IESNA LEM-7 ADD A ANNEX B-2018 Lighting Controls for Energy Management.pdf

1、IES LEM-7-13 IES LEM713 Addendum A Jan. 30, 2018 Page 1 of 20 Addendum A for LEM713: Lighting Controls for Energy Management If you, as a user of IES LEM713, believe you have located an error not covered by the following revisions, you should email your information to Pat McGillicuddy, pmcgillicuddy

2、ies.org, or send a letter to Pat McGillicuddy, Manager of Standards Development, IES,120 Wall St., 17thFloor, New York, NY 10005. Additions will be posted to this list online as they become available. Revisions to IES LEM713 Section 3.2 Economic Considerations In the last paragraph, after the first

3、sentence, which reads: “Additional variables impacting the economic performance of lighting control systems include energy rates, peak demand charges, installation and commissioning costs, and any available financial incentive such as utility rebates rewarding users for power or energy reductions or

4、 installations of specific lighting control devices.” Add the following sentence: “It should be noted that reducing lighting energy reduces heat load, which may provide a reduction in energy needed for cooling. Add the following text at the end of the last paragraph: “It should be noted that control

5、 features for color change (CCT and color rendering) in support of biologic applications (circadian rhythms, performance and alertness, healing, horticultural applications, animal husbandry, or unity with exterior environment) can result in increased energy consumption if not implemented properly.”

6、IES LEM-7-13 IES LEM713 Addendum A Jan. 30, 2018 Page 2 of 20 New Annex: Annex B LED OnOff Control and Dimming INTRODUCTION LED technology is capable of smooth, flickerfree dimming over a wide rangetypically down to 10% or less, and even down to 1% or less on premium commercial dimming systemswhich

7、is why LED dimming is an effective means of reducing the overall energy consumption of lighting systems. All the lighting control strategies described in Section 2 are applicable to LED technology. This annex supplements IES LEM713 to update and augment the information specific to LED dimming in Sec

8、tion 5.5 Solid State Lighting and Section 7 Control Protocols. B.1.0 LED DRIVERCONTROLLED DIMMING IMPLEMENTATION B.1.1 LED Driver Outputs LED drivers are designed to be either constant current or constant voltage output devices, and these two types of drivers are not interchangeable. It is typically

9、 the luminaire manufacturers responsibility to select the driver type and configuration to meet the electrical requirements of the LED module(s) used in the luminaire. Constant voltage drivers provide a fixed voltage to multiple LED arrays, LED modules, LED tape, or LED luminaires that are connected

10、 in parallel, e.g., cove or undercabinet lighting. Constant voltage drivers are typically electronic, but some magnetic low voltage (MLV) and electronic low voltage (ELV) transformers used for halogen strip lights in a cove or with MR16 lamps or luminaires can also be used as constant voltage driver

11、s. These drivers commonly provide 12V or 240V outputs, although other output voltages are possible. Dimming of LED lighting that uses constant voltage drivers can only be accomplished via a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) output method, described later. In addition, MLV or ELV transformers can be used w

12、ith some types of LED modules. These need to be dimmed using the appropriate dimmer type, also described later. Constant current drivers provide an unchanging current, e.g., 700 mA, to a dedicated LED module that is designed to operate at that current level. Constant current drivers are commonly use

13、d for downlights, sconces or other LED luminaires. While most constant current drivers provide one output current, some can be adjusted to support multiple output currents, which provides design flexibility to accommodate different light outputs. There are two different dimming methods for adjusting

14、 the output current for constant current drivers: PWM and constantcurrent reduction (CCR). Although most drivers use one method or the other, some dimming divers use a combination of the two methods. PWM is accomplished through current switching between 0 amps and the rated output current at a speci

15、fic modulation frequency, meaning that the LED load is either on (at rated current) or off. The ratio of ontime to offtime determines the perceived brightness of the LED source. Figure B1 shows an example of the current for an LED source dimmed to approximately 25% of full perceived brightness as a

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23、s and LED ht ents d or IES LEM-7-13 IES LEM713 Addendum A Jan. 30, 2018 Page 4 of 20 daylight sensors can provide cost effective control to meet minimum building code requirements. The instanton and zero warmup time of LED sources provide superior functionality in warehouses, sports facilities and e

24、xterior switching applications. Luminaires that include multiple switched circuits can also utilize multilevel switching, in which portions of the luminaire can be turned off or on based on the needs of the occupants of the space. Since luminaires are turned on or off instantly, switching control is

25、 primarily utilized in applications where adjustability of the overall lighting level is needed but the aesthetics associated with dimming are not required. B.1.3 Dimming Controls for LED Lighting In general, dimming controls for LED lighting can be implemented via either of two methods: Direct dimm

26、ing of the line voltage feeding the LED lamp or luminaire Providing a separate control input to the driver that is typically a lowvoltage analog or digital signal (referred to as directly controlled because the signal acts directly as the method of level control, as opposed to control of line voltag

27、e or current) Because the control input type is independent of the driver output type (constant current or constant voltage), ensuring the compatibility of a control with a particular LED lamp or luminaire begins with verifying that both use the same control method, whether its a simple standalone w

28、all box dimmer or a more complex lighting control system. Dimming of the line voltage is implemented via either of two methods. These methods are commonly referred to as forward phase control (FPC), also known as leading edge (LE), and reverse phase control (RPC), also known as trailing edge (TE). B

29、.1.3.1 Forward Phase Control Dimming Forward phase control dimming is also sometimes referred to as triac dimming because of the bidirectional triode thyristors (commonly called triacs), components that can only be used in FPC circuit designs. Historically used for incandescent and MLV transformers,

30、 this is the most common method of line voltage dimming control. The U.S. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) estimates that there are over 150 million FPC dimmers installed, and many of these are likely to be used for control of LED lamps as incandescent lamps are replaced. Unfortu

31、nately, these dimmers were never designed for LED loads and typically do not have safety certification for this application. Performance may be inadequate in many cases, with LED flicker, dropout, popon, or failure to dim at low levels commonly occurring. Figure B3 shows and example of an FPC dimmin

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46、 The ed ing r IES LEM-7-13 IES LEM713 Addendum A Jan. 30, 2018 Page 7 of 20 B.1.4 Low Voltage Analog and Digital Control of LED Lighting There are several common low voltage protocols which have historically been used to control older types of lighting and are now being used to control LED lighting.

47、 Typical low voltage analog protocols include: 010 V (as defined by standard IEC 60929 Annex E2or ANSI C82.113) PWM (as defined by standard IEC 60929 Annex E) Typical low voltage digital protocols include: DALI (as defined by standard IEC 628364) DMX512 (as defined by standard ANSI E1.115) In additi

48、on to the protocols mentioned above, other protocols exist, some of which are either a variation of one of those mentioned or may be significantly different. Luminaire manufacturers specify the drivers that can be used with their products, and most offer several driver options in order to accommodat

49、e different control systems. Driver manufacturers, in turn, specify the control protocol required for proper operation. It is up to the user to match the control type with driver manufacturer recommendations. B.1.4.1 Analog 010 V Control Protocol The control wiring between dimmer and driver for this control type consists of two wires for low voltage DC dimming control (Class 1 or 2 wiring, depending on the luminaire rating). Line voltage to the LED driver is switched to turn the driver on an