ICAO 7192 PART F-1-2002 Training Manual - Part F1 Meteorology for Air Traffic Controllers and Pilots First Edition Printed 12 2002《培训手册 第F1部分 空中交通管理员和领航员用气象学第一版 12 2002印本》.pdf

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13、kok 10901 nited Kingdom. Airplan Flight Equipment Ltd. (AFE), ia Ringway Trading Estate, Shadowmoss Road, Manchester M22 5LH 12/02 Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. M

14、onthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICA0 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networkin

15、g permitted without license from IHS-,-Doc 7192 AN1857 Training Manual Part F-I Meteorology for Air Traffic Controllers and Pilots Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority First Edition - 2002 I n t e r n at i o na I C iv i I Av i at i o n O r g an iza t i o n Copyright In

16、ternational Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-AMENDMENTS The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publica

17、tions and Audio-visual Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS ._. - (ii I. I I Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license w

18、ith ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-FOREWORD The importance of meteorology for the safety of civil aviation has been acknowledged since the early days of aviation. The ICAO Training Manual has provided guid- ance on meteorological training for avi

19、ation operations personnel since its inception. However, this new part of the Training Manual is the first that is exclusively dedicated to aeronautical meteorology. This approach has been chosen to outline, in a more efficient way, the important develop- ments which have taken place in the dissemin

20、ation of meteorological information. This manual has been prepared by the Meteorology and the Personnel Licensing and Training Sections of ICAO. It updates the meteorological part of the syllabus that is included in Doc 7192 - Training Manual, Part B-5 - Integrated Commercial Pilot Course, and provi

21、des guidance for the training of air traffic controllers. Comments on this manual, particularly with respect to its application, usefulness and scope of coverage, would be appreciated from States, ICAO Technical Co-operation field missions and training organizations. They will be taken into consider

22、ation in the preparation of subsequent editions. Comments concerning this manual should be addressed to: The Secretary General International Civil Aviation Organization 999 University Street Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7 Canada (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS und

23、er license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Glossary . (vii) Chapter 1 . Introduction 1-1 Chapter 2 . Training goals . 2-1 2.1 Conditions . 2-1 2.2 Performance 2-1 2.3 Standard of accomplishment . 2- 1 2.4 Trainin

24、g reference guide 2-1 Chapter 3 . Syllabi . 3-1 3.1 Atmosphere 3-1 3.2 Atmospheric temperature and humidity . . 3-1 3.3 Atmospheric pressure . 3-2 3.4 Pressure-wind relationships 3-2 3.5 Wind in the free atmosphere . 3-3 3.6 Winds near the earths surface . 3-3 3.7 Turbulence . 3-4 3.8 Vertical motio

25、n in the atmosphere 3-4 3.10 Thunderstorms 3-5 3.9 Formation of clouds and precipitation . 3-4 3.1 1 Aircraft icing . 3.12 Visibility and RVR . 3.13 Volcanic ash 3.14 Air masses and fronts 3.15 Frontal depressions 3.16 Weather at fronts and at other parts of the frontal depression 3.17 Other types o

26、f pressure systems 3.18 Surface observations . 3.19 Upper-air observations 3.20 Station model . 3.21 General climatology 3.22 Weather in the tropics 3.23 MET service for international air navigation . 3.24 Aeronautical MET reports . 3.25 Prognostic charts 3.26 Aeronautical forecasts and warnings 3.2

27、7 Aircraft observations and AiREPs 3.28 Sources of MET information 3.29 MET information for ATS units and search and rescue services centres 3.30 Field trip to local MET office or station . 3-6 3-7 3-7 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-10 3-10 3-11 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-16 3-16 Copyright Internati

28、onal Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-GLOSSARY ACC ACARS ADS AFI AFTN AIP AIRMET AIREP AISMET AMBEX AMDAR ANP APP ASDAR ASHTAM ATCO ATIS ATP ATPL ATS ATSMET AWOS CAT CAVOK CP CPDLC CPL

29、Area control centre Aircraft communications addressing and reporting system Automatic dependent surveillance Africa-Indian Ocean Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network Aeronautical information publication Information concerning en-route weather phenomenon which may affect the safety of low-lev

30、el aircraft operations A report from an aircraft in flight prepared in conformity with requirements for position and operational and/or meteorological reporting Aeronautical information service/ meteorology AH MET bulletin exchange Aircraft meteorological data acquisition and relay Air navigation pl

31、an Approach control office Aircraft-to-satellite data relay A special series NOTAM notifying, by means of a specific format, change in activity of a volcano, a volcanic eruption and/or volcanic ash cloud that is of significance to aircraft operations Air traffic controller Automatic terminal informa

32、tion service Airline transport pilot Airline transport pilot licence Air traffic service Air traffic service/meteorology Automated weather observation system Clear air turbulence Visibility, cloud and present weather better than prescribed values or conditions Commercial pilot Controller-pilot data

33、link communications Commercial pilot licence D-ATIS D-VOLMET ETD ETOPS EUR FIC FIR GAMET GRIB GTS IAVW ISA ISCS ITCZ MET MET REPORT METAR MOTNE MWO NAT NOTAM OPMET PP PPL QFE Q“ ROBEX RVR SADIS SIGMET SIGWX SNOWTAM Data link automatic terminal information service VOLMET data link service Estimated t

34、ime of departure Extended range operations by twin- engined aeroplanes European Flight information centre Flight information region Area forecast for low-level flights Processed meteorological data in the form of grid point values expressed in binary form Global telecommunication system Internationa

35、l airways volcano watch International standard atmosphere International satellite communications system Intertropical convergence zone Meteorological Local routine meteorological report Aviation routine weather report Meteorological Operational Telecommunications Network Europe Meteorological watch

36、office North Atlantic Notice to airmen Operational meteorological information Private pilot Private pilot licence Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation Altimeter subscale setting to obtain elevation when on the ground Regional OPMET bulletin exchange Runway visual range Satellite distribution

37、system for information relating to air navigation Information Concerning en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft operations Significant weather A special series NOTAM notifying the presence or removal of hazardous conditions due to snow, ice, slush or (vii) Copyright Inter

38、national Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-(viii) Training Manual standing water associated with snow, TEMPS Upper-level pressure, temperature, slush and ice on the movement area, by mea

39、ns of a specific format humidity and wind report from a fixed land station SPEC1 Aviation selected special weather report TWR Aerodrome control tower SPECIAL Local special meteorological report VAAC Volcanic ash advisory centre SVR Slant visual range VOLMET Meteorological information for aircraft SY

40、NOPs Report of surface observation from a in flight fixed land station WAFC World area forecast centre TAF Aerodrome forecast WAFS World area forecast system TCAC Tropical cyclone advisory centre WMO World Meteorological Organization Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IH

41、S under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 While all transport is subject to weather conditions which can vary from benign to vicious, it can be argued that aviation is the most sensitive to weather conditions.

42、 Moreover, an international or small local airport can be equally affected by weather conditions. Even relatively low-speed cross-winds combined with wet runway conditions can effectively close an airport, and conditions of poor visibility can cause major disruptions to aviation schedules. Meteorolo

43、gical (MET) conditions may also compromise safety, efficiency and regularity of flight operations en route. 1.2 It is most important, therefore, that the air traffic controllers (ATCOs), private pilots (PPs), commercial pilots (CPs) and airline transport pilots (ATPs) have sufficient skill and knowl

44、edge to interpret MET information, reports, forecasts and warnings correctly and efficiently. They must be able to use this information when exercising their duties. 1.3 In order to ensure that the trainee fully understands the role that the local MET office and aeronautical MET station play in the

45、preparation, coding and dissemination of weather data, it is strongly recommended th; the train be taken on guided tour of the nearest MET office andor aeronautical MET station, where questions and discussion should be encouraged. It should be emphasized to the ATCO trainees that the maintenance of

46、good coordination between the designated MET office and the respective air traffic service (ATS) units and search and rescue services centres has a major positive impact on the quality of the work of both units. 1.4 The following syllabus outlines the minimum knowledge and skill that are necessary i

47、f the ATCOs, PPs, CPs and ATPs are to perform their jobs efficiently and productively. While it may be necessary for authorities to enhance some parts of the outlined syllabus, it must not be at the expense of other parts. For the private pilot licence (PPL) instrument rating, the minimum knowledge

48、required for commercial pilot licences (CPLs) applies. 1.5 The minimum required knowledge may be presented to ATCO trainees in two separate courses: the initiai course and the ATCO licence course. The composition of the suggested course content given in Table 2-1 reflects such an arrangement. 1-1 Co

49、pyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-2.1 CONDITIONS Chapter 2 TRAINING GOALS The trainee must be provided with all relevant documentation, examples of actual aeronautical MET rep