatingmethod . 9 5.2 Apparatus .10 5.2.1 Differentialscanningcalorimeter. 10 5.3 Standardreferencematerials,SRM .10 5.4 Testspecimens 10 5.5 Temperaturecalibration. .10 5.6 Testprocedureforthedeterminationof C p 11 5.6.1 General11 5.6.2 Method1:Measurementsrequiringtheknowledgeofthe Kfactor11 5.6.

14、3 Method2:Measurementsrequiringtheuseofareferencestandardmaterial(SRM)12 5.7 Calculationofresults 13 5.7.1 Methodrequiringtheknowledgeofthe Kfactor 13 5.7.2 MethodusinganSRM . 14 6 Testreport 16 AnnexA (normative) DropcalorimetryDeterminationofthecalibrationfactorusingstandard referencematerial 19 A

15、nnexB (informative) Standardreferencematerial.20 AnnexC (informative) Materialsforcalorimetercalibrations .25 Bibliography 26 BS EN 1159-3:20033 Foreword Thisdocument(EN11593:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC184“Advancedtechnical ceramics“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisEuropeanS

16、tandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byOctober2003. ThisdocumentsupersedesENV11593:1995. EN1159 AdvancedtechnicalceramicsCeramiccomposites,thermophysica

17、lproperties consistsofthreeparts: Part1:Determinationofthermalexpansion Part2:Determinationofthermaldiffusivity Part3:Determinationofspecificheatcapacity AnnexAisnormative.AnnexesBandCareinformative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countri

18、esareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom. EN11593:2003(E) BS EN 1159-3:20034 1Scope ThispartofEN1159d

19、escribestwomethodsforthedeterminationofthespecificheatcapacityofceramicmatrix compositeswithcontinuousreinforcements(1D,2D,3D). Unidirectional(1D),bidirectional(2D)andtridirectional(XD,with2 x3). Thetwomethodsare: methodA:dropcalorimetry; methodB:differentialscanningcalorimetry. Theyareapplicablefro

20、mambienttemperatureuptoamaximumtemperaturedependingonthemethod:methodA maybeusedupto2250K,whilemethodBislimitedto1900K. NOTE MethodAislimitedtothedeterminationofanaveragevalueofthespecificheatcapacityoveragiventemperature rangeandcangivealargerspreadofresults. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStand

21、ardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporated

22、initbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN605841, ThermocouplesPart1:Referencetables(IEC605841:1995) . ENV13233:1998, AdvancedtechnicalceramicsCeramiccompositesNotationsandsymbols . 3 Termsanddefinitions Forthepurposesoft

23、hisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingdefinitionsandthosegiveninENV13233:1998apply. 3.1 specificheatcapacity, C p amountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofamassunitofmaterialby1Katconstanttemperatureand pressure dT dQ m C p 1 = where Q istheheatrequiredforatestpieceofmassm 3.2 meanspecificheatcapacity,

24、p C amountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofamassunitofamaterialfromtemperature T 1 totemperature T 2 ataconstantpressure,dividedbythetemperaturerange( T 2 T 1 )expressedinK 3.3 representativevolumeelement(R.V.E.) theminimumvolumewhichisrepresentativeofthematerialconsidered EN11593:2003(E) BS EN

25、1159-3:20035 4Method A Drop calorimetry 4.1Principle Atestpieceisdroppedfromaconditioningchamberataconstanttemperature T 1 toanotherchamberataconstant temperature T 2 . Themeanspecificheatcapacityisdeterminedfromthemeasuredamountofheatrequiredtomaintainthe temperatureconstantinthesecondchamber.Trans

26、ferofthetestpieceshallbedoneunderconditionsascloseas possibletoadiabaticconditions. 4.2Apparatus 4.2.1 Dropcalorimeter,thereareseveraltypesofdropcalorimeters.Theyincludeone(ormore)conditioning chambersandmeasuringchamberswhichcanbeoperatedundercontrolledatmosphereandwhichareall equippedwithatemperat

27、urecontrolsystemwhichallowsatemperaturestabilityoflessthan1K. Theconditioningchambershallhaveahomogeneoustemperaturezonesizegreaterthanthetestspecimensize. Themeasuringchambershallhaveahomogeneoustemperaturezoneofasufficientlengthtoacceptseveral specimensandasufficientthermalinertiatolimitthetempera

28、turedisturbance,duetothedrop. Heattransferbyradiationduringthedropshallbeavoidedasfaraspossible. 4.2.2 Balance,withanaccuracyof0,1mgfortestpiecesover10mgandanaccuracyof0,01mgfortestpieces below10mg. 4.2.3 Temperaturedetectors ,thermocouplesinaccordancetoEN605841shallbeusedforthemeasurement oftempera

29、tureupto1920K. Forhighertemperature,infrareddetectorsoranyothersuitabledevicemaybeused. 4.2.4 Dataacquisitionsystem ,thesamplingperiodduringthetestshallbelessthan0,5s. 4.3Standardreferencematerials StandardreferencematerialswhichcanbeusedforcalibrationpurposesarelistedinannexB. 4.4Testspecimens Thet

30、estspecimensshallberepresentativeofthematerial. NOTE Thiscriterionisgenerallymetbytestspecimenscontainingthemaximumnumberofrepresentativevolume elements,compatiblewiththevolumeofthecrucible,ifthisnumberislessthanfive,severalsolutionsarepossible: a) thetestspecimensshouldhaveanexactnumberofrepresenta

31、tivevolumeelements; b) thematerialshouldbegroundtopowderandaspecimentakenfromthispowder.Howeverthissolutionwill leadtoresultswhichmaydifferfromresultsobtainedonsolidtestpiecesandshouldbeusedonlyifnoother solutionispossible; c) thematerialshouldbecutintospecimensandanumberofsimilartestspecimensshould

32、betestedandan averagevaluedetermined. 4.5Calibrationofcalorimeter 4.5.1General Calibrationofcalorimeters,maybedoneaccordingtotwodifferentmethods.Thefirstconsistsindissipatinga knownamountofthermalpowerusingacalibratedresistorintroducedinthesecondchamberofthecalorimeter.In EN11593:2003(E) BS EN 1159-

33、3:20036 thesecondmethodareferencespecimenwithknownspecificheatcapacityisdroppedaccordingtotheprocedure describedinsection4.6. 4.5.2 ElectricalCalibration Thecalibrationfactoristheratioofaknownamountofthermalpowerdissipatedintheresistortothesteadystate calorimetricoutputsignalandismeasuredattemperatu

34、re T 2 . NOTE1 Themethodusingpowerdissipationinaresistorislimitedto 1350K. NOTE2 Thismethodcanonlybeusedifthesensitivityofthecalorimeterisnotaffectedbythefillingofthemeasuring chamber. 4.5.3 Calibrationusingstandardreferencematerial Thiscalibrationiscalled“dropcalibration”.Aspecimenmadefromastandard

35、referencematerialwithaknown specificheatcapacityisdroppedaccordingtothetestproceduresdescribedinsection4.6.(SeeannexBfor standardreferencematerial).Thisallowsdeterminationofthecalibrationfactor(seeannexA). 4.6Testprocedures NOTE Theavoidanceofinteractionbetweenthetestspecimenandthecalorimetriccondit

36、ioningandmeasuringchambers canrequiretheuseofasealedcrucible. 4.6.1 Testwithoutacrucible 4.6.1.1 Testwithdropcalibration Thetestwithoutacrucibleandwithdropcalibrationisdoneinthefollowingorder: R,T,R,T,R,T,R with R=testofstandardreferencematerial,and; T=testoftestspecimen. Carryouteachtestasdescribed

37、in4.6.3. 4.6.1.2 Testwithelectricalcalibration Thetestwithoutacrucibleandwithcalibrationusingpowerdissipationinaresistorisdoneinthefollowingorder: calibrationofcalorimeter; testonthreetestspecimens. Carryouteachtestasdescribedin4.6.3. 4.6.2 Testwithacrucible 4.6.2.1General Themassofallemptycrucibles

38、usedforthetestshallnotdifferbymorethan5%. 4.6.2.2 Testwithdropcalibration Thetestwithacrucibleandwithdropcalibrationiscarriedoutinthefollowingorder: EN11593:2003(E) BS EN 1159-3:20037 C,C+R,C+T,C,C+R,C+T,C,C+R,C+T,C with C isthetestwiththeemptycrucible; C+R=testofcrucibleplusstandardreferencemateria

39、l; C+T=testofcrucibleplustestspecimen. Carryouteachtestasdescribedin4.6.3. 4.6.2.3 Testwithelectricalcalibration Thetestwithacrucibleandwithcalibrationusingpowerdissipationinaresistorisdoneinthefollowingorder: calibrationofcalorimeter; carryoutthefollowingsequence: C,C+T,C,C+T,C,C+T,C with C isthete

40、stwiththeemptycrucible; C+T=test withcrucibleplustestspecimen. Carryouteachtestasdescribedin4.6.3. 4.6.3 Descriptionoftest Thetestpiece(testspecimen,standardmaterialoremptycrucible)andreferencematerialshallbedriedat (1105)Cuntilthedifferenceinweightoftwosuccessiveweighingsislowerthan0,2mg: measureth

41、emasswhenacrucibleisnotusedwithanaccuracyof0,1mgor0,1%whicheveristhe smaller; whenacrucibleisused,measurethemassofeachassemblydropped,(emptycrucible,crucibleandstandard referencematerial,crucibleandtestspecimen); placethetestpiece(testspecimen,standardmaterialoremptycrucible)intheconditioningchamber

42、at temperature T 1 andwaitforasufficientperiod(intheorderof15min),toreachthermalequilibriumofthetest piecewithitsenvironment.Measure T 1 andT 2 startrecordingthecalorimetricsignalbeforethetestpieceis dropped.Dropthetestpiece.Stoptherecordwhenthesteadystateoutputsignalisreached. 4.7Calculations 4.7.1

43、General Thechangeinheat Qcorrespondingtothedropofthetestpieceisrelatedtothearea Aunderthecalorimetric outputsignalbythefollowingequation. A K Q = where K isthecalorimetercalibrationfactor. EN11593:2003(E) BS EN 1159-3:20038 4.7.2 Determinationofthecalorimetriccalibrationfactor 4.7.2.1 Electricalcalibration(seeannexA) A H K = = signal output ic calorimetr the under area dissipated heat 4.7.2.2 Withstandardreferenc