1、Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Published in separate English, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the International Civil Aviation Organization. All corres
2、pondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General. Orders should be sent to one of the following addresses, together with the appropriate remittance (by bank draft, cheque or money order) in U.S. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is place
3、d. Credit card orders (American Express, MasterCard and Visa) are accepted at ICAO Headquarters. fnremational Civil Aviation Organization. Attention: Document Sales Unit 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 Telephone: +i (5 14) 954-8022; Facsimile: +i (5 14) 954-6769; Sitatex: YUL
4、ADYA; E-mail: saiesicao.int Telephone: +20 (2) 267-4840; Facsimile: +20 (2) 267-4843; Sitatex: CAICAYA Tlphone: +33 (i) 46 41 85 85; Tlcopieur: +33 (1) 46 41 85 00; Sitatex: PAREUYA Telephone: +9i (i i) 331-5896; Facsimile: +9i (il) 332-2639 Telephone: +81 (3) 3503-2686; Facsimile: +8i (3) 3503-2689
5、 Telephone: +254 (2) 622-395; Facsimile: +254 (2) 226-706; Sitatex: NBOCAYA Masaryk No. 29-3er. piso, Col. Chapultepec Morales, Mxico, D.F., i i570 Telfono: +52 (55) 52 50 32 i i; Facsimile: +52 (55) 52 03 27 57; Sitatex: MEXCAYA Nigeria. Landover Company, P.O. Box 3165, Ikeja, Lagos Telephone: +234
6、 (i) 4979780; Facsimile: +234 (i) 4979788; Sitatex: LOSLORK Peru. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Sudamrica, Apartado 4127, Lima i00 Telfono: +5i (i) 302260; Facsimile: +51 (1) 640393; Sitatex: LIMCAYA Russian Federation. Aviaizdat, 48, i. Franko Street, Moscow i21351 Telephone: +7 (095) 417-0
7、405; Facsimile: +7 (095) 417-0254 Senegal. Directeur rgional de OACI, Bureau Afrique occidentale et centrale, Bote postale 2356, Dakar Tlphone: +22i 8-23-54-52; Tlcopieur: +22i 8-23-69-26; Sitatex: DKRCAYA Slovakia. Air Traffic Services of the Slovak Republic, Letov prevdzkov sluzby Slovenskej Repub
8、iiky, State Enterprise, Letisko M.R. Stefnika, 823 07 Bratislava 21, Slovak Republic Telephone: +421 (7) 4857 i1 i i; Facsimile: +421 (7) 4857 2105 Telephone: +27 (1 i) 315-0003/4; Facsimile: +27 (i 1) 805-3649; E-mail: Egypt. ICAO Regional Director, Middle East Office, Egyptian Civil Aviation Comp
9、lex, Cairo Airport Road, Heiiopolis, Cairo 1 i776 France. Directeur rgional de IOACI, Bureau Europe et Atlantique Nord, 3 bis, villa mile-Bergerat, 92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine (Cedex) India. Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House, New Delhi i i0001 or 17 Park Street, Calcutta 700016 Japan. Japan
10、Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15-12, 1-chome, Toranomon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo Kenya. ICAO Regional Director, Eastern and Southern African Office, United Nations Accommodation, P.O. Box 46294, Nairobi Mexico. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Norteamrica, Centroamrica y Caribe South Africa. Av
11、ex Air Training (Pty) Ltd., Private Bag X102, Halfway House, 1685, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa Spain. A.E.N.A. - Aeropuertos Espaoles y Navegacin Area, Calle Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, 14, Planta Tercera, Despacho 3. i I, 28027 Madrid Telfono: +34 (91) 321-3 148; Facsimile: +34 (91) 321-3
12、157; Correo-e: sscc.ventasoaciOaena.es Telephone: +66 (2) 537-8189; Facsimile: +66 (2) 537-8 199; Sitatex: BKKCAYA Telephone: +44 i61 499 0023; Facsimile: +44 161 499 0298; E-mail: ; World Wide Web: http:/ Thailand. ICAO Regional Director, Asia and Pacific Office, P.O. Box 1 i, Samyaek Ladprao, Bang
13、kok 10901 nited Kingdom. Airplan Flight Equipment Ltd. (AFE), ia Ringway Trading Estate, Shadowmoss Road, Manchester M22 5LH 12/02 Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. M
14、onthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICA0 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networkin
15、g permitted without license from IHS-,-Doc 7192 AN1857 Training Manual Part F-I Meteorology for Air Traffic Controllers and Pilots Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority First Edition - 2002 I n t e r n at i o na I C iv i I Av i at i o n O r g an iza t i o n Copyright In
16、ternational Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-AMENDMENTS The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publica
17、tions and Audio-visual Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS ._. - (ii I. I I Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license w
18、ith ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-FOREWORD The importance of meteorology for the safety of civil aviation has been acknowledged since the early days of aviation. The ICAO Training Manual has provided guid- ance on meteorological training for avi
19、ation operations personnel since its inception. However, this new part of the Training Manual is the first that is exclusively dedicated to aeronautical meteorology. This approach has been chosen to outline, in a more efficient way, the important develop- ments which have taken place in the dissemin
20、ation of meteorological information. This manual has been prepared by the Meteorology and the Personnel Licensing and Training Sections of ICAO. It updates the meteorological part of the syllabus that is included in Doc 7192 - Training Manual, Part B-5 - Integrated Commercial Pilot Course, and provi
21、des guidance for the training of air traffic controllers. Comments on this manual, particularly with respect to its application, usefulness and scope of coverage, would be appreciated from States, ICAO Technical Co-operation field missions and training organizations. They will be taken into consider
22、ation in the preparation of subsequent editions. Comments concerning this manual should be addressed to: The Secretary General International Civil Aviation Organization 999 University Street Montreal, Quebec H3C 5H7 Canada (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS und
23、er license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Glossary . (vii) Chapter 1 . Introduction 1-1 Chapter 2 . Training goals . 2-1 2.1 Conditions . 2-1 2.2 Performance 2-1 2.3 Standard of accomplishment . 2- 1 2.4 Trainin
24、g reference guide 2-1 Chapter 3 . Syllabi . 3-1 3.1 Atmosphere 3-1 3.2 Atmospheric temperature and humidity . . 3-1 3.3 Atmospheric pressure . 3-2 3.4 Pressure-wind relationships 3-2 3.5 Wind in the free atmosphere . 3-3 3.6 Winds near the earths surface . 3-3 3.7 Turbulence . 3-4 3.8 Vertical motio
25、n in the atmosphere 3-4 3.10 Thunderstorms 3-5 3.9 Formation of clouds and precipitation . 3-4 3.1 1 Aircraft icing . 3.12 Visibility and RVR . 3.13 Volcanic ash 3.14 Air masses and fronts 3.15 Frontal depressions 3.16 Weather at fronts and at other parts of the frontal depression 3.17 Other types o
26、f pressure systems 3.18 Surface observations . 3.19 Upper-air observations 3.20 Station model . 3.21 General climatology 3.22 Weather in the tropics 3.23 MET service for international air navigation . 3.24 Aeronautical MET reports . 3.25 Prognostic charts 3.26 Aeronautical forecasts and warnings 3.2
27、7 Aircraft observations and AiREPs 3.28 Sources of MET information 3.29 MET information for ATS units and search and rescue services centres 3.30 Field trip to local MET office or station . 3-6 3-7 3-7 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-10 3-10 3-11 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-16 3-16 Copyright Internati
28、onal Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-GLOSSARY ACC ACARS ADS AFI AFTN AIP AIRMET AIREP AISMET AMBEX AMDAR ANP APP ASDAR ASHTAM ATCO ATIS ATP ATPL ATS ATSMET AWOS CAT CAVOK CP CPDLC CPL
29、Area control centre Aircraft communications addressing and reporting system Automatic dependent surveillance Africa-Indian Ocean Aeronautical fixed telecommunication network Aeronautical information publication Information concerning en-route weather phenomenon which may affect the safety of low-lev
30、el aircraft operations A report from an aircraft in flight prepared in conformity with requirements for position and operational and/or meteorological reporting Aeronautical information service/ meteorology AH MET bulletin exchange Aircraft meteorological data acquisition and relay Air navigation pl
31、an Approach control office Aircraft-to-satellite data relay A special series NOTAM notifying, by means of a specific format, change in activity of a volcano, a volcanic eruption and/or volcanic ash cloud that is of significance to aircraft operations Air traffic controller Automatic terminal informa
32、tion service Airline transport pilot Airline transport pilot licence Air traffic service Air traffic service/meteorology Automated weather observation system Clear air turbulence Visibility, cloud and present weather better than prescribed values or conditions Commercial pilot Controller-pilot data
33、link communications Commercial pilot licence D-ATIS D-VOLMET ETD ETOPS EUR FIC FIR GAMET GRIB GTS IAVW ISA ISCS ITCZ MET MET REPORT METAR MOTNE MWO NAT NOTAM OPMET PP PPL QFE Q“ ROBEX RVR SADIS SIGMET SIGWX SNOWTAM Data link automatic terminal information service VOLMET data link service Estimated t
34、ime of departure Extended range operations by twin- engined aeroplanes European Flight information centre Flight information region Area forecast for low-level flights Processed meteorological data in the form of grid point values expressed in binary form Global telecommunication system Internationa
35、l airways volcano watch International standard atmosphere International satellite communications system Intertropical convergence zone Meteorological Local routine meteorological report Aviation routine weather report Meteorological Operational Telecommunications Network Europe Meteorological watch
36、office North Atlantic Notice to airmen Operational meteorological information Private pilot Private pilot licence Atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation Altimeter subscale setting to obtain elevation when on the ground Regional OPMET bulletin exchange Runway visual range Satellite distribution
37、system for information relating to air navigation Information Concerning en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft operations Significant weather A special series NOTAM notifying the presence or removal of hazardous conditions due to snow, ice, slush or (vii) Copyright Inter
38、national Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-(viii) Training Manual standing water associated with snow, TEMPS Upper-level pressure, temperature, slush and ice on the movement area, by mea
39、ns of a specific format humidity and wind report from a fixed land station SPEC1 Aviation selected special weather report TWR Aerodrome control tower SPECIAL Local special meteorological report VAAC Volcanic ash advisory centre SVR Slant visual range VOLMET Meteorological information for aircraft SY
40、NOPs Report of surface observation from a in flight fixed land station WAFC World area forecast centre TAF Aerodrome forecast WAFS World area forecast system TCAC Tropical cyclone advisory centre WMO World Meteorological Organization Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IH
41、S under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 While all transport is subject to weather conditions which can vary from benign to vicious, it can be argued that aviation is the most sensitive to weather conditions.
42、 Moreover, an international or small local airport can be equally affected by weather conditions. Even relatively low-speed cross-winds combined with wet runway conditions can effectively close an airport, and conditions of poor visibility can cause major disruptions to aviation schedules. Meteorolo
43、gical (MET) conditions may also compromise safety, efficiency and regularity of flight operations en route. 1.2 It is most important, therefore, that the air traffic controllers (ATCOs), private pilots (PPs), commercial pilots (CPs) and airline transport pilots (ATPs) have sufficient skill and knowl
44、edge to interpret MET information, reports, forecasts and warnings correctly and efficiently. They must be able to use this information when exercising their duties. 1.3 In order to ensure that the trainee fully understands the role that the local MET office and aeronautical MET station play in the
45、preparation, coding and dissemination of weather data, it is strongly recommended th; the train be taken on guided tour of the nearest MET office andor aeronautical MET station, where questions and discussion should be encouraged. It should be emphasized to the ATCO trainees that the maintenance of
46、good coordination between the designated MET office and the respective air traffic service (ATS) units and search and rescue services centres has a major positive impact on the quality of the work of both units. 1.4 The following syllabus outlines the minimum knowledge and skill that are necessary i
47、f the ATCOs, PPs, CPs and ATPs are to perform their jobs efficiently and productively. While it may be necessary for authorities to enhance some parts of the outlined syllabus, it must not be at the expense of other parts. For the private pilot licence (PPL) instrument rating, the minimum knowledge
48、required for commercial pilot licences (CPLs) applies. 1.5 The minimum required knowledge may be presented to ATCO trainees in two separate courses: the initiai course and the ATCO licence course. The composition of the suggested course content given in Table 2-1 reflects such an arrangement. 1-1 Co
49、pyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-2.1 CONDITIONS Chapter 2 TRAINING GOALS The trainee must be provided with all relevant documentation, examples of actual aeronautical MET rep
