1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1159-3:2003 Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites, thermophysical properties Part 3: Determination of specific heat capacity ICS 81.060.20 Incorporating orrigendum April 2008BS EN 1159-3:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Pol
2、icy and Strategy Committee on 22 April 2003 BSI 2009 National foreword which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated indicated in the text by The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee A list of organizations repr
3、esented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Date Co
4、mments 30 April 2009 This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 1159-3:2003, incorporating corrigendum April 2008. It supersedes DD ENV 1159-3:1995 in the text by tags. Text altered by CEN corrigendum April 2008 is RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics. Amendments / corrigenda issued since p
5、ublication Implementation of CEN corrigendum April 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 60008 1 .EUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN11593 April2003 ICS81.060.20 Englishversion AdvancedtechnicalceramicsCeramiccomposites, thermophysicalpropertiesPart3:Determinationofspecific heatcapacity Cramiquestechniq
6、uesavancesComposites cramiques,propritsthermophysiquesPartie3: Dterminationdelacapacitthermiquespcifique HochleistungskeramikKeramischeVerbundwerkstoffe, thermophisikalischeEigenschaftenTeil3:Bestimmung derspezifischenWrmekapazitt ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon2January2003. CENmembersareboun
7、dtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuro
8、peanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRep
9、ublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1
10、050Brussels 2003CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN11593:2003E SupersedesENV11593:1995 IncorporatingcorrigendumApril2008EN11593:2003(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Termsanddefinitions. .4 4 MethodADropc
11、alorimetry. 5 4.1 Principle5 4.2 Apparatus .5 4.3 Standardreferencematerials .5 4.4 Testspecimens 5 4.5 Calibrationofcalorimeter .5 4.5.1 General5 4.5.2 ElectricalCalibration .6 4.5.3 Calibrationusingstandardreferencematerial . 6 4.6 Testprocedures . 6 4.6.1 Testwithoutacrucible . .6 4.6.2 Testwitha
12、crucible6 4.6.3 Descriptionoftest . 7 4.7 Calculations7 4.7.1 General7 4.7.2 Determinationofthecalorimetriccalibrationfactor 8 4.7.3 Determinationofmeanspecificheatcapacity p C 8 5 MethodBDifferentialscanningcalorimetry .9 5.1 Principle9 5.1.1 General9 5.1.2 Stepwiseheatingmethod. .9 5.1.3 Continuou
13、sheatingmethod . 9 5.2 Apparatus .10 5.2.1 Differentialscanningcalorimeter. 10 5.3 Standardreferencematerials,SRM .10 5.4 Testspecimens 10 5.5 Temperaturecalibration. .10 5.6 Testprocedureforthedeterminationof C p 11 5.6.1 General11 5.6.2 Method1:Measurementsrequiringtheknowledgeofthe Kfactor11 5.6.
14、3 Method2:Measurementsrequiringtheuseofareferencestandardmaterial(SRM)12 5.7 Calculationofresults 13 5.7.1 Methodrequiringtheknowledgeofthe Kfactor 13 5.7.2 MethodusinganSRM . 14 6 Testreport 16 AnnexA (normative) DropcalorimetryDeterminationofthecalibrationfactorusingstandard referencematerial 19 A
15、nnexB (informative) Standardreferencematerial.20 AnnexC (informative) Materialsforcalorimetercalibrations .25 Bibliography 26 BS EN 1159-3:20033 Foreword Thisdocument(EN11593:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC184“Advancedtechnical ceramics“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisEuropeanS
16、tandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2003,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byOctober2003. ThisdocumentsupersedesENV11593:1995. EN1159 AdvancedtechnicalceramicsCeramiccomposites,thermophysica
17、lproperties consistsofthreeparts: Part1:Determinationofthermalexpansion Part2:Determinationofthermaldiffusivity Part3:Determinationofspecificheatcapacity AnnexAisnormative.AnnexesBandCareinformative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countri
18、esareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom. EN11593:2003(E) BS EN 1159-3:20034 1Scope ThispartofEN1159d
19、escribestwomethodsforthedeterminationofthespecificheatcapacityofceramicmatrix compositeswithcontinuousreinforcements(1D,2D,3D). Unidirectional(1D),bidirectional(2D)andtridirectional(XD,with2 x3). Thetwomethodsare: methodA:dropcalorimetry; methodB:differentialscanningcalorimetry. Theyareapplicablefro
20、mambienttemperatureuptoamaximumtemperaturedependingonthemethod:methodA maybeusedupto2250K,whilemethodBislimitedto1900K. NOTE MethodAislimitedtothedeterminationofanaveragevalueofthespecificheatcapacityoveragiventemperature rangeandcangivealargerspreadofresults. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStand
21、ardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporated
22、initbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN605841, ThermocouplesPart1:Referencetables(IEC605841:1995) . ENV13233:1998, AdvancedtechnicalceramicsCeramiccompositesNotationsandsymbols . 3 Termsanddefinitions Forthepurposesoft
23、hisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingdefinitionsandthosegiveninENV13233:1998apply. 3.1 specificheatcapacity, C p amountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofamassunitofmaterialby1Katconstanttemperatureand pressure dT dQ m C p 1 = where Q istheheatrequiredforatestpieceofmassm 3.2 meanspecificheatcapacity,
24、p C amountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureofamassunitofamaterialfromtemperature T 1 totemperature T 2 ataconstantpressure,dividedbythetemperaturerange( T 2 T 1 )expressedinK 3.3 representativevolumeelement(R.V.E.) theminimumvolumewhichisrepresentativeofthematerialconsidered EN11593:2003(E) BS EN
25、1159-3:20035 4Method A Drop calorimetry 4.1Principle Atestpieceisdroppedfromaconditioningchamberataconstanttemperature T 1 toanotherchamberataconstant temperature T 2 . Themeanspecificheatcapacityisdeterminedfromthemeasuredamountofheatrequiredtomaintainthe temperatureconstantinthesecondchamber.Trans
26、ferofthetestpieceshallbedoneunderconditionsascloseas possibletoadiabaticconditions. 4.2Apparatus 4.2.1 Dropcalorimeter,thereareseveraltypesofdropcalorimeters.Theyincludeone(ormore)conditioning chambersandmeasuringchamberswhichcanbeoperatedundercontrolledatmosphereandwhichareall equippedwithatemperat
27、urecontrolsystemwhichallowsatemperaturestabilityoflessthan1K. Theconditioningchambershallhaveahomogeneoustemperaturezonesizegreaterthanthetestspecimensize. Themeasuringchambershallhaveahomogeneoustemperaturezoneofasufficientlengthtoacceptseveral specimensandasufficientthermalinertiatolimitthetempera
28、turedisturbance,duetothedrop. Heattransferbyradiationduringthedropshallbeavoidedasfaraspossible. 4.2.2 Balance,withanaccuracyof0,1mgfortestpiecesover10mgandanaccuracyof0,01mgfortestpieces below10mg. 4.2.3 Temperaturedetectors ,thermocouplesinaccordancetoEN605841shallbeusedforthemeasurement oftempera
29、tureupto1920K. Forhighertemperature,infrareddetectorsoranyothersuitabledevicemaybeused. 4.2.4 Dataacquisitionsystem ,thesamplingperiodduringthetestshallbelessthan0,5s. 4.3Standardreferencematerials StandardreferencematerialswhichcanbeusedforcalibrationpurposesarelistedinannexB. 4.4Testspecimens Thet
30、estspecimensshallberepresentativeofthematerial. NOTE Thiscriterionisgenerallymetbytestspecimenscontainingthemaximumnumberofrepresentativevolume elements,compatiblewiththevolumeofthecrucible,ifthisnumberislessthanfive,severalsolutionsarepossible: a) thetestspecimensshouldhaveanexactnumberofrepresenta
31、tivevolumeelements; b) thematerialshouldbegroundtopowderandaspecimentakenfromthispowder.Howeverthissolutionwill leadtoresultswhichmaydifferfromresultsobtainedonsolidtestpiecesandshouldbeusedonlyifnoother solutionispossible; c) thematerialshouldbecutintospecimensandanumberofsimilartestspecimensshould
32、betestedandan averagevaluedetermined. 4.5Calibrationofcalorimeter 4.5.1General Calibrationofcalorimeters,maybedoneaccordingtotwodifferentmethods.Thefirstconsistsindissipatinga knownamountofthermalpowerusingacalibratedresistorintroducedinthesecondchamberofthecalorimeter.In EN11593:2003(E) BS EN 1159-
33、3:20036 thesecondmethodareferencespecimenwithknownspecificheatcapacityisdroppedaccordingtotheprocedure describedinsection4.6. 4.5.2 ElectricalCalibration Thecalibrationfactoristheratioofaknownamountofthermalpowerdissipatedintheresistortothesteadystate calorimetricoutputsignalandismeasuredattemperatu
34、re T 2 . NOTE1 Themethodusingpowerdissipationinaresistorislimitedto 1350K. NOTE2 Thismethodcanonlybeusedifthesensitivityofthecalorimeterisnotaffectedbythefillingofthemeasuring chamber. 4.5.3 Calibrationusingstandardreferencematerial Thiscalibrationiscalled“dropcalibration”.Aspecimenmadefromastandard
35、referencematerialwithaknown specificheatcapacityisdroppedaccordingtothetestproceduresdescribedinsection4.6.(SeeannexBfor standardreferencematerial).Thisallowsdeterminationofthecalibrationfactor(seeannexA). 4.6Testprocedures NOTE Theavoidanceofinteractionbetweenthetestspecimenandthecalorimetriccondit
36、ioningandmeasuringchambers canrequiretheuseofasealedcrucible. 4.6.1 Testwithoutacrucible 4.6.1.1 Testwithdropcalibration Thetestwithoutacrucibleandwithdropcalibrationisdoneinthefollowingorder: R,T,R,T,R,T,R with R=testofstandardreferencematerial,and; T=testoftestspecimen. Carryouteachtestasdescribed
37、in4.6.3. 4.6.1.2 Testwithelectricalcalibration Thetestwithoutacrucibleandwithcalibrationusingpowerdissipationinaresistorisdoneinthefollowingorder: calibrationofcalorimeter; testonthreetestspecimens. Carryouteachtestasdescribedin4.6.3. 4.6.2 Testwithacrucible 4.6.2.1General Themassofallemptycrucibles
38、usedforthetestshallnotdifferbymorethan5%. 4.6.2.2 Testwithdropcalibration Thetestwithacrucibleandwithdropcalibrationiscarriedoutinthefollowingorder: EN11593:2003(E) BS EN 1159-3:20037 C,C+R,C+T,C,C+R,C+T,C,C+R,C+T,C with C isthetestwiththeemptycrucible; C+R=testofcrucibleplusstandardreferencemateria
39、l; C+T=testofcrucibleplustestspecimen. Carryouteachtestasdescribedin4.6.3. 4.6.2.3 Testwithelectricalcalibration Thetestwithacrucibleandwithcalibrationusingpowerdissipationinaresistorisdoneinthefollowingorder: calibrationofcalorimeter; carryoutthefollowingsequence: C,C+T,C,C+T,C,C+T,C with C isthete
40、stwiththeemptycrucible; C+T=test withcrucibleplustestspecimen. Carryouteachtestasdescribedin4.6.3. 4.6.3 Descriptionoftest Thetestpiece(testspecimen,standardmaterialoremptycrucible)andreferencematerialshallbedriedat (1105)Cuntilthedifferenceinweightoftwosuccessiveweighingsislowerthan0,2mg: measureth
41、emasswhenacrucibleisnotusedwithanaccuracyof0,1mgor0,1%whicheveristhe smaller; whenacrucibleisused,measurethemassofeachassemblydropped,(emptycrucible,crucibleandstandard referencematerial,crucibleandtestspecimen); placethetestpiece(testspecimen,standardmaterialoremptycrucible)intheconditioningchamber
42、at temperature T 1 andwaitforasufficientperiod(intheorderof15min),toreachthermalequilibriumofthetest piecewithitsenvironment.Measure T 1 andT 2 startrecordingthecalorimetricsignalbeforethetestpieceis dropped.Dropthetestpiece.Stoptherecordwhenthesteadystateoutputsignalisreached. 4.7Calculations 4.7.1
43、General Thechangeinheat Qcorrespondingtothedropofthetestpieceisrelatedtothearea Aunderthecalorimetric outputsignalbythefollowingequation. A K Q = where K isthecalorimetercalibrationfactor. EN11593:2003(E) BS EN 1159-3:20038 4.7.2 Determinationofthecalorimetriccalibrationfactor 4.7.2.1 Electricalcalibration(seeannexA) A H K = = signal output ic calorimetr the under area dissipated heat 4.7.2.2 Withstandardreferenc
